2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 jdu6P+_8n  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 <3@nv%  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Xy 4k;+  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词  aY(s &  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) F9K`N8wlu  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. stUv!   
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. m?B=?;B9#  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ]1d)jWG  
　　真题剖析 $p0D9mF  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 0
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　　45. A. For fg#e*7Odn  
　　B. As Ea<\a1Tl43  
　　C. With 85Yi2+8f4  
　　D. Because hp2E! Cma  
　　练习： 6:B,ir _  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. {Hl(t$3V`  
　　8. A. is h~Z &L2V  
　　B. having ~zac.:a8  
　　C. being _[-MyUs  
　　D. be  XA;PWl5!  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 '*rS,y  
　　虚拟语气(2) L3wj vq^  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 UMd.=HC L  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 NdLe|L?c  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 T$2A2gb`  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 b' M"To@  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 F#<:ZByjJ@  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ]] 0M  
　　would rather +动词过去式 5p!{#r6m  
　　真题剖析 "A~dt5GJ  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … W[)HFh(#  
　　47. A. do }DjVZ48  
　　B. did {%>~ ]9E  
　　C. don’t dS 4/spNq  
　　D. didn’t Eb9h9sjv  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. H9TeMY  
　　53. A. ordered _^b\#Jz4U3  
　　B. pleaded z-We>KX  
　　C. decided $=E4pb4Y  
　　D. demanded L7rr/D  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. e#mf{1&  
　　15. A. took +0ukLc@  
　　B. would take iCiKr aW  
　　C. will take GOA dhh-  
　　D. should take (oy@j{G)c6  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. _$IWr)8f  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) |-{ Hy(9  
　　54.A. shall zJ8T.+qJ  
　　B.will Wkk(6gS,  
　　C.would MhE".ZRd  
　　D.should wY\,b*x  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 lbovwj  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ;5\'PrE  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Nes|4Z<  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) V!]|u ^4I  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 y7#+VF`xf  
　　真题剖析 TeZu*c  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. \oxf_4X  
　　60. A. dropped 8irTGA  
　　B. to drop R'B_YKHBY  
　　C. dropping o+}1M  
　　D.drops `:r-&QdU o  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. q$v0sTk0Y  
　　59. A. destructive n?OMfx  
　　B. dissatisfied %|JL=E}%|  
　　C. damaged };9/J3]m  
　　D. derivative RJDk7{(  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 $d-y G553  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 .%
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　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 1 7l?li  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. _f>)G 3p  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 2'W#x  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. e9:pS WA-n  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ^zqQ8{oV  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Z{#3-O<a+n  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Imzh`SI,  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 9
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　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ca0vN^Ji  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) dn=srbJ   
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) <]oPr1  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. N@'l:N'f4  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Z5wQhhH  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. '_K`1&#U  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 6b`
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　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. U/v)6:j)4R  
　　真题剖析 Ym -U{a  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. w}07u5
 
　　53. A. none ojj T  
　　B. few q~AvxO  
　　C. any Q3t%JP>;g  
　　D. some -biw {  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 _m#TL60m  
　　全部倒装 BTA2['  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Tn3C0  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. @JP6F[d  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. !([v=O#
 
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) C<^ S$  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. kAxJ#RG  
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