（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 !vqC+o>@
1. 充当句子的状语。 dk5|@?pe
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 7>.OVh<
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 4('JwZw\!
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) wK5_t[[
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. NPU^) B
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. HYClm|
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). v|@1(
真题剖析 X
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ,)#.a%EKA
45. A. For %J P!{mqj
B. As c ~Kc7}I
C. With 1i-[+
D. Because {8CWWfHCD
练习： _w u*M
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 7'j9rmTXs
8. A. is )U98
B. having Rt4di^v
C. being CT"Fk'B'
D. be 5 si}i'in
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 UKs$ W `
虚拟语气(2) htHv&
1. (should)+动词原形 TA;,>f*
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 > V%Q O>C
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 V yt
E
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 P|}\/}{`
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 *zQOJsg"e
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 K-@bwB7~s
would rather +动词过去式 _E
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真题剖析 otnV-7 )@
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ~CFMIQ et
47. A. do e^frVEV
B. did {3 o% d:
C. don’t a L)$b
D. didn’t yWuIu>VJ
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. %UG/ak%z
53. A. ordered t aV|YP$
B. pleaded t |=n1\=?
C. decided qw0~ *0
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D. demanded T{Hf P
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. , \>g
15. A. took 1^sb T[%R
B. would take yk#rd~2Z0
C. will take Hdna{@~
D. should take Cqa3n[Mhw1
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. \7DCwu[0M
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) p XNtN5@FQ
54.A. shall $w `veP
B.will `\e'K56W6
C.would E6Q91Wz9f
D.should >vxWx[fRu
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 7YD\ !2b
动名词、分词、不定式。 $~ VcQ
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 2_I+m Q
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) PbQE{&D#
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ^T+<!k
真题剖析 ^@Y9!G=
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. w&9F>`VET
60. A. dropped flPZ lL
B. to drop W QTendS
C. dropping ID+,[TM`
D.drops +O,V6XRr
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. P2 |} *h5(
59. A. destructive do*Wx2:
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B. dissatisfied "LXXs0
C. damaged EO"=\C,
D. derivative O${r^6Hh
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 { . cB >L
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 H]U "+52h
How you got there doesn’t concern me. D`8E-Bq
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Fu#Y7)r
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 %odw+PhO
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Mi<*6j0
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 s!bHS_\e|
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 rnJS[o0
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ZjE~W>pkQ
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 F= :F>6`
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Wn b)*pPP
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) pVdhj^n
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) U 9bFUK/z
He no less than John is interested in literature. "tpvENz2s
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Pxap;;\
Either my father or my brothers are coming. !d/`[9jY
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 9Y; }JVS
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. \XZU'JIO
真题剖析 *4zoAs lU1
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. g]:..W 7
53. A. none AviT+^7E
B. few 3xc:Y>
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C. any h]G6~TYI5
D. some <t% Ao,"
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 f:)]FHPB1
全部倒装 e,P Q)1
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” =iA"; x
There stand big buildings in this district. 5;r({ J
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. y}s
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Tom}sFl][
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. qg/Y;tGSx
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