2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ^m5{:\ Xk  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ln3
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　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ]qXfgc  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 V-jo2+Y5=  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) AKS(WNGEp  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. YN\ QwV  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Sm-nb*ZyC  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). $+ ?6U  
　　真题剖析 (+4=A k  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. U_14CLsdG  
　　45. A. For /R^!~J50  
　　B. As 6jKM,%l  
　　C. With n:7=z0 s  
　　D. Because $ i =-A  
　　练习：  f(9w FT  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. !FO92 P16  
　　8. A. is FCI38?`%  
　　B. having 4E"qpy \(  
　　C. being 0V1kZ.  
　　D. be ~L?p/3m   
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ~>{<r{H"S  
　　虚拟语气(2) 5Lue.U%a  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 b#$:XS  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 J,IOp-  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 vnIxI a  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 -"(e*&TJ#  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 OY?uqP}c  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ]ImS@!Ajjx  
　　would rather +动词过去式 xv1$,|^ts  
　　真题剖析 QO|ODW+D  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … "ebn0<cZ  
　　47. A. do h#;yA"j1&  
　　B. did ,kLeK{  
　　C. don’t ]Q^oc  
　　D. didn’t )TXn7{M:  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. L@v0C)
  
　　53. A. ordered b>fDb J0  
　　B. pleaded j8N
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　　C. decided ,m0=z
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　　D. demanded v^KJU +  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. :@Q_oyWE8  
　　15. A. took _gU[FUBtJ  
　　B. would take  ^gv)[  
　　C. will take 8whjPn0  
　　D. should take {_Wtk@  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. c?wFEADn  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) [;};qQ-C2  
　　54.A. shall BhNwC[G?m  
　　B.will oq;}q  
　　C.would {K:/(\  
　　D.should x
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　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 b/<4\f  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 8f#YUK sW=  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 1=#`&f5f&  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) =(v/pLLK?  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 '?Hy"5gUA  
　　真题剖析 LgB}!OLQ  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. >Utn[']~  
　　60. A. dropped "BEU%,w  
　　B. to drop _3ZZ-=J:=*  
　　C. dropping E-n!3RQ(w  
　　D.drops .'>r?%a  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. .bew,92  
　　59. A. destructive u;y1leG  
　　B. dissatisfied OB5{EILej  
　　C. damaged 0(0Ep(Vj  
　　D. derivative iSHNt0Nl  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 :Im_=S[0  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 vR#A7y @!  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 5wr0+Xo  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. vFy/  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ;`@DQvVZ:  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. +^4"  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 i_f"?X;D  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ^8E/I]-  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). %p^C,B{7w  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 hoeOdWIpf  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. , lT8gQ|u  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) IjD: hR@
 
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) >q4nQ/eP  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. Hya*7l']B  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) h jWRU#  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. Q8T4_p[-o  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。  E70
 
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Xs*~[k'  
　　真题剖析 T3wR0,  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. <)y'Ot0 y  
　　53. A. none v]Pw]m5=U  
　　B. few 5|Vb)QBv%  
　　C. any %[;<'s5e~  
　　D. some 
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　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 KiH#*u S  
　　全部倒装 R0-ARq#0<  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” tE<L4;t  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. hW _NARA  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. li,kW`j+t  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) c-z=(Z  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. j3sUZg|d  
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