2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 \=7=>x_  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 y.:-  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 winJ@IYW  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 f^4*.~cB  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) rhTk}2@h  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. @izi2ND  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. MN
qyEc""  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). G=cH 61  
　　真题剖析 %"Q!5
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　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. )m8>w6"  
　　45. A. For 1K9?a;.  
　　B. As -Y=c g;  
　　C. With m]d6@"Z.  
　　D. Because ff1B)e  
　　练习： Gu`Vk/&  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 0a6@HwO  
　　8. A. is ~ _db<!a  
　　B. having q>(u>z!  
　　C. being yr9A0F0  
　　D. be
pZ~>l=-  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 +wW  
　　虚拟语气(2) @b*T4hwA.  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 T:%wX9W  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 06 Esc^D  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 p:<gFZb  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 <Mn7`i   
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 uM)9b*Vbo  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 qVD!/;l  
　　would rather +动词过去式 V@n
(v\F  
　　真题剖析 iC|6roO!jk  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … pL}j ZTo  
　　47. A. do PP[)h,ZL*  
　　B. did EM54  
　　C. don’t
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　　D. didn’t D*T$ v   
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. m wEVEx2
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　　53. A. ordered N<Z)b!o%u  
　　B. pleaded OwiWnS<  
　　C. decided f-v ND'@  
　　D. demanded 0]eh>ab>  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. G9'YgW+$7  
　　15. A. took "Eok;io  
　　B. would take \|pK Z6*s  
　　C. will take OZC/+"\,  
　　D. should take ^tg6JB;s
 
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. t=W$'*P0}  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) +NLQYuN  
　　54.A. shall cfC;eRgq~  
　　B.will APQQ:'>N4~  
　　C.would qD$GKN .  
　　D.should ?`T6CRZ
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　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 8!&ds~?  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 59Tg"3xB<  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 3<jAp#bE  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ek(kY6x:  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 4iYKW2a  
　　真题剖析 TRySl5jx@  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.  J:~[j  
　　60. A. dropped FU]8.)`G  
　　B. to drop `u p-m=zA  
　　C. dropping >p]WCb'PH  
　　D.drops =2;mxJ#o  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. $/<"Si&(  
　　59. A. destructive RFZU}.*K$  
　　B. dissatisfied AT%* ~tr  
　　C. damaged je- ,S>U  
　　D. derivative F= _uNq  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 VW{aUgajO  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 JK(`6qB>(6  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 0okO+Q
U,a  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. #uD)0zdw  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 8m/FKO (r  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 0$xK   
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 )d770Xg+  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 bxd
3  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 2A*X Hvwb  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 B^8 ZoF  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. _KSfP7VU  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) B B2_J=wA  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) #;\L,a|>*  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. Lf,CxZL5  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) rQu  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. SWNU1x{,c\  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 =F'l's^j  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. olD@W UB  
　　真题剖析 f pv= P  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. Cp .1/  
　　53. A. none e={k.y}x}  
　　B. few wb(*7 &eP:  
　　C. any Q  `e~MD  
　　D. some +Od1)_'\D3  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 ;jRL3gAe)  
　　全部倒装 VqcBwJ!?p  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” :[y]p7;{f  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. g8%MOhg  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. bWGyLo,  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) @IEI%vH  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 8ku? W  
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