(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 +s [_
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1. 充当句子的状语。 <!|=_W6
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 8-K4*(-dL
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 =aehhs>
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) '64/2x
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. y92<(ziaX)
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. d{C8}U
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). dQ<e}wtg
真题剖析 Vr&v:8:wb
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Z@Qf0
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45. A. For SC2g5i`
B. As
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C. With EkN>5).
D. Because i\MW'b
练习: _ `7[}M~
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. fAvB!e
8. A. is 6(HJYa
B. having e9B$"_ &2
C. being B_.>Q8tK;
D. be -%t8a42
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 WxF@'kdn*,
虚拟语气(2) a\I`:RO=<Z
1. (should)+动词原形 W8!8/IZbN
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 v/wR)9
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 UAdj[m61
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 It^_?oiK
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 KhbbGdmfS$
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ;WL0
would rather +动词过去式 %M05& <
真题剖析 8L(KdDY
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … HSk}09GV
47. A. do faI4`.i
B. did %w6lNl
C. don’t #.\X%!
D. didn’t %] 7.E
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ]5J*UZ}
53. A. ordered Bk~M ^AK@~
B. pleaded :y[tZ&*<_?
C. decided !GVxQll[f
D. demanded
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练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. YyR~pT#ffT
15. A. took OAz-w
B. would take )F35WP~
C. will take KHXnB
D. should take S>p>$m,
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) _qqJ>E<0
54.A. shall ;rH@>VrR
B.will E^.
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C.would 1{S"
axSL
D.should 3bPvL/\Lb
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 K<+h/Ok
动名词、分词、不定式。 !xK`:[B
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) BK]q^.7+:
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ,!4(B1@
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 z<mU$<
真题剖析
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *l^%7Wrk
60. A. dropped ABp/uJI)
B. to drop j7 D\O
C. dropping ?o9g5Z
D.drops Kq;Yb&
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. y(8AxsROp
59. A. destructive L[*Xrp;/&
B. dissatisfied Xu:Sh<:R
C. damaged ( Qw"^lE3
D. derivative ^1S(6'a#
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 70:a2m
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 a ^b_&}y
How you got there doesn’t concern me. kGMI
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. *eytr#0B-
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 MI@id
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. |,Y(YSg.
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 Kuy,qZv!"
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 F"3PP ~
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). R1FBH:Iu
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 ;X !sTs
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. $aX}i4F
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) [=-?n6
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ?*
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He no less than John is interested in literature. 0Q=4{*:?
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ]v3 9ag_hu
Either my father or my brothers are coming. #!KbqRt
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 |b52JF
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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真题剖析 o
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. :~pPB#)nk
53. A. none |Gb"%5YD
B. few %^g BDlR^
C. any T2
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D. some i3*S`/]p
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 [:
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全部倒装 cTFyF)
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” )%U&z>^P
There stand big buildings in this district. <1VzQH!o
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. o-B9r+N
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) veg\A+:'
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. RZ9vQ\X
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