2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 &s(&B>M  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 xHJkzI  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 VK1B}5/  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 %KT}Map  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) oR=i5lAU  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. wL 4Y%g  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ZqVbNIY  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). "W (Ae="60  
　　真题剖析 y@!o&,,mq  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. NBc^(F "  
　　45. A. For SNH 3C1  
　　B. As }a6t<m`V  
　　C. With ^Q$OzsEk  
　　D. Because SXOAa<u5  
　　练习： &o;0%QgF  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }:ZA)  
　　8. A. is K -rR)-rI  
　　B. having :Tg+)cZ  
　　C. being &S*~EM.l8  
　　D. be rXX>I;`&  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 +hmFFQQ}  
　　虚拟语气(2) ^}d]O(  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 0d9z8y  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 `)n4I:)2  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 yS\&2"o  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 kk3^m1  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Lqj Q
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　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 uPA (1  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ^QRg9s,T<  
　　真题剖析 /8h=6"  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … KeQcL4<  
　　47. A. do JF
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　　B. did yJm"vN  
　　C. don’t &[.`xZ(|  
　　D. didn’t )#}>,,S  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. .gRj^pu   
　　53. A. ordered g\JJkXjD#  
　　B. pleaded W p=3heCa6  
　　C. decided QOF@DvQ  
　　D. demanded 18>cf Dh;N  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 7^q~a(j  
　　15. A. took yw3"jd cl  
　　B. would take \c=I!<9
 
　　C. will take gb ga"WO  
　　D. should take y>^^.  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. n+~Dc[  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) XIeLu"TSL  
　　54.A. shall *T|B'80  
　　B.will BM%w
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　　C.would AlSO  
　　D.should ':'g!b`/  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 bLgH3[{  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 D6sw"V#  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) }'X=&3m  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) {f!/:bM  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 u2V-V#jS  
　　真题剖析 (!os&/",  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 0J)s2&H  
　　60. A. dropped fV(3RG  
　　B. to drop [|u^:&az  
　　C. dropping L+%"e w  
　　D.drops )*|/5wW1  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. N0U/u'J!g  
　　59. A. destructive =BsV`p7rU  
　　B. dissatisfied 7p&jSOY  
　　C. damaged e_vsiT  
　　D. derivative 8#I>`z^F  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 o<2GtF1"o  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 q>q:ZV  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. q^@*{H  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 1C[9}}  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 s>rR\`  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. CU$khz"  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 od;-D~  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ]AP1+ &9fN  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 93-Y(Xx)bY  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 vL/ 3(Bo7  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. a(Y'C`x
 
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) N&8TG  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) O--p)\  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. f*ZU a  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) urp|@WZ  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. a"~o'W7  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 P{L=u74b{x  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. tobE3Od4  
　　真题剖析 ^df wWP  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 0V%c%]PH  
　　53. A. none 5
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　　B. few @xG&K{j  
　　C. any !U`&a=k  
　　D. some zVhyAf  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 :\](m64z;  
　　全部倒装 %lKw+D  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ~z[`G#dU  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. $Dg-;I  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. x"r0<RK  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Q G)s  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Iil2R}1  
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