（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 85D? dgV
1. 充当句子的状语。 @D]l
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 jM @?< 1
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 o,*= $/or
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) BPewc9RxV
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. *Q
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. VX!hv`E
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). K"w%n[u)
真题剖析 ' %&z.{
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 0m
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45. A. For (:n|v%
B. As $w/E9EJ)3A
C. With \<V)-eB
D. Because j^ n u|
练习： >pdnCv_c
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. pV=@s z,G
8. A. is &a6,ln:P
B. having $DE&J4K
C. being q:]Q% I C^
D. be D5L{T+}Oi%
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 M4:s;@qZ.
虚拟语气(2) aq$q
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1. (should)+动词原形 hZU 1O
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 BIj
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 #xp(B5
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 }#/l N
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 q3+8]-9|5
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ;s_"{f`Y6
would rather +动词过去式 K<RqBecB
真题剖析 x7$ax79ly
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … GTA
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47. A. do o;J;k_[MX
B. did ^l(^z fsZ
C. don’t t$I
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D. didn’t Nfb ` YU=
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. _ECB^s_
53. A. ordered D#0O[F@l##
B. pleaded B*79qq
C. decided MLS; SCl
D. demanded vYnftJK&
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. J?D\$u:
15. A. took S(t{&+Wc
B. would take 8Q(8b@ZO,
C. will take Dbz]{_Y;
D. should take Ue7 6py9
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ~L'nz quF
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ZqK]jT6V/X
54.A. shall KlO(o#&N
B.will VMHC/jlX@r
C.would .@k *p >K
D.should
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（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 XA3s],Rk
动名词、分词、不定式。 - 9-fX(I
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) j)L1H*
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) w+_Wc ~f
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Tl 3"PIb
真题剖析 D9o*8h2$
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. D]u=PqHk2
60. A. dropped xa# gWIP*
B. to drop [Vp\$;\nT
C. dropping =l,#iYJP8
D.drops N^J*!]|
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. E}$V2ha0zu
59. A. destructive %U?)?iZdL
B. dissatisfied C3.=GRg~l
C. damaged wd+O5Lr.R
D. derivative kl<g;3
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 <V
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 $1e pf
How you got there doesn’t concern me. usH%dzKK
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. rzT{-DZB[4
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 qZbHMTnT6
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. *"T+G*~
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 dz,+tR~
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 VDn:SGj5
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Efr3x{ j
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ^c'f<<z|7r
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. [*HiI =
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ,`)OEI|1d
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ^ZVO ql&
He no less than John is interested in literature. vJThU$s-
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 7LdzZS0 OM
Either my father or my brothers are coming. zbg+6qs})
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 A]xCF{*)&
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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真题剖析 2@ *<9-9
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. .hne)K%={y
53. A. none oG\>--
B. few |*1xrM:v~
C. any #[(gIOrNn8
D. some 2-7Z(7G{ F
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 WL/5 oj
全部倒装 i'iO H|s
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” y9ip[Xn-$:
There stand big buildings in this district. |?yE ^$a
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. pU@YiwP"]x
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) `GS cRhbh
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Rv,Mu3\~#c
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