2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 q<^MC/]  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 sk:B;.z  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Ek_<2
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 C1l'<  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) O:~J_Wwl!  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. !&.-{ _$  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. e^x%d[sU  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). W|E %  
　　真题剖析 IAN={";p  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. [}l 90
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　　45. A. For `|v/qk7 ^?  
　　B. As yc`3)  
　　C. With q \fyp\z  
　　D. Because v046
 
　　练习： ?1O` Rd{tn  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. EDh-pK  
　　8. A. is LCzeE7x  
　　B. having 9:=:P>  
　　C. being Bc-/s(/Eq  
　　D. be m6}_kzFz  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 jaavh6h)  
　　虚拟语气(2) 9`"#OQPn1  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 j
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　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ""_G4{  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 l]Ym)QP  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 %""h:1/S  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 - yBj7F|  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 \I<R.49oW  
　　would rather +动词过去式 3-1a+7fD  
　　真题剖析 ]$sb<o .a  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … -XK;B--c  
　　47. A. do O,v C:av  
　　B. did 1,]FLsuy  
　　C. don’t V\]j^$  
　　D. didn’t ukc 7Z OQ  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. j+q)  
　　53. A. ordered dD ~H ft  
　　B. pleaded <r>Sj/w<D  
　　C. decided ]:'

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　　D. demanded _IV!9 JL   
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. KK6z3"tk5  
　　15. A. took D`'Cnt/  
　　B. would take  Hi/[  
　　C. will take sX3qrRY  
　　D. should take iWFtb)3B  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 7sWe32  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 'O.f}m SS  
　　54.A. shall 8t)gfSG  
　　B.will b?lRada{I  
　　C.would ;cPPx`0$9  
　　D.should YK$[)x\S  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 %;= ?r*]  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 N`3^:EJL8  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) {.[EXMX  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)  #n15_cd  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。
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　　真题剖析 }m%&|:PH  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ~-uf%=  
　　60. A. dropped R#8cOmZ  
　　B. to drop YjJ^SU`*  
　　C. dropping V[]Pya|s+  
　　D.drops U
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　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. #Ufb  
　　59. A. destructive 9V&+xbR&  
　　B. dissatisfied UL#:!J/34  
　　C. damaged SDNRcSbOD6  
　　D. derivative 72J=_d>+  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 b` j9}tZ  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 $>uUn3hSx\  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4,h)<(d{  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Qp)?wny4  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 tX@y ]"  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. +ZiYl[_|  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 1OMaY5F  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 }R5EuR m\  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). x _d   
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 M8\/[R\  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. P?c V d2Y  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) gzH;`,  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) MtF0/aT  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. j)@{_tv6;  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) bwP@}(K  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 2J$vX(  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 llh +r?  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. V>Xg\9B_  
　　真题剖析 n5BD0q  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. `'EG7  
　　53. A. none < .e4  
　　B. few c+T`X?.j  
　　C. any +oO7UWs>6  
　　D. some ;#IrHR*Bk  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 _/
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　　全部倒装 .]zZwB  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ~&F|g2:  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. T"C.>G'[B  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. (18ZEKk  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) )\2KDXc  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 77aUuP7Iw  
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