2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 y}*J_7-  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 (8td0zq  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ,TlYQ/j%h  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 &[W53Lqa  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 4'#?"I  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. )F'r-I%Hi  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. sIzy/W0iV  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). a&!K5(  
　　真题剖析 r?2J 
 
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. S~hoAl"xb/  
　　45. A. For sH51 .JG  
　　B. As NiBly  
　　C. With f-`C1|\w  
　　D. Because UW'@3#<?  
　　练习： v(P5)R,  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ,FL*Z9wA  
　　8. A. is [w{x+6uX'  
　　B. having dLbSvK<(I  
　　C. being F$@(0c  
　　D. be V`m9+<.1b  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 nLY(%):(P  
　　虚拟语气(2) ."Q}2  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 LnPG+<  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 }= p+X:k=  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 "t%Jj89a\  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 v}TFM  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 D"CU J?  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 \)i,`bz  
　　would rather +动词过去式 U+,RP$r@  
　　真题剖析 Nxr\Yey  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … :!wl/X ~  
　　47. A. do 7Y5.GW\^  
　　B. did + />f?+  
　　C. don’t t==\D?Rt  
　　D. didn’t 3_"tds <L  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 4UHviuOo8  
　　53. A. ordered )Em`kle  
　　B. pleaded EHK+qrym  
　　C. decided P!I Lji!  
　　D. demanded Vfw H:  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. QD-`jV3  
　　15. A. took QH_Ds,oH=  
　　B. would take u4$R ZTC  
　　C. will take wVs"+4l<  
　　D. should take F` &W5[  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. %/ "yt}"|  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 8tVSa i8[  
　　54.A. shall 7$x%A &]  
　　B.will *Q
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　　C.would  O*.n;_&  
　　D.should Ow(aRWUZD_  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词
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　　动名词、分词、不定式。 gAVD-]`  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) I9m9`4BK  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) jGT|Xo>t  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 3V7WIj<  
　　真题剖析 KuW>^mF(I  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. , &
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　　60. A. dropped >; tE.
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　　B. to drop Q*M(d\Vs  
　　C. dropping .;qh>Gt  
　　D.drops <EcxNj1  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. \Rb:t}  
　　59. A. destructive \WbQS#Z9  
　　B. dissatisfied n>7aZ1Qa  
　　C. damaged gFrNk Uqp  
　　D. derivative BvH?d]%  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 2Q\\l @b\  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 0 q1x+  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. U]w"T{;@.)  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. c8Ud<M .  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 eB=&(ZT  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. -%gEND-AP  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 mF|KjX~s  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 kU=U u>  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Gk/cP`  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 [ p~,;%  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. `'sD(e  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) esQ$.L
 
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) #p55/54ZI  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. #. [eZ[  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 3fB]uq+eD%  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 4#7*B yvf  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Gyy4zK  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. h
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　　真题剖析 D>@NY qMF  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. {jmy:e2  
　　53. A. none Qubu;[0+a  
　　B. few m%apGp'=1  
　　C. any >5: O%zQ@  
　　D. some q~[sKAh  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 QDV+(  
　　全部倒装 #Xox2{~  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Q=fl!>P  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Es)|#0m\x@  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. nHk^trGm  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) F]?] |nZZ  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Wu'qp
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