2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 lQ/u#c$n  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 6yZ!K  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 8:s" ^YLN  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 E2J.t`H  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) =P>c1T1-  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. aL zRbRv  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Dxj&9Ra  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 8bl&-F`  
　　真题剖析 .C$4jR.KC  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. k4WUfL d  
　　45. A. For u17e  
　　B. As G .PzpBA  
　　C. With rmVF88/;  
　　D. Because gKyYBr  
　　练习： B[2 qI7D$  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ]r6S|;:  
　　8. A. is 7&ty!PpD  
　　B. having ib$_x:OO"  
　　C. being RE*;_DF  
　　D. be Ns3k(j16  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 zB,Vi-)vH  
　　虚拟语气(2) 7-p9IFcA  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 QPL6cU$&R  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 k{M4.a[(  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 POZ5W)F(  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 W+F{!dW  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 55aJ=T  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 3}U {~l!K  
　　would rather +动词过去式 QOb+6qy:3  
　　真题剖析 A:{PPjs%LA  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ?\_\pa/+  
　　47. A. do CC8M1iW3  
　　B. did 6.uyY@Yx  
　　C. don’t "t[9EbFL  
　　D. didn’t x:Mh&dq?  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. l+%2kR  
　　53. A. ordered *<.{sx^Gk  
　　B. pleaded rG
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　　C. decided osBwX.G'l  
　　D. demanded y;'yob  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. x%J4A+kU  
　　15. A. took lfle7;  
　　B. would take p }p@])}8  
　　C. will take A }(V2  
　　D. should take > T$M0&<  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. eootHK  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) MKl`9 Y3Ge  
　　54.A. shall $oPx2sb  
　　B.will f1Az|h  
　　C.would MXVQ90  
　　D.should 5ov F$qn  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ,sa%u Fm  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 YI877T9>  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) u!]g^r  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) w<qn@f  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 &1!T@^56  
　　真题剖析 Bv=  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Q+ i  
　　60. A. dropped &d%0[Ui`  
　　B. to drop 5 {PT  
　　C. dropping Ba8 s  
　　D.drops tPQjjoh  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. 006qj.  
　　59. A. destructive EuJ_UxkG  
　　B. dissatisfied 9"g!J|+  
　　C. damaged g,k} nkIT  
　　D. derivative }ldOxJSB?  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 :l;SG=scx  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ?z[k.l+6w  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. *XCgl*% *  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ~zd+
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　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ='[J.  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Gg,&~ jHib  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 !GAU?J;<#2  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 `[(.Q  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). H\PY\O&cP  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 -(;<Q_'s{"  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. vl"{ovoC  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) )q8!:Z  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) `Lr I^9Z  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. K^yZfpa8  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) aCZ7G %Y  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. [ U`})  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。  %&81xAt  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. z0F'zN3J  
　　真题剖析 .S6u{
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　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. S [=l
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　　53. A. none 0kiV-yc   
　　B. few V|q`KOF  
　　C. any +8zCol?j  
　　D. some !]l!I9  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 4f-I,)qCBk  
　　全部倒装 *S?vw'n  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” m`lxQik  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Cu,#w3JR  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. >$/PfyY7@#  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) An2Wj  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. wF.S ,|  
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