(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 }dSFv
1. 充当句子的状语。 xG(:O@
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 VKi3z%kwK
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 +PO& z!F
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) obw:@i#
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ~'):1}KN]
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. K$M,d-
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). [ HjGdC
真题剖析 Q?%v b
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. *1}vn%wvn
45. A. For CjA}-ee
B. As vaZ?>94
C. With |nO}YU\E
D. Because >2)!w
练习: 7M9s}b%?
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. $w<~W1\:
8. A. is J15$P8J
B. having q}5&B=2pM
C. being ;"GI~p2~7
D. be ^F1zkIE
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 GgjBLe=C
虚拟语气(2) jfrUOl'l
1. (should)+动词原形 B6vmBmN
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 x9CI>l
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 (.3L'+F
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句
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部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 J XnPKAN
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 =U".L
would rather +动词过去式
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真题剖析 aa1XY&G"!
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … i]LK,'
47. A. do |qNrj~n@
B. did <FK7Rz:4T
C. don’t z_l3=7R
D. didn’t qkUr5^1
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. I}v'n{5(
53. A. ordered L}a3!33)C
B. pleaded |H_)u
C. decided Yhw* `"X
D. demanded BK d(
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. OEwfNZQ-
15. A. took .DvAX(2v
B. would take {M~!?#<K
C. will take }lb.3fqiA
D. should take 4COf H7Al9
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. T&2
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 1aT$07G0
54.A. shall z"O-d<U5
B.will Nb9pdkf0
C.would %ej"ZeM
D.should Elq8WtS
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 8Z!ea3kAT
动名词、分词、不定式。 &4[iC/}
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) -?'CUm*Od
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ^,5.vfES
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 uR%H"f
真题剖析 #?=cg]v_
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Z%R%D*f@y
60. A. dropped FTfA\/tl(;
B. to drop IXN4?=)I
C. dropping lBdF9F<
D.drops $(R)
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. M::iU_
59. A. destructive 5!zvoX9
B. dissatisfied >i%w'uU
C. damaged Fc~w`~tv
D. derivative /8>/"Z2S
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 F/SsiUBS
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 %6'D!H?d
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Z5L1^
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. )X;cS}
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 i_Z5SMZ
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. EiN)TB^]
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 dt+
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 R?~h7 d
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). vqOLSE"t*O
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 [?@wCY4=
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 78CJ
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) V55J[s*6!
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等)
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He no less than John is interested in literature. oz6+rM6MY
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) NJf(,Mr*|
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 ` ]P5,
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. hdtnC29$
真题剖析 Z#6~N/b
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. - (_e=3$
53. A. none tNuC xb-
B. few E<CxKY9
C. any pl x/}ah8
D. some 3V
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(五)考博英语语法:倒装 r7"A u"
全部倒装 +#qt^NO
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” B >u,)
There stand big buildings in this district. { w8
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. gJPDNZ*6pk
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) Q6.*"`
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ~+<xFi
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