2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ][IEzeI_LN  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 --}5%6  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ".Q``
d&X  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 D;bHX  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) &=-Z NWNo  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. } qf=5v  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. x&kM /z?/  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). [10y13  
　　真题剖析 =5v=<, ]  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. V4.&"0\n#  
　　45. A. For nH= 8I~jp  
　　B. As ip`oL_c  
　　C. With aA|<W g  
　　D. Because  KDX1_r=Y  
　　练习： +=:*[JEK,U  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. B,_/'DneQK  
　　8. A. is h N5?u:  
　　B. having rEF0A&5  
　　C. being KS3>c7  
　　D. be s)L\D$;+O  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 IOjp'6Yr  
　　虚拟语气(2)  `u't  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 !'jZ !NFO  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 0eP ]  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 @F-InfB8.  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 sgGXj7  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 \|gE=5!Am=  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 b5@sG^  
　　would rather +动词过去式 R_7[7
/a  
　　真题剖析 w!j'k|b>  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … M&v;# CV  
　　47. A. do _&wrA3@/L  
　　B. did " K9/^S_  
　　C. don’t 6${=N}3Kw  
　　D. didn’t [qL{w&R  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. V`WSZ  
　　53. A. ordered $1E'0M`  
　　B. pleaded Lhz*o6)  
　　C. decided X3dXRDB'  
　　D. demanded CQANex4&\  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. ixY[ HDPq  
　　15. A. took Z^[ ]s1iP}  
　　B. would take Ym8 V)  
　　C. will take m
4r<=o  
　　D. should take +e87/\5  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. !\}X?Gf  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Q;xJ/4 Z"  
　　54.A. shall KbSE
=
3  
　　B.will &E+mXEve  
　　C.would Due@'  
　　D.should z}a9%Fb  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 0 L$[w  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 FPE%h=sw  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) &~aS24c  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) <5 }  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 `oU|U!|  
　　真题剖析 %xv*#.<Vj  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. `tPVNO,l  
　　60. A. dropped x^79s_h5  
　　B. to drop M5kw3Jy5  
　　C. dropping 1N}vz(0"  
　　D.drops }n(
 ?|  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. 2}n7f7[/b  
　　59. A. destructive 82M`sk3.  
　　B. dissatisfied lc$wjK[w[  
　　C. damaged 4nrn Npf`b  
　　D. derivative _CMNmmp`e  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 \^ 1S:z  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Fs3 :NH  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. bXi!_'z$  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. b_X&>^4Dkl  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ~1&WR`U  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. p,.6sk  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 (6Ciqf8  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 \U3v5|Q  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 9:*[Q" v  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 =4$ErwI_dm  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !FwNq'Q8$  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 9a]{|M9  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) g4u6#.m(  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. s"XwO8yhM  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) @QMy!y_K~m  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 3RanAT.nu:  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 U\u07^h[  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. W4,'?o  
　　真题剖析 ~yt7L,OQ
 
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. n.rn+nuwv  
　　53. A. none !,dp/5 V  
　　B. few K iEmvC  
　　C. any =P%&]5ts  
　　D. some 19U&4Jk  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 Rx.v/H  
　　全部倒装 `yP`
5a/  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 2kt0Rxg  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. T-#4hY`  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. B]H8^   
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) op\$(7<d-  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. $btu =_|f  
qDG2rFu&[