2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 hUlFP  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 O9>/WmLe  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ?NHh=H\7u  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 aMj3ov8p  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ul% q6=f)  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. zR`]8E]  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. vO&1F@  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). PqP)<d'/  
　　真题剖析 @7BH`b$)!  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them.  52%.^/  
　　45. A. For >eU;lru2Q  
　　B. As 7 v\OS-  
　　C. With (oTx*GP>Y  
　　D. Because e j`lY  
　　练习： _ :][{W#  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. *J%
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　　8. A. is ;xj
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　　B. having \GPWC}V\s  
　　C. being
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　　D. be @h$7C<  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 &d~6MSk  
　　虚拟语气(2) UHxXa*HyI  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 sM-k,0z  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 2P]rJ  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 $osDw1C  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 $)PNf'5Zg  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 X}S<MA`  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ZgzrA&6  
　　would rather +动词过去式 .Z9Bbab:  
　　真题剖析 EpPKo  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 8vchLl#  
　　47. A. do 
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　　B. did m}8c.OJ>K`  
　　C. don’t E*k=8$Y  
　　D. didn’t E?%rmdyhL!  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. c!6.D  
　　53. A. ordered ?L7z\b"_~  
　　B. pleaded Xi$uK-AHpj  
　　C. decided  X&(1DE  
　　D. demanded OCF=)#}qd  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. o_jVtEP  
　　15. A. took \vpUl  
　　B. would take (i&:=Bfn)  
　　C. will take 7)< &,BWc  
　　D. should take &@nI(PXv  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. _18) XR  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 9Yd<_B
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　　54.A. shall 1;S@XC>  
　　B.will E ekX|*  
　　C.would ZC@Pfba[`  
　　D.should #8rLB(  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 :[,-wZiT~6  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 f6u<.b  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) <Zn]L:  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) bRfac/:}  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 d3<7t  
　　真题剖析 Z` T]jm-3  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. :)p\a1I[*  
　　60. A. dropped xo a1='  
　　B. to drop /R!:ll2  
　　C. dropping e?,n>  
　　D.drops n#|ljC  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. gE\&[;)DB  
　　59. A. destructive 3f@@|vZF  
　　B. dissatisfied A+de;&  
　　C. damaged J;|a)Nw  
　　D. derivative @IhC:Yc  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 +saXN6  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 "ngULpb{R  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. }IEwGoDwNs  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !mHMFwvS  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 B\S}*IE  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. =HMa<"-8  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 /s*.:cdH  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 >m]LV}">O  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). DK)T2{:  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 cX7 O*5C  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. VKV :U60  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) bd]9kRq1K  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) I+=+ ,iXhB  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 5`Q j<
  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Y<L35 ?  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. `AYq,3V  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ?4A/?Z]ub  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. cbN;Kv?ak}  
　　真题剖析 CP~mKmMV  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. _%q~K (::  
　　53. A. none KL 3Z(  
　　B. few `78Bv>[A  
　　C. any ],_+J*  
　　D. some 0:f]&Ng  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 7:,f|>  
　　全部倒装 'IG@JL'  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ~:{ 05W  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. m8ts!6C  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ^|H={pd'c0  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) N+'j on}U  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. l|=4FIMD  
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