（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 `i{k^Q
1. 充当句子的状语。 eiLtZ Q
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 9 &'I?D& 8
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ^ia eY
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4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) !
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. )9,*s !)9
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. L_+0[A
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). )g4oUZDF
真题剖析 vFfvvRda4x
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. NJYx.TL
45. A. For ~ "l
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B. As qa ![oMKc
C. With 1B 3,lYBM
D. Because .js4 )$W^
练习： W7N Hr5RC
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. @ 4:cn
8. A. is O$
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B. having TJtW?c7
C. being <!,q :[ee5
D. be MCma3^/1
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 GS{:7%=j
虚拟语气(2) 4Uz:zB
1. (should)+动词原形 D<7S
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 8Gb=aF1
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 e,E;\x
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 yZ&By?.0
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 \3q{E",\>@
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ;hs:wLVa"
would rather +动词过去式 yh_s(
>sh
真题剖析 8 O{]ML
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … )ymF: ]QC
47. A. do }jU{RR%6B
B. did nGW
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C. don’t se_zCS4Y
D. didn’t jn\\,n"6
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ]CC=
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53. A. ordered uMsKF %m
B. pleaded S=aXmz<
C. decided 3|:uIoR{
D. demanded n 2#uH
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. %o4d4 3uZ
15. A. took #bu`W!p}
B. would take D~f.)kkC
4
C. will take |[34<tIN
D. should take W \f7fVU
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ;8
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54.A. shall 5! nZvv
B.will '&<-,1^L
C.would r)j#S kh].
D.should s?Q `#qD
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 WZ&#O#(eO`
动名词、分词、不定式。 j|aT`UH03
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) n@mUQ6
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 8%xtb6#7M
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 9q8
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真题剖析 gwqK`ww
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. gdG:
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60. A. dropped 8
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B. to drop O3BU.X1'%
C. dropping i'5bPW
D.drops 3p4bOT5
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 57M oO
59. A. destructive 9Akwr
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B. dissatisfied blPC"3}3Vd
C. damaged pF !vW
D. derivative RCX4;,DHx
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 RI*%\~6t?
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 a #0{tZd
How you got there doesn’t concern me. CKR9APkv
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. QA 9vH'
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. o{Ep/O `
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 vSL{W T]m
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 }wb;ulN)
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). k %rP*b*
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Cwh;+3?C|
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 3//
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) K;ML'
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) UmuFzw^
He no less than John is interested in literature. bDNd
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Yt'o#"R)
Either my father or my brothers are coming. _L72 Ae(_
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Ol @ZH_
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. gA|j\T{ c
真题剖析 Dw[Q,SE
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. q<8HG_
53. A. none :F\f}G3
B. few f*~fslY,o
C. any G<eJ0S
D. some gD\}CxtG
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 i5" q1dRQ
全部倒装 jYF3u0
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” *)1z-rH`
There stand big buildings in this district. 4\3t
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. M2S|$6t:
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) T1&H!
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. co80M;4
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