2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 UG'Q]S#!  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ?e`^P  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 cIUHa  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 R}
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　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) UXe N
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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. j-0z5|*KE  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ) dn(G@5  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). bhID#&  
　　真题剖析 pqk?|BvpK_  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. [V^WGW2oY  
　　45. A. For l-fi%Z7C  
　　B. As *
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　　C. With -1 FPkp  
　　D. Because 5BWH-2HsB  
　　练习：  0bz'&  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. .Fs7z7?Y  
　　8. A. is 3Iua*#<m,  
　　B. having C.~,qmOP  
　　C. being }
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　　D. be ! _f9NK  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 QXL'^u
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　　虚拟语气(2) ZNJ@F<  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 uH/J]zKR  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 %kv0Wefs  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 \Npxv  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Cf TfL3(J  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ADS9DiX/  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 M}d
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　　would rather +动词过去式 AB=daie  
　　真题剖析 9}l33T4T  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … H!?c\7adX  
　　47. A. do i8`Vv7LF  
　　B. did [OM7g'?S0  
　　C. don’t \
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　　D. didn’t 0>C T=(A  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ,#Iu 7di  
　　53. A. ordered yGWxpzmRS  
　　B. pleaded 
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　　C. decided '3_]Gu-D  
　　D. demanded s1=X>'q  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart.
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　　15. A. took Q?e*4ba  
　　B. would take qLw{?sH}J/  
　　C. will take SNfr"2c'h~  
　　D. should take 0TCBQ~"  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 1xD=ffM>8N  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) #OIcLEn%  
　　54.A. shall s8-<m,*  
　　B.will >_e]C}QUr  
　　C.would f%Ns[S~r  
　　D.should q;
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　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 C 'v+f=  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 FuVnk~g
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) (&}i`}v_  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) )^m%i]L_  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ko Z  
　　真题剖析 8dZ0rPd?  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. x$IX5:E#e  
　　60. A. dropped b?TO=~k,  
　　B. to drop XM1WfjE\  
　　C. dropping 7B
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　　D.drops lLp^Gt^}w(  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. lL{5SH<Q  
　　59. A. destructive I|>^1kr8w  
　　B. dissatisfied o=21|z  
　　C. damaged 9/hrjItV  
　　D. derivative Q?3Gk%T0[  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 I2 j}Am  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 G]fRk^~  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. K@#(*."  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. %%NlTE8*  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 >?6&c  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. q0$ !y!~  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 _acE :H  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 )^4\,
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　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 3T"j)R_=l  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 |55N?=8  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !|O~$2O@  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) D&}3$ 7>  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) {) Q@c)'  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. q>mE< (-M  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 3 |hHR  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. TQx.KM>y  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 b!sRk@LGZ  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 6 G3\=)  
　　真题剖析 .2>p3|F  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. QAvir%Y9Q  
　　53. A. none |g #K]v  
　　B. few :E>HE,1b+  
　　C. any Q\cjPc0y  
　　D. some -[6z 1"*  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 epU:  
　　全部倒装 PI`jExL  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” @6mBqcE'?  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. q|Qk2M  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. N5i+3&  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ?Rj~f{%g  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. \T<$9aNb  
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