（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 $RD~,<oEm
1. 充当句子的状语。 2dn ^K3
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 >xFvfuyC
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 sZ `Tv[
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 8D*7{Q
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ! ]4u"e
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. E]V,
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). \""^'pP@
真题剖析 ]Ry9{:
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. _7c3=f83
45. A. For 1By tu >2
B. As VPMu)1={:p
C. With RY-iFydPc
D. Because |XyX%5p*
练习： ~1G^IZ6
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. \:vF FK4a
8. A. is Y{Z&W9U
B. having *^?tr?e%I<
C. being vq$6e*A
D. be [,=?e
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 d4Uw+3ikW
虚拟语气(2) MAa9JA8kw)
1. (should)+动词原形 ]c(FgY c
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 {oQs*`=l>
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 (,Y[2_ Zv
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 oW^b,{~V
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 1/dL-"*0
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 P {Nvt/%
would rather +动词过去式 g~U( w
真题剖析 t{k:H4
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ff--y 8h
47. A. do u8f\)m
B. did +t!] nE #
C. don’t x'|ty[87
D. didn’t )*KMU?
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 1?'4%>kp
53. A. ordered Mc,79Ix"
B. pleaded 2Kxb(q"
C. decided J= A)]YE
D. demanded fU w:jE xz
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. i?T-6{3I
15. A. took \E c<ch[)c
B. would take N&8$tJ(hhx
C. will take P1F-Wy1
D. should take 7D'\z
IW
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 6[m~xegG
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) eMGJx "a
54.A. shall !W}sOK7#
B.will N{Sp-J>
C.would !)a_@ d.;i
D.should CJ<nU Iy'z
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 c=sV"r?
动名词、分词、不定式。 QK_5gD`$a,
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) rWht},-|1
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) .s{ "NqRA
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 0i~U(qoI
真题剖析 ~,lt^@a
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 1l-5H7^w2?
60. A. dropped S,5ok0 R
B. to drop
(?zg.y
C. dropping ~&Z>fgOTJ
D.drops 'z}
t= ?
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 66val" ^W
59. A. destructive "#C2+S
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B. dissatisfied c St)Na~C
C. damaged <+QdBp'd;
D. derivative ZSf &M
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 .SC *! ,
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 7I3_$uF
How you got there doesn’t concern me. qvn.uujYS
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. B&cIx~+
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 sq$v6x s l
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. e)sR$]i:v
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 .n<vhLDQn
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 vF^d40gV
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). sK2N3 B&6
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
v,<14w
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. <- I69`
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ;UQza ]i
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) lu.]R>w
He no less than John is interested in literature. h'*v$lt
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) @R&d<^ I&M
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 4!
dc/K
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Fi``l )Tt
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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真题剖析 ;e
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. / l$enexSt
53. A. none G*9(O:
B. few zsp%Cz7T
C. any
S f?;j{?G
D. some R*r4)+gd
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 h%/BZC^L]|
全部倒装 D?n6h\h\$%
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” a0|hLqI
There stand big buildings in this district. 03~ ADj
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 9,?~dx
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) B%tF|KKj
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 4aHogheg
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