2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 pEGHW;  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 x5W@zqj  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。  D z>7.'3  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 _3Q8R }  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) TbR
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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. iJ`v3PP  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 24_/JDz  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). QW@`4W0F  
　　真题剖析 1FEY&rpR  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 2`/p V0  
　　45. A. For [E%Ov0OC  
　　B. As p8u-
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　　C. With jP"='6Vrw  
　　D. Because FHu+dZ  
　　练习： >_?Waz%  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 1
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　　8. A. is RV+0C&0ff  
　　B. having f9&po2Pzf  
　　C. being {d,~=s0T  
　　D. be uzUZuJ  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ?wS/KEl=O  
　　虚拟语气(2) ( u}tUv3  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 a)Ca:p  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 sv?Lk4_  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ~~'UQnUN4  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 5S?+03h~  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 )o8]MWT\;  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 G+xd h  
　　would rather +动词过去式 OmX(3>:9  
　　真题剖析 ]p2M!N,?  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … n$T'gX#5  
　　47. A. do nZ2mY!*  
　　B. did hzjEO2  
　　C. don’t !*C9NX  
　　D. didn’t $R[ggH&  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. g4 |s9RMD  
　　53. A. ordered 6-<>P E2  
　　B. pleaded kW@,P.88  
　　C. decided -q.tU*xf'  
　　D. demanded Xr@]7: ,  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. IPhV|7
 
　　15. A. took }Q L 2#R  
　　B. would take ~)JNevLZ  
　　C. will take 3i'L5f67  
　　D. should take }qf)L.  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. u!As?AD.  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) g= ql 3N  
　　54.A. shall *L3>:],7  
　　B.will . (0'l@#fT  
　　C.would v/E_A3Ay&  
　　D.should <"g ^V  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 C]tHk)<|42  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 y%21`y&Os  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) JEK6Ms;)A  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ^f-?xX Px  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 i%8I (F  
　　真题剖析 $vC!Us{z  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. JwNG`MGc  
　　60. A. dropped <303PPX^6  
　　B. to drop 8v},&rhPQq  
　　C. dropping 1Y"[Qs]"mU  
　　D.drops ^gwVh~j  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. O3JN?25s  
　　59. A. destructive !}D!_z,)u  
　　B. dissatisfied uM\(#jZ  
　　C. damaged L {6y]t7^  
　　D. derivative ZqHh$QBD 9  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 li4rK<O  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 h\k!X/  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. d~](S<k  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ;&Q8xC2  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 uP\?y(="  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. w` (EW>i  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 85rXm*Df
 
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 hKq# i8py  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). B{wx"mK  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 1us-ootsjP  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. tN&x6O+@  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) w f!?'*  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) +$KUy>  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. VC "66\d&  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) }(h_ztw  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 4^T@n$2N  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 TFbMrIF  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. b !FX]d1~k  
　　真题剖析 a"^0;a  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 1$Rua  
　　53. A. none C%ibIcm y  
　　B. few d'~ kf#  
　　C. any a% "mgCB  
　　D. some T^3_d93}d  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 zKr\S|yE  
　　全部倒装 6eSc
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　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” p\]Mf#B  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. `y5?lS*  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. TfaL5evio  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) RG [*:ReB9  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. @= f2\hU  
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