2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 NM9,AG  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ))dw[Xa  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 VJP
#  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 /:^nG+  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) fk9q3  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Uq @].3nf  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ^We}i  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 3 l}9'j  
　　真题剖析 M~7Cb>%<  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. (?g+.]Dt,  
　　45. A. For 3d]~e  
　　B. As +!W:gA  
　　C. With '7}2}KD  
　　D. Because J[0

5T1  
　　练习： cIQbu#[@  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. `K:n=hpF  
　　8. A. is 7_P33l8y  
　　B. having .vctuy&  
　　C. being R?;mu^B  
　　D. be nW^h +  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 d"IZt;s/,  
　　虚拟语气(2) OjAdY\ ]1  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 IU5T5p  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 :4-,Ru1C"  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 VKZP\]$XG  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 9l"=]7~%  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 MUsF  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 a]7g\rg)  
　　would rather +动词过去式 y2#"\5dC  
　　真题剖析 `"[qb ?z  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … VBix8|  
　　47. A. do [*5]NNB  
　　B. did pDYJLh-C  
　　C. don’t _Y;tD  
　　D. didn’t 1<1+nGO  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 6pSTw\/6  
　　53. A. ordered 9Q}g Vqn  
　　B. pleaded ?T_MP "  
　　C. decided PuREqa\_[  
　　D. demanded lct  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. jc)7FE  
　　15. A. took ,dT
mI{@O  
　　B. would take lH`TF_  
　　C. will take aQ$sn<-l  
　　D. should take te2vv]W1  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 7@>/O)>(AS  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) fn,hP_  
　　54.A. shall B7[d^Y60B  
　　B.will bA,Zfsr6#  
　　C.would oRSA&hSs  
　　D.should dt:$:,"   
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 cZ?$_;=  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ap )B%9  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) vE'{?C=EM  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) hBpa"0F  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 El5}
f4sl  
　　真题剖析 zaHZ5%{LQD  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.  B8T$<  
　　60. A. dropped =?.oH|&\h  
　　B. to drop 30uPDDvar  
　　C. dropping ] 5S`y{j1  
　　D.drops aqI"4v]~b  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. c#}K,joeU  
　　59. A. destructive UT yV6~  
　　B. dissatisfied &;d N:F;  
　　C. damaged xt5/`C  
　　D. derivative R\3a Sx L  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 R*D<M3  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 b^d{$eoH?|  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. K'r;#I|"J  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. xz"60xxY  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 :Fb>=e  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. U*$P"sS`  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 Om0 $6O  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 H\ejW@<;h  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 0Xh_.PF  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 >%U+ G0Fq  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. w7U]-MW6A*  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) `sCaGCp  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) >5~#BrpwG  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. @=VxWU  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) p5fr}#en  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. C.92FiC  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 #,d~t  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. SU~a()"  
　　真题剖析  lln"c  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. /IUu-/ D  
　　53. A. none c 3QgX4vq  
　　B. few Y7}>yC/GY  
　　C. any ^Qs}2%  
　　D. some Q4"\k. ?  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 4!Js="  
　　全部倒装 PdcIHN  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” iNA3Y  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. %F>~2g?$  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. K&|h%4O  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ~$HB}/  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. m@2E ~m  
)5Khl"6!z