2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ij?]fXf:)y  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 n]l 3 )u  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 w1F)R^tU  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 $RRh}w\0^  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) @O6 2}F  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. h}m9L!+n8  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. &u2m6 r>W  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Yv
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　　真题剖析 'vZWkeo  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. dt=M#+g  
　　45. A. For L[+4/a!HQ  
　　B. As oC!z
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　　C. With &$pQ Jf  
　　D. Because 6SAYe%e  
　　练习： 8js1m55KT  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. \%W"KLP  
　　8. A. is "GxQ9=Z  
　　B. having 9~r8$,e  
　　C. being b u/GaE~  
　　D. be <{HV|B7  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ~f8:sDJ  
　　虚拟语气(2) Qyj:!-o  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 0n?^I>j  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 SQG9m2  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 oH e thk  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ir;az{T#U  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 NF*Z<$'%  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Cj6$W
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　　would rather +动词过去式 N<HJ}geC"  
　　真题剖析 pc](  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … l4E0/F  
　　47. A. do Q,>]f@m  
　　B. did eC$
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　　C. don’t u5
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　　D. didn’t >Cglhsb:N  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. MB?762Q  
　　53. A. ordered h`MTB!o  
　　B. pleaded ^#z*   
　　C. decided ;<K#h9#*7  
　　D. demanded z dUSmb  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 5oY^;)\/  
　　15. A. took ,D{D QJ(B  
　　B. would take 8]% e[  
　　C. will take 3TnrPO1E  
　　D. should take zHQSx7Ow 5  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. .QM>^(o$Z  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) sK|+&BC
 
　　54.A. shall OP\m~1  
　　B.will &]1gx#  
　　C.would t|}}#Z!I[f  
　　D.should /9@VnM  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 h5 PZ?Zd  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ee .,D  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ?%i~~hfH#N  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) e#|YROHf  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 3V0^v  
　　真题剖析 KWiP`h8  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Z3z"c B  
　　60. A. dropped Nu7l PEM  
　　B. to drop !4(QeV-=  
　　C. dropping "<yJ<lS&>  
　　D.drops gH|:=vfYUR  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. Apc!!*7  
　　59. A. destructive ow K)]t  
　　B. dissatisfied `]wk)50BVp  
　　C. damaged F%G} >xn  
　　D. derivative p?'&P!  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ^W,~  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 @5*$yi 'Cp  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. L=V.@?  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering.  /J[s5{  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 sff4N>XAl<  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 28LYG rB  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 f}w_]l#[G  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 5
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　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). <j:@ iP  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 WGHf?G/s  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. W7"Uh M  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) p;.M.  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) |X;|=
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　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 'C) v?!19  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) >Xw0i\G  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. R$i-
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　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ~9n30j%]s  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. #M@~8dAH}M  
　　真题剖析 2BV]@]qB  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. Ik-E_U2  
　　53. A. none in`|.#  
　　B. few ;2[),k  
　　C. any 6o4Y]C2W{1  
　　D. some 63/a 0Yn  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 bD.KD)5  
　　全部倒装 |!{Y:f;  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 17-B'Gl!<%  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. y%O^Zm1  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ~bsdy2&/q  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) z `jLKPP!=  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. % _nmv  
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