2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 iU=:YPE+.  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 b.}J'?yLm  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 L}_VT J  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 +apn3\_  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) iuM ,aF  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. _6YfPk+  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. :x^e T  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). XB:E<I'q!3  
　　真题剖析 V{\ 1qg{  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. }wJH@'0+  
　　45. A. For &0d5".|s  
　　B. As aqQ  U7  
　　C. With
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　　D. Because B&EUvY '  
　　练习： $H/: -v  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. F+W{R+6  
　　8. A. is O>" |5wj  
　　B. having v`@N R06  
　　C. being / IHF  
　　D. be o+- 0`!yj  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ]9wTAb  
　　虚拟语气(2) azRp4~2?  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 N,F[x0&?  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 k? ,/om1  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Ksk[sf?J&  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 20:![/7:!  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 P#rS.CIh  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ~ET XXu${I  
　　would rather +动词过去式 $wl_  
　　真题剖析 c;n\HYk  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … Q*e\I8R}  
　　47. A. do ~;t/VsgGW  
　　B. did z.tN<P7  
　　C. don’t UunZ/A$]m  
　　D. didn’t 3k/X;:,.  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home.
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　　53. A. ordered bH%d*  
　　B. pleaded D

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　　C. decided 7IrH(~Fo  
　　D. demanded xgvwH?<  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. L}K8cB  
　　15. A. took o76{;Bl\O  
　　B. would take &QFc)QP
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　　C. will take u$D%Iz  
　　D. should take ezS@`_pR;  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. zT>BC}~.b  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) lnK#q.]  
　　54.A. shall /?V-  
　　B.will Xwd9
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　　C.would &7r a  
　　D.should k[y^7,r  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 |FSp`P  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 @E>I<j,D  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ryb81.|  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) )^ PWr^  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 $<3^( y  
　　真题剖析 N@^:IfJ+=  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Tl1H2s=G-  
　　60. A. dropped Xv+,Z<>iQ  
　　B. to drop /<Z3x _c  
　　C. dropping u-QHV1H`(  
　　D.drops IsDwa qd|  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. oc#hAjB.  
　　59. A. destructive 'X`W+=T$  
　　B. dissatisfied as@? Kv  
　　C. damaged xqQK-?k  
　　D. derivative ph~BxK )i6  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 |
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　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 }y vH)q  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. bD-OEB  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. k$>5v +r0  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 '%YE#1*gH  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. >*Ej2ex  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 !OMCsUZ  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 p|@#IoA/e  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ^]Z@H/]H  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 /Z[HU{4  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 9'@G7*Yn  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) vKfjP_0$  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Xz9[0;Q  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. "oyB F CW  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) KP7 {  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 1g jGaC  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 +cKOIMu9  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. be$']}cP  
　　真题剖析 s+z5"3'n  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded.  eN\+  
　　53. A. none 9hh~u -8L  
　　B. few w'E?L`c  
　　C. any sZ;Gb^{Z  
　　D. some X(\L1N  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 !~vx|_$#  
　　全部倒装 H6Bw3I[  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” \Hf/8!q  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Z
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　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ael] {'h]  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) .!Kqcz% A  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Xo&\~b#-  
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