2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 9=$pV==  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 HD#>K 7  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 jA{BG_  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ( PH7nW7  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) >lM/\HO2  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 6X9$T1 1Vc  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. n;. M5}O  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 6bs-&Vf  
　　真题剖析 l'[;q '  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. ~pp< T  
　　45. A. For o=9 4H7@  
　　B. As CLZj=J2  
　　C. With O[$X36z  
　　D. Because sF)$<[w
 
　　练习： vv)w@A:Vn)  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. d~_5Jx  
　　8. A. is #t1? *4.p  
　　B. having Zjn1,\(t~u  
　　C. being mpD.x5jm<  
　　D. be GGwwdB\x'  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 -">Tvi4  
　　虚拟语气(2) dHOH]x  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 GD}rsBQNkJ  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Ow1+zltgj-  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 f#AuZ]h  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 3ONWu  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 "Ltp]nCR  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ~7j-OWz9  
　　would rather +动词过去式 1$# r)S[*  
　　真题剖析 tjV63`LD  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … @ >'Wiq!  
　　47. A. do SK/}bZ;f  
　　B. did zN9@.!?X2  
　　C. don’t &{WEtaXaa  
　　D. didn’t ;>>:7rdYt  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. GRL42xp'*D  
　　53. A. ordered N{RHbSa(  
　　B. pleaded FB +nN5D/  
　　C. decided 2&s(:=  
　　D. demanded biV|W@JM  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. |%X_<Cpk  
　　15. A. took {az LtTh  
　　B. would take `+KLE(]vyH  
　　C. will take S
)2Uoj  
　　D. should take RvVF^~u  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. XxB%  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) :SF8t`4`  
　　54.A. shall Q3)[ *61e  
　　B.will 1U~'8=-  
　　C.would V^9%+L+E5  
　　D.should ZZ0b!{qj3  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 K}S=f\Q]  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 NlG!_D"(y  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ok&v+A  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 6l>016 x  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 5FNf)F   
　　真题剖析 K,HR= 5  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. t&bE/i_T  
　　60. A. dropped t9 id^  
　　B. to drop DGAg#jh  
　　C. dropping *UG=dl#F#  
　　D.drops 8\Z/mU*4  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. !.={p8X-x  
　　59. A. destructive !3at(+4  
　　B. dissatisfied b(g?X (&  
　　C. damaged ^UpwVKdP  
　　D. derivative 5adB5)`  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 G|]39/OO3{  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 POUD*(DqNK  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. nxYp9,c"  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. W>7o ec  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 _9zydtw  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. )%5T*}j  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 d~J4&w  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 9L xj ]W2^  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). n
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　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 |LDo<pE*V4  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. sh"\ kk9  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) \TBY)_[ {  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) rj].bGQ,+  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. ztS'Dp}q<  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) sj@'C@oK  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. fOyLBixR  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 C[O \aW  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Ls^$E  
　　真题剖析 `cr.C|RT:  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ^*]0quu=z  
　　53. A. none 8BZDa iE"  
　　B. few "syf@[tz7  
　　C. any hQfxz,X  
　　D. some $fY4amX6Z  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 *lIK? "mo  
　　全部倒装 3RP}lb  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语”  jibrSz  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. DPNUm<>  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books.  E:&ga}h  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) |vnfY; ;z1  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. /tf}8d  
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