2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 z+PSx'#}  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 1^!=J<`K;  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 w][ 
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 S &s7]  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ?7^('  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. "SLN8x49(  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 6x*ImhQ.J  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). MukPY2[Am  
　　真题剖析 kVkV~  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 2?QIK3"v  
　　45. A. For .X_k[l9  
　　B. As IJS9%m#  
　　C. With ETSBd[  
　　D. Because jGR_EE  
　　练习： _m3PAD4  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Q!GB^P  
　　8. A. is Va(R*38k  
　　B. having PS`)6yn{_  
　　C. being hP3I_I[qF}  
　　D. be 2~R"3c+^  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 G A2S  
　　虚拟语气(2) ll[U-v{  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 ThJLaNS  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 IH}?CZ@{?  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ZN%$k-2  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 cQ*:U@  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 /}#z/m@bN  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 9Hlu%R  
　　would rather +动词过去式 LtejLCf/  
　　真题剖析 WZ6!VE{  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ^4B6 IF*  
　　47. A. do .s7o$u~l  
　　B. did FEU$D \1y  
　　C. don’t lQi2ym?  
　　D. didn’t
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　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. S3)JEZi  
　　53. A. ordered ;Jv)J3y  
　　B. pleaded )bi*y`UM]  
　　C. decided u"X8(\pOn  
　　D. demanded ?P{C=Td2z  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 47`{ e_YP0  
　　15. A. took fm&l0  
　　B. would take dr,j~s  
　　C. will take W 86S)+h  
　　D. should take +vDT^|2SF  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ]$0{PBndW  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ,dZ 9=]  
　　54.A. shall 3 w!oJB  
　　B.will x9-K}s]%  
　　C.would ;bP7|  
　　D.should Lm,io\z  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 rd%3eR?V  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 *Vv ;NA/  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) =E4nNL
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 6<rc]T'|  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 6K?+adKlc  
　　真题剖析 4.H!rkMM  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. =wS:)%u  
　　60. A. dropped [h%_`8z  
　　B. to drop i,;Q  
　　C. dropping g6 7*Bs  
　　D.drops 1D=M
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　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ;h/Y9uYn  
　　59. A. destructive 8b6:n1<fn  
　　B. dissatisfied RoJ&dK  
　　C. damaged &(Xp_3PO  
　　D. derivative Z;WqKIM#  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 A4(^I u  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 tC|5;'m.2  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 2<u vz<B  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ~a/yLI"'g  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Ge(r6"%7  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. LNg[fF^:  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。  $JX_e  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 N_/&xHw  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 'e{e>>03  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 9;h1;9sC|  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. xvpS%MS  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) I&
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　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) o Q{gh$6*  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. F\Tlpp9  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) yDy3;*lE  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. FA4bv9:hi  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 vQBfT% &Q-  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. sVh!5fby&  
　　真题剖析 L$(W* PG}  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 8a-[Q  
　　53. A. none ShGR!r<  
　　B. few rBgLj,/`U/  
　　C. any *h-nI=  
　　D. some fyQAQZT  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 9"MC<  
　　全部倒装 UXIq>[2Z1  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” j##I Jm  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. 6aMqU? -
 
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. (Ptv#LSUX  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) (A(d]l  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. fkk\Q>J9!=  
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