（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 'U Cx^-
1. 充当句子的状语。 Pu*UZ cXY
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 vK~KeZ\,p=
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 y{P9k8v!z
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ]a~LA7 VHO
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 5 !p'n#_
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. .Q@'O b`
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). |H
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真题剖析 IcA~f@
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. cYS+XBz
45. A. For ?MB nnyo6
B. As >?FCv7qN
C. With P#oV ^
D. Because b;ZAz
练习： ^<+he X
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. TnAX;+u
8. A. is j)*nE./3
B. having yBKlp08
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C. being i|'t!3I^m
D. be ( Ad! hyE(
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ;wB 3H
虚拟语气(2) ;Bi{;>3
1. (should)+动词原形 H4j qF~
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 $Bb/GXn{\
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 7^ 5BnF@
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 5,Zn$zosJC
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 5!*a,$S
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 D 3ad2vH
would rather +动词过去式 2_v>8B
真题剖析 =<xbE; ,0
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 4y.[tk5
47. A. do Df^S77&c!
B. did \>k+Oyj
C. don’t c
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D. didn’t qI@_
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Ymom 0g+ f
53. A. ordered [*t E HW
B. pleaded O6]~5&8U.
C. decided c2/HY8ttRD
D. demanded FO$Tn+\ 6
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. wP*Z/}Uum+
15. A. took b?? 1Up
B. would take zdE^v{}|
C. will take |e\%pfZ
D. should take ig{5 ]wZ(
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. J7xmf,76w
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 2wCRT}C
54.A. shall tw66
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B.will m@ YL Z
C.would ,e2va7}3
D.should #Z
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（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 wG
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动名词、分词、不定式。 S J5kA`
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) SCij5il%
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) +Sfv.6~v
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 F*f)Dv$p
真题剖析 )T?ryp 3ev
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *C \O] r:'
60. A. dropped &^.' g{\Y
B. to drop i weP3u##
C. dropping |Bp?"8%*l
D.drops c+JlM1p@
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. - g0> >{M'
59. A. destructive %[J( ,rm
B. dissatisfied q`P:PRgM
C. damaged cF6|IlhO
D. derivative \cG'3\GI
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 qb Q> z+c
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 k;sUD mrO
How you got there doesn’t concern me. C1=[\c~jw
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. KjadX&JD
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 u tr_fFu
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. $IHa]9 {
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 E O
5Vg
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 )Ii=8etdv
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). P1t5-q
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ;>~iCF k]?
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. $)U
RY~; i
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) R`c5- 0A
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 4Xz |HU?
He no less than John is interested in literature. ?g'l/xuRe
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) bu]bfnYi9
Either my father or my brothers are coming. -a3C3!!
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 YW*ti|u|w
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. B-RaAi E@
真题剖析 *d=pK*g
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. %lBFj/B
53. A. none HkrNt/]
B. few 1peN@Yk2W
C. any d$ !ibL#o
D. some mwt3EV5
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 =_5-z|
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全部倒装 p |z W2L
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” mz47lv1?
There stand big buildings in this district. JH 8^ZP:d'
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. {J[0UZ6
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) V[~/sc )
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. i 9d.Ls
#(OL! B
