（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 Z5TA4Q+Q
1. 充当句子的状语。 nnn \
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 oIO@ #
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 F
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4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) vQCb?+X&
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. zI[<uvxzW`
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 8a* &,W
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). JL4E `
真题剖析 =-
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. WA2NjxYz
45. A. For \2; !}
B. As *0" oj fVn
C. With Q >4NUq
D. Because %ud-3u52M8
练习： 9] +zZP_#
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. T(u; <}e@[
8. A. is t
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B. having q`mxN!1[
C. being eV!
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D. be .
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（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 xGyl7$J
虚拟语气(2) kttJTP77t
1. (should)+动词原形 ^ f>c_[fR
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 W5'6L =WG
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 9nVb$pf e#
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 %Qz<Lk">.
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 64mh. j
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 R"XycXn_$
would rather +动词过去式 muXP5MO
真题剖析 G9-ETj}
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … H.|I|XRG/
47. A. do vTFG*\Cq
B. did ZRYlm$C
C. don’t Zgh~7Z/
D. didn’t .! <yTh
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. @{RhO|UR
53. A. ordered ::{\O\w
B. pleaded JtY$AP$
C. decided ~q+AAWL
D. demanded >n /0od9
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. xU%]G .k
15. A. took ~D
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B. would take p= UW ^95
C. will take e;~(7/1
D. should take Y(`Bc8h
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. l'[;q '
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ~pp<
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54.A. shall i[LnU#+
B.will
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C.would =e
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D.should 7;@YR
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 GIYdI#0RC
动名词、分词、不定式。 >pZ _
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Mu:zWLM*M
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) &S
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 rtJ@D2Hj^
真题剖析 e`][zx
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. K)x6F 15 r
60. A. dropped q("l?'
B. to drop f%_$RdU
C. dropping )CoFRqz<h
D.drops ! 1?u0
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. r9(c<E?,h
59. A. destructive
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B. dissatisfied "Ltp] nCR
C. damaged $l.8
D. derivative :#sBN y
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 NR&a
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 (/&ht-~ EL
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Qu<HeSA_
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. zN9@.!?X2
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ~ cu+QR)
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. *3RD \.jPX
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ^cW{%R>XY
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 b )XGr?
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). c\P}Z Q
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 {hO|{vz
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. @:'E9J06
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) `.VkR5/
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) +&X>ul
He no less than John is interested in literature. zY PvpZV/
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) WpI5C,3Z!l
Either my father or my brothers are coming. YE"MtL {
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 3PzF^ 8KJ
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. RC"xnnIJv
真题剖析 *0a7H$iQ(]
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. fB; o3!y
53. A. none 9% P$e=Ui#
B. few -Vg 0J6x
C. any pek5P4W_
D. some 8p~[8}
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 {2|s k9?W
全部倒装 eLN(NSPoS
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” V3pn@
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There stand big buildings in this district. Mr K?,7*Xi
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. \w{fq+G
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) oB} rd9
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. g'eJN
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