2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 D}i_#-^MH  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 hO?RsYJ.F  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 I7C*P~32{n  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 b~Q8&z2  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Rzj
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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. n`TXmg  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. =G<i6%(^g  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). \ )'`F; P  
　　真题剖析 rEfo)jod  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them.
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　　45. A. For z4B-fS]  
　　B. As @!np 0#  
　　C. With |XV@/ZGl~  
　　D. Because "tX=^4
 
　　练习： /&jh10}H  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. @o/126(k  
　　8. A. is 7FBaN7l  
　　B. having =ICakh!TO  
　　C. being ~u^MRe|`  
　　D. be *Y\C5L]  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 :d{-"RAG"  
　　虚拟语气(2) xZc].l6  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 s%OPoRE  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 " > ]{t[Ib  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 M[1!#Q><!  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 tQYkH$e`/{  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 0<4Nf]i  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 B3NDx+%m  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ;GF+0~5>  
　　真题剖析 1Vi3/JM@
 
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . …  1Ht&;V  
　　47. A. do
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　　B. did 2zN"*Wkn  
　　C. don’t U5!~@XjG>  
　　D. didn’t Mq,2S  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. JK=0juv<E  
　　53. A. ordered k[<Uxh%  
　　B. pleaded tmVGJ+gz  
　　C. decided o4F?Rx,L  
　　D. demanded E9 6` aF{]  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. `-)Hot)  
　　15. A. took v
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　　B. would take SpJIEw  
　　C. will take (Ee5Af,4  
　　D. should take {,Z-GJ  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. <yg!D21Y  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Z#
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　　54.A. shall yO*HJpc
 
　　B.will ic=tVs  
　　C.would 1ww#]p`1  
　　D.should ~/m=
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　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 DU|>zO%  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 @CNe)&U  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Mv_-JE9#>o  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) }[mLtv%&  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 _/[}PQC6G  
　　真题剖析 X')t6DQ(I  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. k\<8h%
 
　　60. A. dropped g|=  1U  
　　B. to drop @wPyXl  
　　C. dropping Boj#r ,x  
　　D.drops Cc}3@Nf{/  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. h\lyt(.s  
　　59. A. destructive ,*m{ Q  
　　B. dissatisfied 8k9Yoht  
　　C. damaged \IX|{]*D  
　　D. derivative lEXI<b'2  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 dj2w_:&W  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 kHz?vVE/l  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 7!PU}[ :  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. oZ\zi> Y,  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 2ut)m\)/)  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. pF<KhE*V  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 1qm _Qs&  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 FM,o&0HSd  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). u3C0!{v  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 @d_9NOmNT  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. G]RFGwGt  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) >=K~*$&>  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 4Ul*`/ d  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 7bL48W<QD  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) +ux170Cd3  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. S N;1F  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Y/]J0D  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. m2v'zJd}g  
　　真题剖析 qk=OodEMK  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. chXTFLC~  
　　53. A. none {) wl`mw3  
　　B. few /NUu^ N  
　　C. any H+npe'm_Z  
　　D. some % |G"ZPO?  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 * TByAa{  
　　全部倒装 q8H9au&/  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” xcX^L84\  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. CGs5`a  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. +?^lnoX  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) wpa^]l  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. !yu-MpeG  
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