(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 j|Vl\Z&o)
1. 充当句子的状语。 )LKJfoo
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2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 k]r4b`x`
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 I2i'
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) |36% B7H
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. E8#aE\'t
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. y6d!?M(0U
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 2[pOGc$
真题剖析 8+gp"!E
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. [s]$&
45. A. For yBs-bp"-
B. As [@VzpVhXz
C. With !<~.>5UQ
D. Because KyVzf(^
练习: `~=z0I
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. FqbGT(QB0
8. A. is =,N"% }
B. having Nb ~J'"
C. being t(roj@!x_o
D. be [DeDU:
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 |?^qsnB
虚拟语气(2)
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1. (should)+动词原形 4<UAT|L^`
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 9{A4>
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 z;9D[ME#1
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 dg#Pb@7a
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 VV$#<D<)
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 :'<;]~f
would rather +动词过去式 Fyw
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真题剖析 MmvJ)|&t
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … e&i`/m5
47. A. do tx<^P
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B. did Q wG_-
C. don’t RaSuzy^`*]
D. didn’t 2Uf/'
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. /]J\/Z>
53. A. ordered kGnT4R*E
B. pleaded d42Y` Wu
C. decided 5
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D. demanded 1I'Q{X&B
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. Y[PC<-fyf
15. A. took s1[.L~;J
B. would take ~cO iv
C. will take K>~YO~~
D. should take ->;2CcpHB
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. qk^/&j
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) hfbu+w):
54.A. shall uUq= L
B.will vc3r [mT
C.would =#Jx~d [C
D.should |"Zf0G
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Ug0c0z!b
动名词、分词、不定式。 )Ac
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) m0.g}N-w
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) HWFTI /]
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 [h
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真题剖析 ,S(Z\[x0
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. c]U+6JH
60. A. dropped TT3GGHR
B. to drop 6; )5v
C. dropping zNo"P[J8
D.drops Fo;J3<U)
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. b$nev[`{6
59. A. destructive 1Lje.%(E
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B. dissatisfied ~9k E.
C. damaged %52x:qGa
D. derivative &'
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(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 :,$"Gk
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 hRB?NM
How you got there doesn’t concern me. g__s(
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. sL\ {.ad5
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 S{MB$JA
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. E|RC|Sz=u
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 #M#$2Vt
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). D(<0tU^[
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 \C>vj+!cJ
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ofz?L#:2
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ;0 +Dx~
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 69:-c@L0
He no less than John is interested in literature.
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) HSU?4=Q
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 7042?\\=
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 {(Mmv[y
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ?uJX
真题剖析 e$Yvy>I'tS
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. bF,.6iKI
53. A. none CZ$B2i6
B. few 7\nXJ381
C. any D Vg$rm`
D. some S+t2k&pm
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 >RJ&b
全部倒装 DC BN89#
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” @;hdZLG]`&
There stand big buildings in this district. H=Cj/jE
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. T9kc(i'
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) B` +,
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ~mK+Q%G5
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