2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 3B|o   
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 jxr~cp?4  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 6nRD:CH)X  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 Khxl'qj  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ?8n`4yO0  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. MDS;qZx=  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. aQaO.K2  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). F"3PP ~  
　　真题剖析 R1FBH:Iu  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. X/
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　　45. A. For .3&zP  
　　B. As D`LcL|nm H  
　　C. With CC>]Gc7  
　　D. Because C-$S]6  
　　练习： n=n!Hn  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. LzS@@']  
　　8. A. is a
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　　B. having K<KyX8$P0  
　　C. being /PAxPZf_  
　　D. be l-"$
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　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 `6b!W0$ -  
　　虚拟语气(2) HP2]b?C  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 DJ;G0*  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 b}p0&%I
 
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 hV/$6 8A_  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 )%U&z>^P  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 =u(. Y  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 IDb|J%e^P  
　　would rather +动词过去式 oW(p (>  
　　真题剖析 7E4=\vM  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . …  ;OQ{  
　　47. A. do -4o6OkK<  
　　B. did <XX\4[wb  
　　C. don’t Qi#%&Jz>f  
　　D. didn’t /NaIMo5  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 8l0%:6XbI  
　　53. A. ordered 6$w)"Rq  
　　B. pleaded bN@V=C3  
　　C. decided @kn0f`  
　　D. demanded 'H<?K  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 3Ln~"HwP  
　　15. A. took a;D{P`%n  
　　B. would take f@Rn&&-  
　　C. will take mdR:XuRD"t  
　　D. should take 7^#f<m;Ar!  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ~mx me6"v  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) aR ao\Wp|  
　　54.A. shall Tk9u+;=6$  
　　B.will MQY^#N  
　　C.would \@vR*E  
　　D.should mK5<;$  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 "]Wrir?l  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 E!&A[TlX\  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Nt 9M$?\P  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) *x2+sgSf_0  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 /Y:&307q  
　　真题剖析 '{p/F $  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. d76k1-m\o  
　　60. A. dropped 3~}G~ t  
　　B. to drop wd2GKq!  
　　C. dropping P%
_cIR  
　　D.drops sxIvL7jl  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. trcG^uV  
　　59. A. destructive 7T9m@  
　　B. dissatisfied eRc+.m[  
　　C. damaged C']TO/2q
 
　　D. derivative [Hw  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 6x|"1 G{  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 I.BsKB  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. &HBqweI  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. F5la:0fb  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 \JmfQrBQ  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Otq`45  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 6Y?%G>$6  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 kHLpa/A  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). P7ktr?V0a  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ML@-@BaN  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !kCMw%[  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) wM
Fo8;L  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 4Ufx,]  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. #=@H-ZuD7  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 4#hDt^N~  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. #m>Rt~(,S  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 OSP#FjH  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. /tIR}qK  
　　真题剖析 LF o{,%B  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. A8Z2o\+  
　　53. A. none 9{&APxm  
　　B. few 5WhR|  
　　C. any BC!n;IAe  
　　D. some WH:[Y7D  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 ?naPti1GX  
　　全部倒装 IX/FKSuq  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” W?+U%bIZ9  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. %Xm3m0nsv{  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 1X-KuGaD  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) x0t&hY>P!  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. >y P`8Oq[  
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