2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 &Bn; Vi  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 1qC:3 ;P  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ,w%oSlOu  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 aE BP9RX}z  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ~RXpz-Ye  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. e_=pspnZ  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 16QbB;  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). <8)s  
　　真题剖析 A'(7V J  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. &ZE\ @V
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　　45. A. For {1MGb%xW  
　　B. As EB>B,#  
　　C. With L)lQ&z?  
　　D. Because }E5#X R  
　　练习： naIv=  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. HB7(  
　　8. A. is |WAD $3  
　　B. having )M'UASB;8  
　　C. being yIIET E  
　　D. be 5}
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　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 umjhG6  
　　虚拟语气(2) lKEX"KQ!  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 ck+b/.gw`  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 `4%;qLxngP  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 :wU_-{>>2  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 &|N%#pYS  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 NQC3!=pQ}Y  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 &$c5~9p\B  
　　would rather +动词过去式 iS1Gb$?  
　　真题剖析 9k:W1wgH1  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … gcg>Gjp  
　　47. A. do w(/DTQc~d  
　　B. did mP pvZ  
　　C. don’t H#L#2M%  
　　D. didn’t RzS|dGNQE  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. pp~3@_)b  
　　53. A. ordered !:"-:O}>=,  
　　B. pleaded j1YH9T#|D  
　　C. decided ?j/kOD0  
　　D. demanded ?MC(}dF0  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. sEce{"VC  
　　15. A. took 'y9*
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　　B. would take $Z;BQJVH  
　　C. will take \=!H2M  
　　D. should take dhHEE|vrz  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. MO[kr2T  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) +YTx  
　　54.A. shall Kax#OYLpg  
　　B.will +W 9]ED  
　　C.would kMy<G8 s  
　　D.should bM"fk&  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 6xHi\L  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 lop uf/U0  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) b,dr+RB  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) QY@u}&m%o  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 cC%j!8!  
　　真题剖析 "tL2F*F"6X  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. &]< 3~6n  
　　60. A. dropped D`Gt  
　　B. to drop  %[`a  
　　C. dropping ]>D)#  
　　D.drops WfG(JJ  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. Ky kSFB  
　　59. A. destructive >,"sHm}l%  
　　B. dissatisfied ` W4dx&  
　　C. damaged j
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　　D. derivative KiAcA]0  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 h
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　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 T%(C-Quh  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ZenPw1-  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 5ZK&fKeCF  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 #Qh>z%Mn^3  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. XP-C  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 g n ?YF`  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 UTCzHh1  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). _KN/@(+F  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 40#9]=;}  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ;`(R7X *3  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Zx{96G+1  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) *1^$.Q&  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. #@qN8J}R  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) T3N"CUk  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. <7)Fh*W@  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 cozXb$bBY  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. CO^Jz  
　　真题剖析 rmd;\)#*`  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. H&4~Uo.5  
　　53. A. none 'bu)M1OLi  
　　B. few (\,BxvhG=  
　　C. any #0"~G][#  
　　D. some |L
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　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 `tEo]p  
　　全部倒装 7J*N_8?2  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” u\1>gDI)|  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. x_MJJ(q8g  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. #VGjCEeU  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) A??@AP[7M  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Y[ zZw~yx  
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