2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 gVk_<;s  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ZY=x$($f  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 (eSa{C\  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 GV* B$  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) C;M.dd  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. !XQG1!|ww  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. crUt8L-B4  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 0d~>zKho  
　　真题剖析 0[jy  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. d0eMDIm3R\  
　　45. A. For Kr!8H/Z
  
　　B. As pl%3RVpoc  
　　C. With 4l560Fb'U  
　　D. Because j-ZKEA{:1  
　　练习： ng^`s}?o  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. yuWoz*:t  
　　8. A. is Pl9/1YhD/  
　　B. having t?iCq1  
　　C. being 9;NR   
　　D. be KpA i
Ke  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 8lh{ R
  
　　虚拟语气(2) FE,&_J"  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 -$!`8[fM  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 "WV]| TS"]  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 k.NgE/;3  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 `9SuDuw;s  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 LzEs _B=9  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 eYLeytF]Uy  
　　would rather +动词过去式 E`}KVi57
 
　　真题剖析 6lpf k&  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … s~W:N.}*  
　　47. A. do M#c.(Qd
F  
　　B. did Wt*&_+ae  
　　C. don’t zc%#7"FM  
　　D. didn’t %{Ez0XwGCn  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ]-FK6jw  
　　53. A. ordered Y;JV9{j  
　　B. pleaded }@>=,A4Y  
　　C. decided Ju4={^#  
　　D. demanded wyvrNru<l4  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. l( /yaZ`  
　　15. A. took K"B2 SsC  
　　B. would take i'aV=E5  
　　C. will take rw/WD(  
　　D. should take T>,3V:X  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. {U/a h2*  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) :d\ne  
　　54.A. shall `&]<_Jc1  
　　B.will MM8@0t'E  
　　C.would A82Bn|J  
　　D.should c]3% wL  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 B@XnHh5y  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ,w&8 &wj  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) +s?0yH-%p  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) )bN|*Bw3  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 =8FV&|fP  
　　真题剖析 0Yk@O) x  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. r;m_@*]  
　　60. A. dropped 1|/P[!u  
　　B. to drop r,F ~Vwa}  
　　C. dropping AfAg#75q  
　　D.drops &s m7R i  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. 6~g`B<(?  
　　59. A. destructive ~a@O1MB  
　　B. dissatisfied '@OqWdaR  
　　C. damaged \z'A6@  
　　D. derivative IO/%X;Y_  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 m2&"}bI{  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 my +y<C-o`  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ACQbw)tiv}  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. m=;0N
Ls4  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 *6uZ"4rb.  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. =~;SUO  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 n27df9L  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 llG^+*Y8t  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). (pY'v/a-  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 zQY|=4NP  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 5:[<pY!s#  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) }Ej^M~Vv  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) (S~|hk^  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. q:Lw!'Zh  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) r2:n wlG  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. QP+zGXd}(  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 |a!AgvNF  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. {O\>"2}m'f  
　　真题剖析 xDRNtLj<u  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. WH`E=p^x4  
　　53. A. none a%3V< "f  
　　B. few R 7'a/  
　　C. any "YIrqk
 
　　D. some ?~G D^F  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 z'cK,psq(  
　　全部倒装 p7.j>w1F  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ^Y mq<*X  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. k+*DPo@)
 
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. RRYm.dMIw  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) }1EfyR  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ?QzA;8H  
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