2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 PY) 74sa  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 7MBz&wE^f  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 *78TT\q<  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 i\N,4Fdor  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) _%.atW7  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. j1>1vD-`T  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. C !uwD  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 6&h,eQ!  
　　真题剖析 |nv8&L8  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 0~"{z>s '  
　　45. A. For ~|+  
　　B. As 3
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　　C. With ~kF^0-JZY  
　　D. Because |"\A5v|1  
　　练习： Y+lZT4w  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. [&
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　　8. A. is Br;1kQ%eC  
　　B. having ,uK }$l  
　　C. being { ge^&l  
　　D. be "){"{~  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 }eSaF@.  
　　虚拟语气(2) S0du,A~  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 CKy' 8I9  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 lfK sqe"  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 AwUcU;"9>  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 RMDzPda.  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 i=nd][1n  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Wv8?G~>  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ?sk{(
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　　真题剖析 k`_sKr]9  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … b<n*wH  
　　47. A. do GO2mccIB  
　　B. did BF b<"!Y  
　　C. don’t X@RS /  
　　D. didn’t f; w\k7 #  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. n 9PYZxy  
　　53. A. ordered l|9'M'a  
　　B. pleaded ose(#n40  
　　C. decided ($'W(DH4  
　　D. demanded [MhKR }a  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. ;-#2p^  
　　15. A. took 1o`zAJ8|2  
　　B. would take %D1 |0v8}  
　　C. will take Ql"kJ_F!br  
　　D. should take eu={6/O
 
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. lo n V_Xx  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) x<5ARK6\=  
　　54.A. shall J/LsL k  
　　B.will txE=AOY5  
　　C.would ~-R%m  
　　D.should %5RR<[_/;  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 *:bexDH  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 d|?Xo\+  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) V6Mt;e)C  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) qG@YNc  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 \?SvO  
　　真题剖析 zD)/QFILy  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. IjGPiC  
　　60. A. dropped (\0 <|pW  
　　B. to drop b9-IrR4h  
　　C. dropping _j+!Fd  
　　D.drops 4 km^S9  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. p^CTHk_|  
　　59. A. destructive ]{oZn5F  
　　B. dissatisfied {`QA.he.  
　　C. damaged dvZH~mF  
　　D. derivative q.p.$)  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 3pg=9*{  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 T'9ZR,{F  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. !$A/.;0$  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. s3HVX'  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 w9{C"K?u=  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. "$XX4w M  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 zw['
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　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 TP"cEfs x  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). d{"-iw)t  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 } vmRm*8z  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 1>"-!ADm  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) g:>'+(H;  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 0?<#!  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 1h&`mqY)L.  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) &^r>Q`u  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. DMM<,1  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 9<6q(]U  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ")T\_ME  
　　真题剖析 |5bLV^mv]i  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 83n%p S4x  
　　53. A. none {drc}BL_  
　　B. few pFvu,Q"  
　　C. any Qc; kj  
　　D. some u= NLR\  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 E5w;75,  
　　全部倒装 7uF|Z(  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” {_QdB;VwH  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. '+`[)w  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. |_V(^b}  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) j*jUcD*  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 5~L]zE  
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