2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 1P !)4W  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 d2`g,~d  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 5)!g.8-!  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 W7qh1}_%  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) {-\U)&6#v  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. \~ D(ww  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. xak)YOLRV  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 6eV#x%z@v'  
　　真题剖析 $y8-JR ~  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. LORcf1X/  
　　45. A. For 1hG#  
　　B. As S\A/*!%~y  
　　C. With _? gCOr  
　　D. Because ~lw9sm*2v2  
　　练习： JX
B)'d0  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 8<6H2~5<  
　　8. A. is L^sjV/\oW  
　　B. having ?_NKyiu95  
　　C. being N[e,){v  
　　D. be RxP H[7oZ  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 <CyU9`ye  
　　虚拟语气(2) }|DspO  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 o:Fq|?/e  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 oW3"J6,S  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 |6E_N5~  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 /WuYg OI  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 1R2IlUlzFr  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 \2\{c1df  
　　would rather +动词过去式 jf9+H!?^N  
　　真题剖析 !jj`Ht)  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … jeC=s~  
　　47. A. do L+am-k:T~  
　　B. did RzEzNV  
　　C. don’t $^]K611w9  
　　D. didn’t ^hIdmTf6  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 7r:h_r-  
　　53. A. ordered vF72#BNs  
　　B. pleaded PYkhY;*  
　　C. decided QNNURf\[(  
　　D. demanded I?e5h@uE  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. jZXa R  
　　15. A. took )^j_O^T5  
　　B. would take Y}? 8  
　　C. will take ')m!48  
　　D. should take 4EB\R"rWXf  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. a|ufm^F  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) /fI}QY1  
　　54.A. shall cAWn*%  
　　B.will o@:"3s  
　　C.would $RD~,<oEm  
　　D.should 'a~@q~!  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 A}9Z%U  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 +-izC%G  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) U&^q#['  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) R/hf"E1  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 n:@!vV   
　　真题剖析 oRV}Nz7hr  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. xGd60"w2  
　　60. A. dropped }k^uup*{  
　　B. to drop ]J7qs
Mw  
　　C. dropping i5e10@Q{  
　　D.drops IiYL2JS;t|  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ]2AOW}=  
　　59. A. destructive 3smk
Y  
　　B. dissatisfied [txOh!sxD  
　　C. damaged B,>02EZ  
　　D. derivative T.bFB+'E|  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 %cF`x_h[j  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 sI>w#1.m/&  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ^~4]"J};M  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 3",gjXmBu  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 v?8WQ
Ny  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ghQ B  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 !3b& S 4  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 )nN!% |J  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). >"W^|2
R  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 LU3pCM{  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. &PMQ]B  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 6H#:rM  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) h:Pfiw]  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. |Ajd$+3  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) =*UK!y?n  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. +Mj6.X  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 bT:u|/I  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. i/>k_mG$d  
　　真题剖析 ?2@^O=I  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. {&1L &f<  
　　53. A. none fUw:jExz  
　　B. few i?T-6
{3I  
　　C. any \Ec<ch[)c  
　　D. some N&8$tJ(hhx  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 Y9.3`VX  
　　全部倒装 [@i:qB>B  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” f+e"`80$*C  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. .@H:P  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. =,XCjiBeC  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) LnR>!0:c  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ' m<Lx _i  
XYU5.