（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 Z_H?WGO
1. 充当句子的状语。 `|$'g^eCL
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 qysTjGwa]
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 %*wzO9w4
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 00ofHZ
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. HTmI1
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Hd9XfU
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). M
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真题剖析 veeI= =]
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. LL&ud_Y
45. A. For [4sEVu}
B. As M=O Cz gj
C. With E<tK4?i"
D. Because :\XI0E
练习： x2co>.i
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. H&#{l)
8. A. is ~ 3^='o
B. having Lxv6!?v|
C. being ~vH
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D. be > _ <'D
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 sIy
虚拟语气(2) rYY$wA@
1. (should)+动词原形 ]PW DE"
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 $<nCXVqL,
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 1|{bDlmt
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 +x= )/; :
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ljC(L/I
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Ej=3/RBsV
would rather +动词过去式 #*9-d/K
真题剖析 :XG;r u%i
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …
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47. A. do ~j>D=!
B. did q5x[~]?
C. don’t 0Y
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D. didn’t H OoPrB m
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. -d+aV1n
53. A. ordered 69m
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B. pleaded bWWXc[O2&(
C. decided 8uNULob
D. demanded 0AK,&nbF
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. N
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15. A. took L< ^j"!0
B. would take S! Rc|6y%
C. will take o*WY=
D. should take \Ig68dFf%
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 54lu2
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) IU FH:w]
54.A. shall in+}/mwfC
B.will Q;11N7+
C.would ">f erhN9
D.should Hnknly
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 -fhN"B)
动名词、分词、不定式。 Y8M ] L wj
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) **9x ?s
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) gE #>RM5D
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 [Wd-Zn%
真题剖析 !!@A8~H
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 4BnSqw a_
60. A. dropped Lg8nj< TF
B. to drop mc=LP>uoS
C. dropping zvABU+{jD
D.drops co Yij
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. UOQEk22
59. A. destructive D
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B. dissatisfied 6'\6OsH
C. damaged oIUy -|
D. derivative < ZU=6Hq
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 06j
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 +`? Y?L^
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. [O:
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !i=nSqW
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 xf|mlHS+
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. R |i/lEq
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 kdGT{2u
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 bWOS `5
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). K~ ;4 5Z2
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 q^6 +!&"
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. |_u aS
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) $s<Ne{?
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) a# c6[!
He no less than John is interested in literature. WxF:~{
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _{M\Bs2<
Either my father or my brothers are coming. \>Efd
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 EUIIr4]
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. t(="h6i
真题剖析 Q
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. s: 3z'4oX
53. A. none .L~Nq%g1
B. few JMTvSXr
C. any w9|w2UK
D. some %$TGzK 1
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 G t wT
全部倒装 {W##^L~
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” [V}S <Xp
There stand big buildings in this district. uPniLx\t:
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. T 6~_Q}6
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Pzb|t+"$
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. +kFxi2L6
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