2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 uk\G Am@O  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 GbL,k?ey  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 0;XnNz3&  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 x`o_&09;CG  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) .0a$ E`V=D  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
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　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Y:byb68  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). $hEX,  
　　真题剖析 q-!m|<Z  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. gqC:r,a  
　　45. A. For ,$*IJeKx  
　　B. As 
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　　C. With `Zk?.1*2/  
　　D. Because J7l1-  
　　练习： Zd~Z`B} &  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.
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　　8. A. is 8<g5.$xyz  
　　B. having 5q8bM.k\7N  
　　C. being w>!KUT  
　　D. be "1l d4/  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 {WC{T2:8  
　　虚拟语气(2) Uh9$e
 
　　1. (should)+动词原形 r?Z8_5Y  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Put+<o <  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ikofJl]9  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 G_X'd  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 9cj:'KG)!  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 HZM&QZHx)`  
　　would rather +动词过去式 .=K@M"5&  
　　真题剖析 Z$+0gm\Cnw  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … %+`$Lb?{  
　　47. A. do ;up89a
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　　B. did e&wWlB![  
　　C. don’t #Ok*Or  
　　D. didn’t  DMf:u`<  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. QDy L0l{C  
　　53. A. ordered zQD$+q5h  
　　B. pleaded #,$d!l @  
　　C. decided :~g = n&x  
　　D. demanded `F(KM '  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. IEO5QV:u:  
　　15. A. took 9r8*'.K`Z  
　　B. would take p"Fj6T2  
　　C. will take 347p2sK>  
　　D. should take Rl-Sr  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *y F 9_\n  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 41,Mt  
　　54.A. shall p)Z$q2L  
　　B.will =3l%ZL/  
　　C.would IU/dY`J1  
　　D.should gHA"O@HgDI  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 V% psaT=)P  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 oJ>]=^?k  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) h0d;a  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 05.^MU?^U  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 t%V! SvT8+  
　　真题剖析 9:IVSD&"Rf  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ]xfu@''  
　　60. A. dropped @9-z8PyF  
　　B. to drop +A3@{2  
　　C. dropping '
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　　D.drops E9YR *P4$  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. +r"{$'{^  
　　59. A. destructive 6ix8P;;}#  
　　B. dissatisfied w?Cqe N  
　　C. damaged d.3-@^P  
　　D. derivative :4;ZO~eq!  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Zchs/C 9{  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 /Z94<}C6b  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4%0eX]  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. p
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　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 4 >at#Zc  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. nm_]2z O  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 s
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　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 !X[b 4p  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). K*xqQ]&  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 :GBWQXb G  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. [#.E=s+&  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) XXBN Nr_CK  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ~Pq1@ N>n  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. M_<O'Ii3  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 8*-8"It<"  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. g"Mqh!{ FI  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 8D@H4O.  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. $1y8gm  
　　真题剖析 B"rnSui  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. D~E1hr&Vd>  
　　53. A. none ?5_~Kn%2  
　　B. few fl#gWAM  
　　C. any kclClB:PS  
　　D. some ,\laqH\ 1%  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 SR7$m<0t*  
　　全部倒装 GVhO}m  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” {>PN}fk2QP  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. v]SHude{  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. &7"a.&*9xX  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) |:BKexjHL  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. G- wQ weJ9  
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