2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 p[!9objU  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 s9u7z qCF  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ^d9o \  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 xTZJ5iZ17  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) S ->S
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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. >;xkiO>Y  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. -HFyNk]>  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ,mD$h?g  
　　真题剖析 vL;=qkTCQ  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. sY}0PB  
　　45. A. For ^h<ElK  
　　B. As ;O .;i,#Z  
　　C. With _z"\3hZ  
　　D. Because ?/Aql_?3  
　　练习： :|ytw=3>  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.  M!PK3  
　　8. A. is Fow{-cs_p  
　　B. having WD7T&i  
　　C. being B@vup {Kg  
　　D. be +ldgT"  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 (rf8"T!"  
　　虚拟语气(2) z8PV&o  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 M;0\fUh;  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 \mwxV!!b$  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 %bTXu1  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 73E[O5?b  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 zh
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　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 P76QHBb l  
　　would rather +动词过去式 wpJfP_H  
　　真题剖析 f{R/rb&iB  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … @0%^\Qf2  
　　47. A. do @p7*JLO  
　　B. did 0^ $6U  
　　C. don’t a#P
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　　D. didn’t X>rv{@KbL  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ^:m7Qd?Z[  
　　53. A. ordered 1bJrEXHXy  
　　B. pleaded #vvQ1ub  
　　C. decided Q.L.B7'e7  
　　D. demanded 2t"&>1  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. ^ N
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　　15. A. took ,hXhcfFl  
　　B. would take <Yy|.=6 D  
　　C. will take 0:4w@"Q  
　　D. should take ;R{ffS6  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. :B]yreg  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 924a 1
 
　　54.A. shall q<Zza  
　　B.will O;?Nz:/q  
　　C.would *.F4?i2D  
　　D.should \ J,pV  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 u~q6?*5  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ^26}j uQ  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 3Ja1|;
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ?hS&OtW   
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 fjm( C#^-  
　　真题剖析 8[xl3=  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. :92
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　　60. A. dropped RYuR&0_{  
　　B. to drop ,@4~:OY  
　　C. dropping 24Uvi:B?~  
　　D.drops UCVdR<<Z  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. "8sB ,$  
　　59. A. destructive .DG`~Fpk  
　　B. dissatisfied A$Ok^  
　　C. damaged 4RoE>m1[G  
　　D. derivative YecV+K'p:  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 FEwPLViso  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 N(=Z4Nk5  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. aT"0tn^LO  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. S@Q4fmH  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 JsD|igqF-  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ptMDhMVW  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 %"CF-K@th  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 _-5|"oJ  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). -fCR^`UOS  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Zb}U 4  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ^LAnR>mz^r  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) GLWEoV9<  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) }^tW's8  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. <e'/z3TbRW  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) HP2J`>oo  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. yB2}[1  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 BHNEP |=  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. r@u8QhD  
　　真题剖析 9zE/SDu7\  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. '@dk3:3t  
　　53. A. none r&3EM[*Iw  
　　B. few >0E3Em<(}l  
　　C. any
8@,8j!$8G  
　　D. some GUn$IPOM  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 #Oi{7~  
　　全部倒装 _qa9wK/  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” F[KM0t!  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. F4PWL|1  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. +vt?3i\^.  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 2@,rIve  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. pv8vW'G\E  
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