（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 G+stt(k:
1. 充当句子的状语。 WjW+ EF8(
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 NeAkJG=<
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 9 [v=`
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) vH%AXz IA
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. S<rdPS*P
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. XAwo ~E
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). `E+)e?z
真题剖析 V>ML -s9
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Qz\yoI8JA,
45. A. For 59!yz'feF
B. As 1 rKKp h
C. With d9>*a$x;/
D. Because $R(?@B (
练习： |x@)%QeC
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. uPKq<hBI
8. A. is r8g4NsRVtv
B. having yI/2 e [
C. being fZ 1v|
D. be kP~'C'5Ys
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ~,+n_KST;
虚拟语气(2) nfpkWyI u{
1. (should)+动词原形 kR$>G2$!
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 1{+x >Pv:
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 :MeshzWK
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 &7Frg`B&:
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 F x,08
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 hoY.2 B _
would rather +动词过去式 rt">xVl
真题剖析 n,sf$9"
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … . K`OEdr<
47. A. do piYv }4;:(
B. did jv $Y]nf
C. don’t 272j$T
D. didn’t u8ofg
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. Rs
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53. A. ordered [A$5~/Q{U1
B. pleaded [ZwZGAP
C. decided FR~Y O|4?
D. demanded Ynnp gR.
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. k=w;jX&;`
15. A. took _;mN1Te
B. would take }~P%S( zB
C. will take '\%c
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D. should take ' Cy^G;
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. bc}X.IC
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Hw"ik6
54.A. shall (H *-b4]/
B.will ;9r
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C.would $>E\3np
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D.should `x:znp} '
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 L(!4e
动名词、分词、不定式。 >}QRMn|@H
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) `mPmEV<
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Z4FyuWc3
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 QFoZv+|
真题剖析 .d`+#1Ot(
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ja$>>5<q
60. A. dropped 3{_A zL
B. to drop P# 2&?.d\
C. dropping -Hzn7L
D.drops / uI/8>p(
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. O;M_?^
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59. A. destructive 9
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B. dissatisfied sBuJK '
C. damaged 475y X-A
D. derivative IWu ^a w
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 lp[3z& u
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ~J2-B2S!
How you got there doesn’t concern me. (Br$(XJoK}
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. }7hpx! s,
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Y^LFJB|b4
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. hgj# VY$B
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 M
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 {+c/$4 <
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ;KQ'/n II
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 x+B~ t4A
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. T.ub! ,Y
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) VK`_ Qc#B
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) XeDU
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He no less than John is interested in literature.
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) miS+MK"
Either my father or my brothers are coming. } Q1$v~
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 C,2IET
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 1+eC'&@Xjt
真题剖析 ;ok];4`a
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 6FEtq,;0w
53. A. none 3kR- WgVF,
B. few 3 tXtt@Yy
C. any GsDSJz
D. some nt;A7pI`
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 d1
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全部倒装 "Wi`S;
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Q]6nW[@j'
There stand big buildings in this district. )_j.0a
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. E/U1g4S
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Kq{s^G
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. [j93Mp
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