2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 O~6AX)|&=  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 f}?pY"yvO  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。   &._Mh  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 5Z#(C#  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 4FKgp|Y0  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. yWr&G@>G  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. GW%!?mJ  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 0$U\H>r  
　　真题剖析 2_Cp}P j  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. oB '5' :  
　　45. A. For |>>^Mol  
　　B. As 
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　　C. With ^a!oq~ZSy  
　　D. Because 87KSV"IU8  
　　练习： Dr}elR>~G=  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. \D#+0  
　　8. A. is EFu>  
　　B. having X6?Gxf,  
　　C. being t6)R37  
　　D. be ax2#XSCO  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 A!$sOp  
　　虚拟语气(2) = H}}dC<)  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 1D~B\=LL}  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 M?['HoRo  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Fg2/rC:_  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 C"k]U[%{  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 $u)#-X;x  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 T+!0`~`  
　　would rather +动词过去式 x LK,Je  
　　真题剖析 /[q_f  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … -^rdB6O6j  
　　47. A. do dcE(uf  
　　B. did z qd1G(tO  
　　C. don’t B{V(g"dM  
　　D. didn’t v6T<K)S  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. P>|sCF  
　　53. A. ordered dmMr
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　　B. pleaded 3b<;y%  
　　C. decided n+Ng7  
　　D. demanded u$^r(.EV  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 6%&w\< (SG  
　　15. A. took #Jfmt~ks'  
　　B. would take VB4
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　　C. will take ~jC$C2A0  
　　D. should take ZP.~Y;Ch;-  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. GGGz7_s ?  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) '5 9{VA6h  
　　54.A. shall [Lf8*U"  
　　B.will S&'-wAEd  
　　C.would zR}vR9Ls  
　　D.should m khp@^5  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 1kh()IrA  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 (abtCuZ8z  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Dh9C9<Ta:  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) :)k|O
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　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,WS{O6O7  
　　真题剖析 "u"?~  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. mFBuKp+0)h  
　　60. A. dropped 3u=>Y^wu  
　　B. to drop MAgox q~;V  
　　C. dropping W)u9VbPk[  
　　D.drops eXtlqU$  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. #2qv"ntW  
　　59. A. destructive (gUxS.zU  
　　B. dissatisfied G5$YXNV  
　　C. damaged 
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　　D. derivative D(">bR)1  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ^:o^g'Yab  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 / 6#i$\ j  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me.
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　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !JPZ7_nn  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 b|g=&T:pp  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 1K{hj%  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 lD?]D&  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ":01M},RA  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Kl*/{&,P  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 tL S$D-  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. O[H Bw~  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) O29GP s  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 8>ODtKI*  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 6Zq7O\   
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) wZ~eE'zx+  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. Wi zVw&Iv  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 XM?C7/^k  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. b @)nB  
　　真题剖析 Rj /y.g  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. m7,;Hr(  
　　53. A. none DVjsz  
　　B. few *&rV}vVP^  
　　C. any r_M5:Rz  
　　D. some 9I*`~il>{  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 = -n7/  
　　全部倒装 QhmOO
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　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” qJEtB;J'  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. [knwp$  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. -v?)E S  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ,:?=j80m  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 0`"DYJ}d  
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