（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 a
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1. 充当句子的状语。 ;qT7BUh(%
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 27Ve $Q8]v
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ^~%z Plv
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 7`
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. " | l-NUe
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. >HXmpu.O
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 4aQb+t,
真题剖析 p4OiCAW;
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ^.9I[Umua
45. A. For icPg<>TQ
B. As $lM EZt8A
C. With H]7 ;O M/g
D. Because HjAQF?;V
练习： P]G`Y>#$r
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. w&7-:."1i
8. A. is uE6;;Ir#mF
B. having 5/O;&[l Yy
C. being bvM a|;f1
D. be %?3\gFvBo
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 x`vIY-DS
虚拟语气(2) kMHupROj
1. (should)+动词原形 '}{J;moB
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 < g<Lf[n$
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 {zc<:^r^
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 w-%H\+J
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ~iZMV ?w
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 =x4:jas
would rather +动词过去式 "3*Chc
真题剖析 l0 H,TT~2
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … iTt"Ik'
47. A. do o Ohm`7i y
B. did AT:T%a:G?
C. don’t $S Q8,Y,
D. didn’t BHE((3
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. +b.qzgH>r
53. A. ordered H V`{YuP
B. pleaded 4'W| '4 'b
C. decided Ek +L"7
D. demanded . F 0V
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. kyQ%qBv ^
15. A. took \fphM6([RK
B. would take J<Wz
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C. will take @^y/V@lDm
D. should take \`#;J?Y|`F
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. {}?s0U$5
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) %Yg;s'F>#q
54.A. shall oh`I$
B.will x\XgQQ]-
C.would m D:d, ,~
D.should Wxg,y{( `
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 =iRi 9r'l
动名词、分词、不定式。 hA?j"y0?
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) >U^AIaW
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ]nN']?{7PW
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 :tM|$TZ
真题剖析 9U6y<X
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. t'4hWNR'
60. A. dropped % }P^B^O
B. to drop N10'./c K
C. dropping c6s*u %+},
D.drops :7IL|bA<
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. m?xzx^ xs/
59. A. destructive 7|T<dfQk
B. dissatisfied US'X9=b_
C. damaged 88h-.\%Z
D. derivative 4 p kc9\
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 dW<.
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 x2/|i? ZO
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 7i~::Z <
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. *-Y77p7u
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ('W#r"
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. RX>kOp29
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 a<sE d p
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 p{!aRB%
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ZP*Hx
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 w@.E}%bwq
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ;e ()|
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) y ']>J+b0
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) tHXt*t zq
He no less than John is interested in literature. LcE!e%3
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. t3 *2Z u
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 f&H):.
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. )#T (2 A
真题剖析 Mmbb}(<
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ;Y
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53. A. none ;yY >SaQ
B. few f'aUo|^ ?
C. any 8~ED mg[
D. some Cq u/(=
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 9HRYk13ae
全部倒装 D._q'v<
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” /^DDU!=(<
There stand big buildings in this district. pJVzT,poh
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. *@dRL3c^=
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) @&S4j]rq
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. oA"t`, 3
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