（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 )dfwYS*[n
1. 充当句子的状语。 LUzn7FZk
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 lS G]{
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 |@BX*r
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) <!q_
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. C@3UsD\s(
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ]
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). oTg
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真题剖析 n.=Zw2FE
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. jo BS{]
45. A. For OCELG~
B. As # ~Za N;u
C. With 9y*2AaxW
D. Because
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练习： & zv!cf
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. #$;}- *
8. A. is ~3)d ?{5
B. having 8?1MnjhX10
C. being /vI"v 4
D. be |W*5<2Q9
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ^<3{0g-"AW
虚拟语气(2) o wx0J,,G
1. (should)+动词原形 tL M@o|:
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 n&2OfBJ
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 7Vu f4Z
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 85USMPF
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ( 7ujJ}#,
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 niyI$OC
would rather +动词过去式 J:@yG1VIp
真题剖析 \Vpv78QF;
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Dutc#?bT
47. A. do v'm-A d+4t
B. did _WZ{ i,
C. don’t CjEzsjqe<I
D. didn’t UOyM=#ipY
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 7\N }QP0"u
53. A. ordered v\E6N 2.S
B. pleaded <7! "8e
C. decided i-?mgh e8
D. demanded % K,cGgp^)
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. NkoyEa/^[
15. A. took 9I*2xy|I
B. would take uw/N `u
C. will take .<Ays?
D. should take !MVf(y$
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. MS:,I ?
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 5gk Q6& m
54.A. shall ^"~r/@l
B.will L c
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C.would $ @l=FV_;
D.should X"9N < )C
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 xm5?C>vu(
动名词、分词、不定式。 gW<4E=fl
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) WX]O1Y
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) lEw;X78 +
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ^ cE {Uv
真题剖析 dkY JO!
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. g7^|(!Y%
60. A. dropped =>kg]
B. to drop vz|(KN[
C. dropping ? JTTl;
D.drops :I2,
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ~d3@x\I?
59. A. destructive d`C$v j
B. dissatisfied gK( G1
C. damaged :R3iLy
D. derivative G
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（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 U bGnU_}
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 & }0QnO_mj
How you got there doesn’t concern me. x %9Ca)r?}
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ^Sj;~
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Qa\,)<'D:
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. [b& V^41W
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 x!vyjp
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 F6{/iF
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). <RpTk*Yo^=
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 U$y wO4.
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. xf8[&?
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) AWP grv /
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等)
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He no less than John is interested in literature. D U)q]'[u
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) %'=2Jy6h
Either my father or my brothers are coming. :Ny[?jt c
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 [s\8@5?E
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. tC oE4Ed
真题剖析 -q[x"Ha%
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 7cWeB5 e?O
53. A. none Iw`|,-|
B. few l:bbc!3
C. any dZ8ldpf8
D. some (v
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（五）考博英语语法：倒装 Y:#B0FD,gC
全部倒装 gdoaXw;Sy
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” =
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There stand big buildings in this district. -sdzA6dp
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. YlT&.G
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) z_ '!?K{
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. "#gS ?aS
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