2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 b uOpHQn  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 Gzw9E.Hk  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 9h/JW_  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 {4^NZTjd@  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) F~Sw-b kSf  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. sBq
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　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. {W11+L{8  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ,
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　　真题剖析 &$NYZ3?9  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. |x+g5~$  
　　45. A. For {Lg]chJq?  
　　B. As 8:gUo8  
　　C. With HS@ EV iht  
　　D. Because 0@LC8Bz+'  
　　练习： d9Uv /VGp  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ={G0p=~+,p  
　　8. A. is `3?5Z/,y  
　　B. having `)TuZP_)  
　　C. being !e?2 x@J  
　　D. be _L% =Q ulu  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 FByA
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　　虚拟语气(2) }MIg RQ9  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 EN/r{Cm$B  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 yB5JvD ?  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 S.R|Bwj}(Y  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 77H" =  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 sIzy/W0iV  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 b<27XZ@  
　　would rather +动词过去式 A/sM ?!p>_  
　　真题剖析 | {Tq/  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … Qpocj:  
　　47. A. do V/Q/Uj
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　　B. did BF/l#)$y
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　　C. don’t _V,bvHWlM  
　　D. didn’t cq"#[y$r  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. !X4m6gRaP  
　　53. A. ordered uN
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　　B. pleaded 2#Du5d   
　　C. decided dZ|x `bIgs  
　　D. demanded Dg}$;PK  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Mhu|S)hn  
　　15. A. took "0aJE1)p:  
　　B. would take 5pH6]$  
　　C. will take ZVz`g]  
　　D. should take 6PT"9vR`)  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. }v6@yU  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) \p#_D|s/Ep  
　　54.A. shall Slv91c&md,  
　　B.will `+!F#.  
　　C.would u;9a/RI  
　　D.should 5;X r0f  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 \k3EFSm  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 nL+y"O  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) g\1|<jb3  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ;r}yeISf  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 |4rq j1*U  
　　真题剖析 O>d [;Q  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ) uTFId  
　　60. A. dropped Sq]QRI/  
　　B. to drop 5c$\DZ(  
　　C. dropping Z8`Y}#Za[  
　　D.drops X#tCIyK,nV  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. N(%(B  
　　59. A. destructive + />f?+  
　　B. dissatisfied [1e]_9)p  
　　C. damaged .Nk5W%7]=  
　　D. derivative B Q2N_*v  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Vwb_$Yi+]  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 kK:U+`+  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. og&-P=4O  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Qna*K7kv  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 PMT}fg  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. $b)t`r+  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 VaA.J  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 S]NT+XM  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). _9'hmej  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 *fz#B/_o  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. biV NZdA  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) <[K3Prf C  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 4s@Tn>%SP  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. >+DMTV[O  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _l2_) ~  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. L1f=90  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 8tVSa i8[  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. %cBOi_}}~  
　　真题剖析 N6`U)=2o>h  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ]E)\>Jb  
　　53. A. none &xZSM,  
　　B. few 7 IJn
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　　C. any \(--$9  
　　D. some 3D^cPkX  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 }=Xlac_U  
　　全部倒装 EM`'=<)V  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” T+B8SZw#}!  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. eiXl"R^  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. [!MS1vc;  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) }Q@~_3,UJ  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. =:!>0~  
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