2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 h<$MyN4]g  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 AvW:<}a,  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 vh$%9ed  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 #'y#"cmQ.  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) r(P(Rj2~  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ?nL.w  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ^jx7@LgS=  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). >Z5gSs0  
　　真题剖析 vd[0X;  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. <*qnY7c&N;  
　　45. A. For .
4E&/w+  
　　B. As f.9SB  
　　C. With :>C2gS@  
　　D. Because GaK-t*Q  
　　练习： %4gg@
Z9  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Jt}Bpg!J  
　　8. A. is E4M@WNPx  
　　B. having fR(d
  
　　C. being # mV{#B=  
　　D. be f}9zgWU  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 8; 0A g  
　　虚拟语气(2) X\bOz[\  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 KbA?7^zo`  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 &E.^jR~*  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 hhCrUn"  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 XovRg,  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 < HVl(O  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 w9< R#y[A  
　　would rather +动词过去式 Nn!+,;ut  
　　真题剖析 t gI{`jS%  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … >7jbgHB  
　　47. A. do H4:`6 PSL  
　　B. did S4Y&  
　　C. don’t 0IBhb(X  
　　D. didn’t pNepC<rY  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. n<O}hM ZT  
　　53. A. ordered k_ & :24Lj  
　　B. pleaded 7%Gwc?[x  
　　C. decided 6e9
,PS  
　　D. demanded T@2#6Tffo  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. #U! _U+K  
　　15. A. took r`W)0oxD  
　　B. would take >s>1[W@*  
　　C. will take 8!O5quEc  
　　D. should take HHDl8lo  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 5na~@-9p  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) PRu 6xsyA  
　　54.A. shall '\Giv!>  
　　B.will `q
}I"iS  
　　C.would 7Ri46Tkt  
　　D.should wvO|UP H\  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 hn5h\M?  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ;&<{ey  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) D>/ 0v8  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) o3Yb7h9  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 .{ocV#{
s  
　　真题剖析 sD {Wxv  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. {P*pkc  
　　60. A. dropped E@@5BEB ~  
　　B. to drop
'8Q]C*Z  
　　C. dropping XC4X-j3
 
　　D.drops "@%7-nu  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. }SX,^|eN  
　　59. A. destructive ,F79xx9ufg  
　　B. dissatisfied vMA]j>>  
　　C. damaged 8J:}%DaxL  
　　D. derivative ;XF:\<+  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 (61EDKNd9  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 6g 5#TpCh  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. _"E%xM*r  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. #yI mKEYX  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 "3Uv]F  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. P^A!.}d  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 W=j[V Oq  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 f-
bVKHt  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 0rOfrTNOz%  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 XlV0*}S  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ?%O(mC]u&  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Q9~*<I> h;  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) W?qmp|YD  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 9f2UgNqe9  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) SOIHePmwK  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming.  RZHd9v$  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 7({]x*o*%  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. H| 8Qp*  
　　真题剖析 6{"$n F]  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. S#MZV@nGF  
　　53. A. none N):tOD@B  
　　B. few C1jHz  
　　C. any *]AdUEV?  
　　D. some SSPHhAeH8  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 UaWl6 Y&Vu  
　　全部倒装 y`F3Hr c  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” vd[}Gd  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. QWD'!)Zb  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. UJM1VAJ0  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) n\xX},  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. kMb}1J0i"  
YE|SKx@