(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 }'{(rU
1. 充当句子的状语。 QdRMp
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2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 c
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3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 Tx xc-$z
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 4
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例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. t
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ^TjFR*S'E
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ks{s
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真题剖析 ] *Hz'
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ,s2.l/5r;C
45. A. For &sRyM'XI
B. As NubD
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C. With crT[;w
D. Because p?`N<ykF<
练习: 6nwO:?1o9
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. J@5 OZFMZ
8. A. is D^u{zZy@e
B. having 2.[qcs3zl
C. being /t/q$X
D. be fx|9*|E
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 07#!b~N
虚拟语气(2) Yv;aQF"a
1. (should)+动词原形 [ M'1aBx^
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 V+8+ 17^
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 =_86{wlk
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 W)_B(;$]
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 Y}6)jzBV
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 NX;&V7
would rather +动词过去式 }lY-_y
真题剖析 0QpWt
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 9D<HJ(
47. A. do . FruI#99
B. did $X?V_K;9/
C. don’t t|q=NK/
D. didn’t fP|\1Y?CS
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. BpC Sf.zZ
53. A. ordered 'UyL%h;nJ
B. pleaded 5Zov<+kE
C. decided AM[:Og S
D. demanded 87Kx7CKF"
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. wnX6XyUH
15. A. took
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B. would take _=] FJhO
C. will take SS`C0&I@p
D. should take liTr3T`,V
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. V*aTDU%-.
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) NO$Nl/XM
54.A. shall 0#JBz\
B.will U
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C.would J0 P
D.should _X[c19q
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ;vitg"Zh>
动名词、分词、不定式。 Q?@G>uz
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) J[l K
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Ce:ds%
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 4Z] 35*
真题剖析 %vXQ
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Zux2VepT
60. A. dropped [7V]=] p
B. to drop ooQ( bF
C. dropping .yPx'_e
D.drops H~Cfni;
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. _HsvF[\[
59. A. destructive C)w*aU,(
B. dissatisfied mxGN[%ve
C. damaged fsd>4t:"\
D. derivative %Qq)=J<H;
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 I>aa'em
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 c29Z1Zs2)
How you got there doesn’t concern me. / 5Loj&!=
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Oe`t!&v
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 7w, FA
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. U5"Oh I
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 V
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 W<"\hQI
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 5g5NTm`=<
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 |T *qAJ8c
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. q;.]e#wvh
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 46Nf|~
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Wh5O{G@Ut
He no less than John is interested in literature. ?`
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) >N-%
Either my father or my brothers are coming. }3w b*,Sbz
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 i&)C,
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. D|9fHMg%
真题剖析 N1~$ +
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. _`>7
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53. A. none !U:s.^{
B. few r:4IKuTR
C. any ZGhoV#T@
D. some n5*7~K"C
(五)考博英语语法:倒装
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全部倒装 **w~
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” sA-W^*+
There stand big buildings in this district. q-
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. fMPq
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) O'|P|
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ^jjJM| a
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