2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 [;)~nPjI  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 DrW/KU,{+(  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 HW^{;'kH~  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 5/*)+  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) <?{ SU   
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. \?aOExG I  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. =#7s+d-  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). h<t<]i'  
　　真题剖析 ^!N;F"  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 7MR:X#2v>  
　　45. A. For Z#H@BWN7  
　　B. As BF@m)w.v  
　　C. With KB$ vQ@N  
　　D. Because fJ,8g/f8  
　　练习： 0]f?Dx/8  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. @`#OC#  
　　8. A. is E;ndw/GZjR  
　　B. having J$o[$G_Z  
　　C. being k i~Raa/e  
　　D. be r>n8`W  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 Z3&XTsq  
　　虚拟语气(2) P#M<CG9  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 (cbB%  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 i[V,IP +  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 \J#I}-a&j  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 /jn:e"0~  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 'dd<<E   
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ^;v.ytO*  
　　would rather +动词过去式 5cv, >{~5  
　　真题剖析 >QbI)if`1  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … C 6:pY-  
　　47. A. do [xH2n\7  
　　B. did 4.$hHFqS^5  
　　C. don’t _ ;v_L  
　　D. didn’t LQuYCfj|  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. J@&$U7t  
　　53. A. ordered OmQuAG ^\x  
　　B. pleaded cc#_acR  
　　C. decided {;wK,dU  
　　D. demanded rSzXa4m(  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 4%W
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　　15. A. took nY.Umj  
　　B. would take vFkyfX(   
　　C. will take <CdG[Ih  
　　D. should take n$Oky-P"  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 4Q>jP3  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) D6@
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　　54.A. shall L<nkI  
　　B.will )QJU
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　　C.would Toa#>Z*+Rb  
　　D.should azATKH+j  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 B3k],k  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 mU0r"\**c3  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 3C5D~9v  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) >@92K]J  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 1Tk\n  
　　真题剖析 \Q BpgMi(  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Z[A|SyZp  
　　60. A. dropped qCFXaj   
　　B. to drop kJ5?BdvM&  
　　C. dropping P(gID  
　　D.drops e"8m+]  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. )@&?i.  
　　59. A. destructive ff+9(P>*  
　　B. dissatisfied ClVpb ew  
　　C. damaged ~k<31 ez  
　　D. derivative V<R+A*gY:  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ?9ho|  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ("@V{<7(t  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 6}FDLBA  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. vrEaNT$J-  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 /xbF1@XtL  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4Xho0lO&  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 HC`3AQ12!&  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 9Q5P7}%p  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). >Ezwl5b  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 gBS#Z.  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !rqR]nd  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) }EG(!)u  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) <R8Z[H:bV  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. a~TZ9yg+HL  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) :pu{3-n.  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. swgBPJ"?  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 T@WMT,J6j  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. WQC6{^/4[1  
　　真题剖析 0-~x[\>>  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. U:jf9L2  
　　53. A. none 25[/'7_"  
　　B. few :P1c>:j[  
　　C. any C7_T]e<  
　　D. some Y -{BY5E.  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 ,#O8:s  
　　全部倒装 ~8{3 Fc0  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” /j@r~mt/pA  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. lM%fgyX  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. >D#}B1(!  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) PCfs6.*5Mf  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. qE:DJy<  
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