(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 tE<H|_{L
1. 充当句子的状语。 CkOz
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 #Z?A2r!1
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 .sha&
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) +Vb.lH[av
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. <\rT%f}3^
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). #L=x%8B
真题剖析 LG{,c.Qj*
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. JVvs-bK5
45. A. For at#ja_ hd
B. As x
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C. With ak$f"py
x
D. Because LO9=xGj.
练习: O,{6*[)@
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 9UdM`v)(
8. A. is W9 GxXPA
B. having
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C. being hgYZOwQ
D. be Yg]-wQrH
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 Q|S.R1L^
虚拟语气(2) Si2k"<5U
1. (should)+动词原形 /?uPEKr
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 =)0,#9k U]
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 hci6P>h<ia
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 T,,WoPU8t
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 Xb|:vr\v
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 I:R[;TB?y
would rather +动词过去式 .5^cb%B*
真题剖析 f',Op1o
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … {f Py=,>Nb
47. A. do .[]r}[ lU
B. did {%rA
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C. don’t j$M h+5
D. didn’t ,;EIh}
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. m~iXl,r
53. A. ordered LdYB7T,
B. pleaded EaO6[E
C. decided t|w_i-&b,
D. demanded =:xW>@bh|
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 1T"`vtR
15. A. took !y\'EW3|G
B. would take B{QBzx1L9c
C. will take Y>dF5&(kb
D. should take cq,S P&T~
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *z5.vtfu!
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) G!Op~p@Jm
54.A. shall 0eT(J7[ <
B.will z 9vInf@M
C.would S ^!n45l
D.should j_qbAP
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 >@U*~Nz
动名词、分词、不定式。 216 RiSr*
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) j
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) $jjfC
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 BGvre'67
真题剖析 [@&m4 7
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ^P[e1?SZG
60. A. dropped ~Q Oe##
B. to drop [u
=+3b
C. dropping {JO^tI
D.drops -"R2
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. DF&(8NoX~
59. A. destructive BnX0G1|#
B. dissatisfied 1D7nkAy
C. damaged g&^quZ"H
D. derivative Q3XpHnufu+
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 )\1@V+!E%
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 ~Zun&b)S
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ;@0;pY
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Mc?Qx
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 y;4OY
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. s%vis{2
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 gIo@Pm
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 %@<8<6&q
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). pf]xqhL
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 _jvxc'6
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ;d@#XIS&-(
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) U2ohHJ``
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) T"(&b~m2b4
He no less than John is interested in literature. Fh)IgzFj
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) +UC G0D
Either my father or my brothers are coming. v>6"j1Z
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 v|Pv 03%?7
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. V"[g.%%Y
真题剖析 S:u:z=:r
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. &r[`>B{tP
53. A. none ?Lx24*5%
B. few rExnxQ<e
C. any 2\R'@L*
D. some xn?a. 3b'
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 gx-2v|pZ
全部倒装 /~DI 6g
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” +*\u :n
There stand big buildings in this district. Vo4,@scG
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. o m!!Sl 3
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) Ah1]Y}sy
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 3t.l5m
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