（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 +nZx{d,wt
1. 充当句子的状语。 _ I7 5[W!
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 "&>$/b$
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 tcmG>^YM
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) wG -X833\(
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Xd{"+'29
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. :xv"m
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). TqzkF7;k4
真题剖析 F4KXx^~o
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. }Vk#w%EJ
45. A. For 8NA2C.gOZ
B. As Fvl_5 l
C. With -Y;(yTtz
D. Because ~
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练习： p
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. MejM(o_kk
8. A. is F0])g
B. having l3rr 2t
C. being I 6X_DPY
D. be &n91f
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 E2+O-;VN
虚拟语气(2) sO
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1. (should)+动词原形
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 7c5+8k3
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 +?DP r
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 A )tGB&
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 #2^eGhwnI
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 }f?$QSF
would rather +动词过去式 XE6sF U
真题剖析 R m>AU=
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … NI,i)OSEN
47. A. do 7A<X!a
B. did (_Ph {IN
C. don’t n c4KeEl
D. didn’t w&8N6gA
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. suiO%H^t
53. A. ordered Z8I Y!d
B. pleaded n
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C. decided "MM)AY*b
D. demanded (#KSwWo{ed
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. z_nv|5"
15. A. took J[ ; g
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B. would take vLCyT=OB`
C. will take 57@ 6O-t-
D. should take N)CM^$(T|
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. eO% w
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) -j& A;G
54.A. shall ^1`Mz<
B.will ^`i qa-1
C.would GW{e"b/x
D.should aN UU' [
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 D`hl}
动名词、分词、不定式。 l;7T.2J'Z
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) <Fo~|Nh|
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 2 Sgv
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 - 8zdkm8k
真题剖析 :Eb=jWA
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. #|j8vmfn$e
60. A. dropped 3R>"X c
B. to drop K&4FFZ
C. dropping V
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D.drops M!tR>NMH
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. GHWt3K:*w
59. A. destructive
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B. dissatisfied 7?@ -|{
C. damaged &v)/mc7D
D. derivative :l U#Dm]
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 w<LV5w+
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ~e<^jhpJ
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Xk] uXx:TN
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. V7<w9MM
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 7 I/a
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. oM^VtH=>
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 7}L.(Jp9
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 #EA` |
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 1lYQR`Uh
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 PO nF_FC
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. <: >[24LJ{
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) yZ-Ql1 1
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) G){A&F
He no less than John is interested in literature. e}NB ,o
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) .6c
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. soO fk!b
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ]tNB^
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. SveP:uJA[
真题剖析 gI/ S A
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. jZk dTiI
53. A. none A ;TNR
B. few zmg
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C. any iU |X/>k?
D. some 4D[(X=FSU
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 19bqz )
全部倒装 &hE k m
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ikb;,Js
There stand big buildings in this district. - sx=1+\nf
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. XzW\p8D^u
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) lv G+9e3+
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 7g4IAs oD
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