（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 *=QWx[K|
1. 充当句子的状语。 a
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 or
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3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 grCz@i
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) J16(d+
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. _`]YWvh
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 6[% 4 Q[
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ,3ivB8
真题剖析 A3e83g~L
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. P_c9v/
45. A. For f,Dj@?3+
B. As "\Nn,3
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C. With NHz hGg]
D. Because %wux#"8
练习： ]$WwPDZ
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. "f`{4p0v
8. A. is sZP
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B. having e/!xyd
C. being 1A\N $9Dls
D. be +dSO?
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（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 w97% 5[-T
虚拟语气(2) ;l=Z W
1. (should)+动词原形 8d"Ff
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ^NiS7 )F X
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 <-m[0zg q
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 N(^
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 V17SJSC-
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 <2{-ey]
would rather +动词过去式 u IGeSd5B
真题剖析 N1i%b,:3
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … iqP MCOPZ
47. A. do =5m~rJ< {
B. did u' +;/8
C. don’t R<n'v.~"A
D. didn’t gG6j>%y
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 8C>\!lW"
53. A. ordered ev;R; 0<
B. pleaded e $ {Cf
C. decided P4S]bPIp
D. demanded #?EmC]N7
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ' (1`iQ;
15. A. took qTUyax
B. would take HJeZm
C. will take T
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D. should take I=G-(L/&
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Td/J6Q9 0
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) &n yJ :?
54.A. shall 7 I`8r2H
B.will :@8N${7`$A
C.would Q' qz(G0
D.should \ hr2#!
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 \x9.[?;=e
动名词、分词、不定式。 6=o'.03\f
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ;S.o` z1GI
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) z IT)Hs5
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 he\ pW5p
真题剖析 dFVx*{6
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. g<(\# F}/
60. A. dropped y8a rFG
B. to drop o/ ~Rf1
C. dropping @zGz8IF
D.drops I->
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ( @&+?A"6`
59. A. destructive D@
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B. dissatisfied Xdtyer%
C. damaged VkJBqRzBOa
D. derivative sf5 F$
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Mj5&vs~n;
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. UrJrv x
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 3 =-XA2zJ
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 wMvAm%}+
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Pof]9qE-y
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 z=1N}l~|*
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ]7DS>%m Y(
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). `m+o^!SGe
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Or<OmxJ
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 4IGn,D^
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) X(M|T ]`b:
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ,LftQ1*;
He no less than John is interested in literature. :&`,T.N.vK
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) !}I+)@~\w
Either my father or my brothers are coming. b SgdVP-
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 S\<nCkE^
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Z%$ tV3a?
真题剖析 /0z#0gNp
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. m4x8W2 q
53. A. none
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B. few C7Ny-rj}IA
C. any ?M9?GodbP.
D. some HIsB)W&%@
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 PQvpJFpb~h
全部倒装 =QS%D*.|D
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” T0v{qQ
There stand big buildings in this district. hF`Qs
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. &e)V!o@wJV
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) B2T= O %
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. gn)>(MG
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