(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 b uOpHQn
1. 充当句子的状语。 Gzw9E.Hk
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 9h/JW_
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 {4^NZTjd@
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) F~Sw-b kSf
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. sBq6,Iu
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. {W11+L{8
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ,>Yl(=&
真题剖析 &$NYZ3?9
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. |x+g5~$
45. A. For {Lg]chJq?
B. As 8:gUo8
C. With HS@ EV iht
D. Because 0@LC8Bz+'
练习: d9Uv
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ={G0p=~+,p
8. A. is `3?5Z/,y
B. having `)TuZP_)
C. being !e?2
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D. be _L%
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(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 FByA4VxB
虚拟语气(2) }MIg RQ9
1. (should)+动词原形 EN/r{Cm$B
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 yB5JvD ?
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 S.R|Bwj}(Y
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 77H"
=
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 sIzy/W0iV
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 b<27XZ@
would rather +动词过去式 A/sM
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真题剖析 |
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Qpocj:
47. A. do V/Q/Ujgg
B. did BF/l#)$yK
C. don’t _V,bvHWlM
D. didn’t cq"#[y$r
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. !X4m6gRaP
53. A. ordered uN@El1ouY
B. pleaded 2#Du5d
C. decided dZ|x `bIgs
D. demanded Dg}$;PK
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Mhu|S)hn
15. A. took "0aJE1)p:
B. would take 5pH6] $
C. will take ZVz`g]
D. should take 6PT"9vR`)
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. }v6@yU
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) \p#_D|s/Ep
54.A. shall Slv91c&md,
B.will `+!F#.
C.would u;9a/RI
D.should 5;X r0f
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 \k3EFSm
动名词、分词、不定式。 nL+y"O
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) g\1|<jb3
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ;r}yeISf
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 |4rq
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真题剖析 O>d
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ) uTFId
60. A. dropped Sq]QRI/
B. to drop 5c$\DZ(
C. dropping Z8`Y}#Za [
D.drops X#tCIyK,nV
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. N(%(B
59. A. destructive +
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B. dissatisfied [1e]_9)p
C. damaged .Nk5W%7]=
D. derivative B Q2N_*v
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 Vwb_$Yi+]
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 kK:U+`+
How you got there doesn’t concern me. og&-P=4O
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Qna*K7kv
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 PMT}fg
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. $b)t`r+
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 Va A.J
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 S]NT +XM
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). _9'hmej
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 *fz#B/_o
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. biV NZdA
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) <[K3Prf C
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 4s@Tn>%SP
He no less than John is interested in literature. >+DMTV[O
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _l2_) ~
Either my father or my brothers are coming. L1f=90
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 8tVSa
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. %cBOi_}}~
真题剖析 N6`U)=2o>h
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ]E)\>Jb
53. A. none &xZSM,
B. few 7 IJn9 b
C. any \(--$9
D. some 3D^cPkX
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 } =Xlac_U
全部倒装 EM`'=<)V
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” T+B8SZw#}!
There stand big buildings in this district. eiXl"R^
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. [!MS1vc;
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) }Q@~_3,UJ
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. =:!>0~
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