(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 D}i_#-^MH
1. 充当句子的状语。 hO?RsYJ.F
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 I7C*P~32{n
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 b~Q8&z2
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Rzj1D:?X@
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. n`TXmg
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. =G<i6%(^g
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). \ )'`F;
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真题剖析 rEfo)jod
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ]-+%]'
45. A. For z4B-fS]
B. As @!np
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C. With |XV@/ZGl~
D. Because "tX=^4
练习: /&jh10}H
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. @o/126(k
8. A. is 7FBaN7l
B. having =ICakh!TO
C. being ~u^MRe|`
D. be *Y\C5L]
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 :d{-"RAG"
虚拟语气(2) xZc].l6
1. (should)+动词原形 s%OPoRE
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 "
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 M[1!#Q><!
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 tQYkH$e`/{
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 0<4Nf]i
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 B3NDx+%m
would rather +动词过去式 ;GF+0~5>
真题剖析 1Vi3/JM@
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …
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47. A. do H7Y :l0b
B. did 2zN"*Wkn
C. don’t U5!~@XjG>
D. didn’t Mq,2S
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. JK=0juv<E
53. A. ordered k[<Uxh%
B. pleaded tmVGJ+gz
C. decided o4F?Rx,L
D. demanded E9 6`
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练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. `-)Hot)
15. A. took viXt]0
B. would take SpJIEw
C. will take (Ee5Af,4
D. should take {,Z-GJ
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. <yg!D21Y
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Z#znA4;)
54.A. shall yO*HJpc
B.will ic=tVs
C.would 1ww#]p`1
D.should ~/m=Q<cV
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 DU|>zO%
动名词、分词、不定式。 @CNe)&U
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Mv_-JE9#>o
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) }[mLtv%&
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 _/[}PQC6G
真题剖析 X')t6DQ( I
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. k\<8h%
60. A. dropped g|=
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B. to drop @wPyXl
C. dropping Boj#r ,x
D.drops Cc}3@Nf{/
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. h\lyt(.s
59. A. destructive ,*m{
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B. dissatisfied 8k9Yoht
C. damaged \IX|{]*D
D. derivative lEXI<b'2
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 dj2w_:&W
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 kHz?vVE/l
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 7!PU}[
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. oZ\zi> Y,
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 2ut)m\)/)
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. pF<KhE*V
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 1qm
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 FM,o&0HSd
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). u3C0!{v
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 @d_9NOmNT
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. G]RFGwGt
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) >=K~*$&>
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 4Ul*`/
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He no less than John is interested in literature. 7bL48W<QD
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) +ux170Cd3
Either my father or my brothers are coming. S
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 Y/]J0D
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. m2v'zJd}g
真题剖析 qk=OodEMK
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. chXTFLC~
53. A. none {)
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B. few /NUu^ N
C. any H+npe'm_Z
D. some %
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(五)考博英语语法:倒装 * TByAa{
全部倒装 q8H9au&/
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” xcX^L84\
There stand big buildings in this district. CGs5`a
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. +?^lnoX
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) wpa^]l
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. !yu-MpeG
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