2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 b^;19]/RW  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ^{zwIH2I]  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 V89!C?.[]1  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 9c}LG5  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 4&R\6!*s  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. P zzX Ds6  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. m32OE`s  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). u> %r(  
　　真题剖析 H2zd@l:R  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. nsaf6y&E  
　　45. A. For fp:j~a>E  
　　B. As KJ.ra\ F  
　　C. With +`yDWN?7  
　　D. Because 13}=;4O  
　　练习： @J!)o d  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ygd'Nh!@  
　　8. A. is <T+Pw7X   
　　B. having X:j&+d2g0/  
　　C. being 9 /t}S6b{  
　　D. be H \.EKZ  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 &pZ]F=.r+  
　　虚拟语气(2) ' f}^/`J  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 qu sgX;)  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 3 ^{U:"N0  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 .Uh-Wi[  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 E IsA2 f  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 s%H5Qa+Uh  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 P+%O]v1 Ob  
　　would rather +动词过去式 -X PGl  
　　真题剖析 OC7:Dp4  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … {SqY77  
　　47. A. do E$F)z  
　　B. did 8W[QV  
　　C. don’t -x:Wp*,  
　　D. didn’t yJ/m21f  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. E@0wt^  
　　53. A. ordered U11rj,7  
　　B. pleaded !D7\$ g6g  
　　C. decided *yiJw\DRN  
　　D. demanded d,8V-Dk+p  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. }{bO~L7
 
　　15. A. took h'MX{Wm.  
　　B. would take ;s9!ra:3  
　　C. will take *q|.H9 K(  
　　D. should take E 7;KG^  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. j9y,UT  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) vkc(-n  
　　54.A. shall ?mG ?N(t/h  
　　B.will k8Qv>z  
　　C.would _~HGMC)  
　　D.should 03$Ay_2  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Y49 kq}  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 oYlq1MB?  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) N^%[ B9D  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) hL67g  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 je_77G(F  
　　真题剖析 l*B;/ >nR  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 1V FAfv%}  
　　60. A. dropped _$MoMg{uJH  
　　B. to drop IBES$[  
　　C. dropping TD! QqLW  
　　D.drops xV}|G  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. e] **Z,Z  
　　59. A. destructive 4&$hBn=!  
　　B. dissatisfied 2=["jP!B  
　　C. damaged {BJ[h  
　　D. derivative Bi?.G7>  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 :S~XE  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 j><.tA~i  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. y])xP%q2O  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. pf] sL/g  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 QL_bg:hs
 
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. M;\K+,  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 %8S!l;\H5  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 !Aj_r^[X`  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). BO
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　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 rIS \#j  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. pZjyzH{~  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) >qcir~ &  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) J]fjg%C2m  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. :rk]o*  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Bz/NFNi[p  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. a)y8MGx?  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 3<'SnP3mY  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. h+N75  
　　真题剖析  <&$!;d8  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. \$riwL  
　　53. A. none 3YA !2  
　　B. few Z^h'&c#  
　　C. any P`V#Wj4\  
　　D. some o*5|W9  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 h'IBVI!P  
　　全部倒装 @}aK\  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” < (s+  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. )M'#l<9B  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. w;>]L.n  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) P%%Cd  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 9Tjvc!4_b  
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