2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 6()Jx%  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 #un'?]tZF  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ]xS%Er  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 D1RQkAZS  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) dpW`e>o  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. s) \PY  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. b'O/u."O  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). >l0Qd1  
　　真题剖析 (Nzh1ul\}  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. rO}1E<g (  
　　45. A. For / B!j`UK  
　　B. As q>
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　　C. With X!hzpg(`hR  
　　D. Because myo4`oH  
　　练习： <8(q .  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. pauO_'j_1p  
　　8. A. is 1Ne;U/  
　　B. having EuHQp7  
　　C. being (%6fZ  
　　D. be \>\ERV
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　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 m2m ;|rr  
　　虚拟语气(2) -medD G  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 \FO`WUAF  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ce$[H}rDB  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 eJf]"-  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 $$$[Vn_H<  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 )W_akUL  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 3B]E2  
　　would rather +动词过去式 x'-gvbj!  
　　真题剖析 _k}Qe;  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … `\##M=  
　　47. A. do 8i^ ./P  
　　B. did \hBzQ%0  
　　C. don’t jcC"vr'u|  
　　D. didn’t zv"NbN  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. X#by Dg  
　　53. A. ordered `s69p'<;p  
　　B. pleaded {^Q,G x(  
　　C. decided ,n%b~.$:v5  
　　D. demanded ZG+FX:v  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. %INkuNa8\  
　　15. A. took IPn!iv)  
　　B. would take 7'At_oG  
　　C. will take AcJrJS)~  
　　D. should take P(-   
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. :W>PKW`^  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) eU)QoVt  
　　54.A. shall 6pb~+=3n  
　　B.will v2r|)c,h
 
　　C.would z&c}  
　　D.should 3_9CREZCl  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Oc,HnyV+  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 V^!^wLLi
 
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) _B^X3EOc  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)
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　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 4o";p}[b  
　　真题剖析 .nNZdta&=  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. R'vNJDFY  
　　60. A. dropped [+l
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　　B. to drop RX_f[  
　　C. dropping r9!s@n  
　　D.drops uzmYkBv  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. PJ&L7  
　　59. A. destructive bJ9*z~z)e  
　　B. dissatisfied r|]YS6  
　　C. damaged BHU$QX  
　　D. derivative EbX!;z  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ;; {K##^l  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ,uNJz-B8  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. g]N'6La  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. PJ?C[+&  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 79}jK"Gc  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. sV5") /~  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 5 }w   
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 E y9rH_  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). gs/ocu  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 \o72VHG66  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 
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　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) h<>yzr3fN  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) #639N9a~  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. ;PMh>ZE`  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) %QGw`E   
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 75>Ok/  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 $)X8'1%6  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. |Ox='.oIb  
　　真题剖析 @^.W|Zh[&  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 1iLU{m9  
　　53. A. none vp*+Ckd  
　　B. few dT?3Q;>B?  
　　C. any f.66N9BHL,  
　　D. some aH@-"Wi  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 k 9z9{  
　　全部倒装 tk=S4/VWv  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 7:b.c  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Q@NFfJJ  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. z,^~H  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) r;[=y<Yf  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. \M._x"  
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