2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ]*P9=!x|M  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 =~JVU  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 @k{q[6c2n  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 L~f~XgQ  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) O[= L#wi  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. K!ILO  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 4L:O0Ggz}  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ?{aC-3VAT  
　　真题剖析 lusUmFm'*  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. E} ]=<8V  
　　45. A. For C9?mxa*z  
　　B. As #w%-IhP  
　　C. With /ojx$Um  
　　D. Because eCR
^$z=c  
　　练习： Rd7U5MBEF  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. %\-E R!b  
　　8. A. is dhA~Yu  
　　B. having ,\i XZ5"R  
　　C. being h2x9LPLBxT  
　　D. be ?;v\wx  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 tz2=l.1  
　　虚拟语气(2) Z[w}PN,xV  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 sgP{A}4
W  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 L3HC-  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 LDEc}XXb  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 fQC{LcS  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 k L6s49  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 jZ-s6r2=  
　　would rather +动词过去式 $%cHplQz5  
　　真题剖析 pl3ap(/  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … zMA;1Na  
　　47. A. do %m dtVQ@  
　　B. did j24 3oD  
　　C. don’t Dfzj/spFV  
　　D. didn’t =K0%bI  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. pD({"A.x9z  
　　53. A. ordered 9MfU{
4:;I  
　　B. pleaded R 39_!  
　　C. decided (eU4{X7  
　　D. demanded 9h6Oq(0b8  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. (o IGp  
　　15. A. took 8>[g/%W  
　　B. would take p,8~)ic_  
　　C. will take =3(Auchl$Y  
　　D. should take \\\8{jq  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Q*T'tkp  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) u*Xp%vNe  
　　54.A. shall hm73Zy
 
　　B.will i:aW .QZ.  
　　C.would V>T?'GbS  
　　D.should <$e|'}>A  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ~>(~2083*;  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 1X5g(B  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) GKo&?Tj)  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) #{|cSaX<  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 '+_>PBOc  
　　真题剖析 At:8+S<?A  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. e9[72V  
　　60. A. dropped G~<UP(G  
　　B. to drop iv$YUM+  
　　C. dropping Ll|_Wd.K,  
　　D.drops >E<ib[vK[  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. RJ3oI+gI  
　　59. A. destructive /jGBQ-X  
　　B. dissatisfied uem-fTG  
　　C. damaged x>[]Qk^?q  
　　D. derivative v,ssv{gU  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 EpAgKzVpJ  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 {o 24A:M  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4MS<t FH)  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. \A[l(aB  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 S\TXx79PhC  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Gk
Jcd;  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 O6;"cUv  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 s FFQ]ST2p  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Q|AZv>'!  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 >u$8Z  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. _HUbE /  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) zi-_l  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) J3_aHI  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. }sXTZX  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) y'_8b=*  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. X 0y$ xC|<  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ~29p|X<  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 4KH492Nq9  
　　真题剖析 WkTJ M  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. zU?O)w1'  
　　53. A. none ;Q;j@yx  
　　B. few L80(9Y^xn  
　　C. any I_J&>}V'  
　　D. some eTuqK23  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 75^6?#GS  
　　全部倒装 y}odTeq  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Gnkar[oa&  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. o<`hj&s  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. {D+mr[ %  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) B 71/nt9  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ,EB}IG]  
%**f`L%jN