2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 tE<H|_{L  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 CkOz  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 #Z?A2r!1  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 .sh
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　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) +Vb.lH[av  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. <\rT%f}3^  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. h7G"G"  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). #L=x%8B  
　　真题剖析 LG{,c.Qj*  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. JVvs-bK5
 
　　45. A. For at#ja_ hd  
　　B. As x nsLf?>]  
　　C. With ak$f"py x  
　　D. Because LO9=xGj.  
　　练习： O,{6*[)@  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 9UdM`v)(  
　　8. A. is W9 GxXPA  
　　B. having _C%3h5  
　　C. being hgYZOwQ  
　　D. be Yg]-wQrH  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 Q|S.R1L^  
　　虚拟语气(2) Si2k"<5U  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 /?uPEKr  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 =)0,#9k U]  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 hci6P>h<ia  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 T,,WoPU8t  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Xb|:vr\v  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 I:R[;TB?y  
　　would rather +动词过去式 .5^cb%B*  
　　真题剖析 f',Op1o  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … {fPy=,>Nb  
　　47. A. do .[]r}[lU  
　　B. did {%rA 1g  
　　C. don’t j$M h+5  
　　D. didn’t ,;EIh}  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. m~iXl,r  
　　53. A. ordered LdYB7T,  
　　B. pleaded EaO6[E  
　　C. decided t|w_i-&b,  
　　D. demanded =:xW>@bh|  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 1T"`vtR  
　　15. A. took !y\'EW3|G  
　　B. would take B{QBzx1L9c  
　　C. will take Y>dF5&(kb  
　　D. should take cq,SP&T~
 
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *z5.vtfu!  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) G!Op~p@Jm  
　　54.A. shall 0eT(J7[ <  
　　B.will z 9vInf@M  
　　C.would S ^!n45l  
　　D.should j_qbAP  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 >@U*~Nz  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 216R
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) j
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) $jjfC  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 BGvre'67  
　　真题剖析 [@&m4 7  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ^P[e1?SZG  
　　60. A. dropped ~Q Oe##  
　　B. to drop [u =+3b  
　　C. dropping {JO^tI  
　　D.drops -"R2  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. DF&(8NoX~  
　　59. A. destructive BnX0G1|#  
　　B. dissatisfied 1D7nkAy  
　　C. damaged g&^quZ"H  
　　D. derivative Q3XpHnufu+  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 )\1@V+!E%  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ~Zun&b)S  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ;@0;pY  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Mc?Qx  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 y;4OY  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. s%vis{2  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 gI&#o@Pm  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 %@<8<6&q  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). pf]xqhL  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 _jvxc'6  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ;d@#XIS&-(  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) U2ohHJ``  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) T"(&b~m2b4  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. Fh)IgzFj  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) +UCG0D  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. v>6"j1Z  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 v|Pv 03%?7  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. V"[g.%%Y  
　　真题剖析 S:u:z=:r  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. &r[`>B{tP  
　　53. A. none ?Lx24*5%  
　　B. few rExnxQ<e  
　　C. any 2\R'@L*  
　　D. some xn?a. 3b'  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 gx-2v|pZ  
　　全部倒装 /~DI 6g  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” +*\u :n  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Vo4,@scG  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. o m!!Sl3  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Ah1]Y}sy  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 3t.l5m Rg5  
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