2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ESt@%7.F  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 G@Y!*ZH*f  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 o7;#B)jWS  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ]~1Xx:X-  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) NLA/XZ  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. D<d4"*qo  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. HRxA0y=  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). U
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　　真题剖析 6@[7  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. BHa'`lCb  
　　45. A. For t}]R0O.s  
　　B. As HM(S}>  
　　C. With }hy, }2(8  
　　D. Because _pS |bqF  
　　练习： ,_(AiQK  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. H<`<5M8  
　　8. A. is bYKe5y=  
　　B. having m<X[s   
　　C. being m=hUHA,p4  
　　D. be B<" `<oG@|  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ,s9gGCA  
　　虚拟语气(2) :ENdF `nC  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 (L3Etan4RE  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 _sGmkJi]  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Ad ma~]T9  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 iUua!uC  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Oe["4C  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 /5$;W'I  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ^I CSs]}1  
　　真题剖析 R#^.8g)t  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ._i|+[  
　　47. A. do zvgy$]y'\  
　　B. did s9)U",  
　　C. don’t ZZu{ct9  
　　D. didn’t 7H l>UX,|  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. nign"r  
　　53. A. ordered _*m<Z;Et  
　　B. pleaded =+z+`
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　　C. decided aVvma=  
　　D. demanded . \t8s0A  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. `i:DmIoz  
　　15. A. took PptVneujI  
　　B. would take [(rT,31cW  
　　C. will take ?bH&F  
　　D. should take 6|G&d>G$_  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. xk*&zAt  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 77b^d9! ~  
　　54.A. shall I?&/J4o:  
　　B.will
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　　C.would 1]A$  
　　D.should 9,wD  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 7M/v[dwL  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ZccvZl ;b  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) g2;lEW  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) tiGBjTPt  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 yiw4<]{IX  
　　真题剖析 lHUd<kEC  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. bEKhU\@=J  
　　60. A. dropped Xwo%DZKN  
　　B. to drop ![i)_XO  
　　C. dropping uc>":V  
　　D.drops ?KtF!:_C  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. {vq| 0t\-  
　　59. A. destructive l0 8vF$k|d  
　　B. dissatisfied ObfRwZh?q  
　　C. damaged v YJ9G"E  
　　D. derivative 4_`(c1oA  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Kh$Q9$  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 3=Q:{  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 6_s(Kx>j  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. eaC%&k  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 `*l aUn  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ,$} xPC  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 M!46^q~-  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 _U_O0@xi  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). o! l Ykud  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 o1vK2V  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. q;}iW:r&Q  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) _u+ 7>  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) %vv`Vx2  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. P6&%`$  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 9Ta0Li  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. CLTkyS)C  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 V)5K/U{  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. |UlG@Mn  
　　真题剖析 /Kd7#@  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. b[GhI+_  
　　53. A. none (6.uNLr  
　　B. few 1~'jC8&J  
　　C. any cGiL9|k  
　　D. some +J|H~`  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 o K>(yC[  
　　全部倒装 oNtoqYw
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　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .[}G{%M~[  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. f"KrPx!^b  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. <n4`#d  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Bb:C^CHIQm  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 'L7qf'RV  
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