2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 8Fx]koP.  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 @,Jb7V<  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 8!4[#y<  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ArX]L$D  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) GhiHA9.  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. :`5;nl63  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 1tyNRoET  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). D2$ ^"  
　　真题剖析 c/RT0xql*  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. s9 &)Fv-#V  
　　45. A. For |?yE^$a  
　　B. As Rdj8*f  
　　C. With q#m!/wod  
　　D. Because iLQSa7  
　　练习： j@CKO cn2  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. I}_;A<U  
　　8. A. is OQ,}/  
　　B. having >~^`5a`$uI  
　　C. being YQx?* gZS  
　　D. be X*)?LxTj  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气  }Zt.*%  
　　虚拟语气(2) re/xs~  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 HS(U4  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 r(]98a]o~  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 pbPz$Y  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 brj[c>
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　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 8<Xq=*J+  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 8-A:k E  
　　would rather +动词过去式 t@6w$5:}  
　　真题剖析 ;eP_;N5+J  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 3Fgz)*Gu]  
　　47. A. do qg|Ox*_od"  
　　B. did MCM/=M'y  
　　C. don’t D/e&7^iK  
　　D. didn’t KM5jl9Vv  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. q?(A!1(u  
　　53. A. ordered xUQdVrFU  
　　B. pleaded k]t,q$Vd  
　　C. decided u2Y N[|V  
　　D. demanded P BCb0[\  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. ]F !'M  
　　15. A. took JR])xPI`  
　　B. would take
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　　C. will take cW=Qh-`jU;  
　　D. should take 3'.! +
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　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Pb0)HlLq  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) *+NGi(N  
　　54.A. shall 3T"2S[gT  
　　B.will 92s4u3L;  
　　C.would 6euR'd^Qi  
　　D.should ^g}L`9fL  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 2TE\4j  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 x6"/z  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) v hRu`Yb  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) AU3auBol ^  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 yZ?xt'tn  
　　真题剖析 r;c' NqP  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. {k kAqJ  
　　60. A. dropped | -JI`!7  
　　B. to drop mYntU^4f  
　　C. dropping V+Y|4Y&  
　　D.drops XPar_8I  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. sGXp}{E9  
　　59. A. destructive es.jh  
　　B. dissatisfied Rbx97(wK  
　　C. damaged Su$18a"Bc  
　　D. derivative X(4s;i  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 pGO|~:E/L  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 |E46vup  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 83mlZ1jQz  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. kA?X^nj@  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 D2Vb{%(4.  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. |z.Gh1GCy  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 aQz|!8Is  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ST[2]   
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). JoZqLy!@
 
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 9V|E1-")E  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !F=|*j  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) yd7lcb [  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 6a "VCE]  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. KC
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　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ^n\9AE3  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 0_YxZS\  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 9oZ} h&  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. F Q8RK~?`  
　　真题剖析 tebWj>+1c  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. zvek2\*rO  
　　53. A. none 'Qm` A=  
　　B. few tIz<+T_  
　　C. any [@,OG-"&  
　　D. some :FX'[7;p  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 OaD Alrm  
　　全部倒装 DFt=%aV[  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” )Gi FkG  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. vi W~'}^k7  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ua]\xBWx  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) /0B07B  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. D..{|29,:  
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