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主题 : 2016考博英语语法详解汇总
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楼主  发表于: 2015-10-30   

2016考博英语语法详解汇总

(一)考博英语语法:独立主格       Q'K$L9q  
  1. 充当句子的状语。 ,r`UBQ}?  
  2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 NXI[q 'y  
  3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 "Pj}E=!k  
  4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) YeyGN  
  例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 74f 9|~%  
  b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. v{y{sA  
  c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 6I>^Pf'ND  
  真题剖析 /oL8;:m  
  (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are  46  of the material which would 47 feed them. Js{= i>D  
  45. A. For ,@.EpbB  
  B. As 78]gt J  
  C. With jg_n7  
  D. Because 0^ &!6R  
  练习: iM5vrz`n  
  Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. X+l'bp]Ry  
  8. A. is %Q~CB7ILK  
  B. having .=<$S#x^Hb  
  C. being yZ3nRiuRT  
  D. be h{_*oBa  
  (二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 4l @)K9F  
  虚拟语气(2) Fn+ ?u  
  1. (should)+动词原形 \#6Fm_b] u  
  It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 v\%G|8+]  
  It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 L`[z[p {?  
  It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 4["&O=:d  
  部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 p]ivf  
  2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 X G 0v  
  would rather +动词过去式 C@gXT]Q 0}  
  真题剖析 |d}MxS`^  
  (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … _MfD   
  47. A. do b,<9  
  B. did <Kt3PyF  
  C. don’t CxF-Z7 '  
  D. didn’t uf'4'  
  (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they  53 that the professor be sent home. .p&Yr% ~  
  53. A. ordered thW<   
  B. pleaded m*e YC  
  C. decided EKZVF`L  
  D. demanded OB^T q~i  
  练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that   we__15__ this message to heart. i7Z=|&  
  15. A. took *xs!5|n+  
  B. would take z#Nl@NO&  
  C. will take ]v29 Rx  
  D. should take Y+-xvx :  
  (2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. p>*i$  
  (even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) C)RBkcb  
  54.A. shall 39TT{>?`w  
  B.will lU2c_4  
  C.would {}Ejt:rKN  
  D.should [=%YV# O  
  (三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 lmCZ8 j(FF  
  动名词、分词、不定式。 C+V* Fh3  
  主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) =VP=|g  
  发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) JXU2CyMY  
  To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 fI|[Z+"  
  真题剖析 ^U  q  
  (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ;/8{N0  
  60. A. dropped SU%DW4 6  
  B. to drop |M~ON=  
  C. dropping yy2I2Bv  
  D.drops Q(@IK&v  
  (2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining   relationships, from developing in human ways. HgRwi It  
  59. A. destructive l=P'B @,  
  B. dissatisfied {G i h&N  
  C. damaged )g1a'G  
  D. derivative x4K`]Fvhl  
  (四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 HZ"Evl|n  
  1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 j|(Z#3J  
  How you got there doesn’t concern me. ]$iN#d|ZU  
  Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 6XV<? 9q  
  2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 K%g;NW  
  Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. m}Y0xV9  
  3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 \FzM4-  
  4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 :14i?4F d  
  Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ": ;@Hnb/  
  5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 7^e +  
  Everyone knows that you’ve come here. NeOxpn[  
  If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.  (--thing 的情况例外) JhK/']R  
  6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ?pGkk=,KB  
  He no less than John is interested in literature. 2 h|e  
  7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) =_TaA(79  
  Either my father or my brothers are coming. le>Wm&E  
  8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 qoU3"8  
  Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. rP=sG;d  
  真题剖析 \c`oy=qY0  
  (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ra7uU*  
  53. A. none [IBQvL  
  B. few BN_7Ay/k  
  C. any (Ye>Cp+]  
  D. some f|7u_f  
  (五)考博英语语法:倒装 -M5=r>1;  
  全部倒装 deX5yrvOie  
  1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Vd9@Dy  
  There stand big buildings in this district. 0Fr1Ku!  
  Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ^U7OMl4Usq  
  2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) $ItF])Bj5N  
  In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. r4 dOK] 0  
\>/M .2  
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