2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 gC%G;-gm  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 U=Y)V%  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 r'LVa6e"N  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ))D:8l@  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) |!|^ v  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
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　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. j*@l"V>~  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). V!%jf:k  
　　真题剖析 TQX)?^Ft  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 5[l8y,  
　　45. A. For :,;K>l^U  
　　B. As FLal}80.o:  
　　C. With +=Jir1SLV  
　　D. Because Tl
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　　练习： f|A riM  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. CfEmT8sa  
　　8. A. is I3 =#@2  
　　B. having [L` ZE*z  
　　C. being :a8 YV!X  
　　D. be _LP/!D  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 wHZW `  
　　虚拟语气(2) I +5)Jau^S  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 a)Q!'$"'  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 0`.
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　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ^2d!*W|  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 I jr\5FA[p  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 H|ozDA  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ]3
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　　would rather +动词过去式 ]A FI\$qB\  
　　真题剖析 K]/4qH$:  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … NW~z&8L  
　　47. A. do 4p;aS$Q  
　　B. did ~/NKw:  
　　C. don’t IcP)FB4  
　　D. didn’t &1%q"\VI  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. )%rg?l
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　　53. A. ordered T|&[7%F3"  
　　B. pleaded }:: S0l  
　　C. decided  !8 &=y  
　　D. demanded +% /s*EC'w  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Bwr3jV?S  
　　15. A. took n Ezf.[+9/  
　　B. would take ld$i+6|   
　　C. will take "5cM54Z0  
　　D. should take L 
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　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Vcd.mE(t%  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 5cx#SD&5/  
　　54.A. shall oJ#
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　　B.will UR:aD_h  
　　C.would tx?dIy;  
　　D.should kw 2T>  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 MX@IHc  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ^ 9!
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) lKk/p^:  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) &.TTJsKG h  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 =4d (b ;  
　　真题剖析 R_=6GZH$G  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. UMX@7a,[3  
　　60. A. dropped IK*0 7h/!  
　　B. to drop H@]MXP[_  
　　C. dropping F R|&^j6  
　　D.drops phO;c;
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　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. YBh'EL}P  
　　59. A. destructive Z|}G6]h  
　　B. dissatisfied yCCrK@{oo  
　　C. damaged !?Wp+e6  
　　D. derivative U*.0XNKp{  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 s&'QN=A  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 1;VHM'  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4@xE8`+bG  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. v%Wx4v@%SE  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 s(W|f|R  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. g}]t[}s1]  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 37}D9:#5C  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 vTn}*d.K=  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). \l~*PG2  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 )=Jk@yj8x  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 2;w*oop,O  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) ~Jf{4*>y  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) {T].]7Z  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. >t7x>_~   
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) $8BPlqBIZ  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. Sfdu`MQR  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Ha)ANAD  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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　　真题剖析 1@$Ko5  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. c*~]z R>s!  
　　53. A. none &\_iOw8  
　　B. few j)q\9#sI/(  
　　C. any i&n'N8D@  
　　D. some cv`~y'?D  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 C`q@X(_  
　　全部倒装 4f<$4d^md  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 4"Hye&O  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. ~zw]5|  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. fDP$ sW  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ,UuH}E  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ]~Z6 ;  
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