2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 DDr\Kv)k(  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 2V@5:tf  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 y[XD=j  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 hq7f"`  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) j~N*TXkC  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. %f'pAc|#  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. >.qFhO\1so  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). sg,\!'  
　　真题剖析 ,w~3K%B4  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. &`qYe)1Eo  
　　45. A. For Bb=r?;zjO  
　　B. As vt5w(}v(  
　　C. With sc]#T)xG  
　　D. Because Gt*<Awn8  
　　练习： tCrEcjT-  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. IIAp-Y~B  
　　8. A. is 1#x5 o2n  
　　B. having +1wEoU.l2  
　　C. being (LK@w9)i;  
　　D. be H}r]j\  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 2;sTSGDG  
　　虚拟语气(2) Yuv=<V  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 |y7TYjg6  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 p^Ey6,!8]D  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句  z/91v#}.  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 f1:>H.m`  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 [,Ul
 
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 M;XU"8  
　　would rather +动词过去式 eM!Oc$C8[  
　　真题剖析 dXDyY  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … #q:j~4)h  
　　47. A. do R7IFlQH%  
　　B. did }*J04o$
oI  
　　C. don’t 2XyyU}.$  
　　D. didn’t Jhj ]`$J  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. kR1 12J9P  
　　53. A. ordered r
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　　B. pleaded 5q4wREh  
　　C. decided rui
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　　D. demanded .
&5 3sJ0{  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. DPY+{5
q2  
　　15. A. took sz%]rN6$  
　　B. would take 6-$95. Y2  
　　C. will take `!X8Cn  
　　D. should take N\s-{7K  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. %a8e_  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) V,zFHX
O  
　　54.A. shall F'wG%  
　　B.will nIOSP:'>  
　　C.would T g(\7Kq  
　　D.should \1?'JdN  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词
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　　动名词、分词、不定式。 p1GP@m,^n0  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) sOz {spA  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) (3K,f4S@  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 !F?j'[s8]  
　　真题剖析 d8Cd4qIXX  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. U$@}!X  
　　60. A. dropped Q4Wz5n1yp7  
　　B. to drop 6%9 kc+ 9  
　　C. dropping g^:`
h VV  
　　D.drops 1LSD,t|  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. d=\TC'd"{  
　　59. A. destructive !gsrPM  
　　B. dissatisfied L;Y nq<x  
　　C. damaged o=zl{tZV  
　　D. derivative FBrh!vQ<  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 <h|&7  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 O#!|2qN  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ',D%,N}J  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Wj)v,v2&  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 >`yRL[c;  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 0X C3O 8q  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 2/F8kVx{  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 l"h6e$dP  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 2h@&yW2j  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 osO\ib_%  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. VV[Fb9W ;  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) fG8^|:  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) W8-vF++R  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. q&:%/?)x  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) +'w6=qI  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. (6 RWI#  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 R%9,.g<  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. }:s.m8LC5n  
　　真题剖析 3<1x>e2nT  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ts,V+cEA  
　　53. A. none m,5?|J=  
　　B. few (b1e!gJpy  
　　C. any c:B` <   
　　D. some r0pwKRE~t  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 4)XB3$<  
　　全部倒装 ^ME'D  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Vhe$vH  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. X<v1ES$  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. @W,<8  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) >$a;+v  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ?1LRR ;-x  
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