(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 $nE{%?n-#
1. 充当句子的状语。 `jE[Xt"@
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 1ubu~6
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 #*.!J zOg
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) b-&rMML
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ]KFh 1
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. mE<_oRM)
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). TQn!MUj/^
真题剖析 s$#64"F
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. -m`|S q
45. A. For B
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B. As
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C. With FF8jW1
D. Because IUOf/mM5
练习: S|=
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. I=L["]
8. A. is P`
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B. having XIIq0I
C. being C1-U2@
D. be &eV5#Ph
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气
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虚拟语气(2) I[%IW4jJ
1. (should)+动词原形 KF7w{
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 (%R%UkwP9
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 -)-:rRx-
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 >"/TiQt
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 ]{tWfv|Xg8
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
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would rather +动词过去式 /
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真题剖析 0/~p1SSun
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … E zcch1
47. A. do +/&rO,Ql
B. did VY/r2o#
C. don’t H'S~GP4D
D. didn’t z\v
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. =F[M>o
53. A. ordered ydD:6bBX
B. pleaded J|xXo
C. decided ;R
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D. demanded pYCMJK-H
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. |%4nU#GoB
15. A. took n}NUe`E_h
B. would take R?:K\
C. will take xD7Y"%Pbx
D. should take CEk[&39"
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. J{Ij
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) F\+9u$=
54.A. shall 1|*%
B.will fpNq
C.would = r=/L
D.should 6#d+BBKIc
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 :@~3wD[y
动名词、分词、不定式。 w#(E+s~}
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) "=f,4Zbj
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Y0'~u+KS`5
真题剖析 ue
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. K<l
dl.
60. A. dropped $I@. <J*
B. to drop D>#Jh>4
C. dropping 6l?KX
D.drops 5PHAd4=bJ
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. >>7m'-k%D
59. A. destructive fwyz|>H_Y(
B. dissatisfied Xo4K!U>TzZ
C. damaged ET ]`
D. derivative EJrQ9"x&n
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 U}`HN*Q.q
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 zI>,A|yy
How you got there doesn’t concern me. r
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. /Big^
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 EEp,Z`
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Jqi^Z*PuX
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 zwX1&rN
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 ~|)'vK8W
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). szb],)|18
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 {Uu|NA87Cd
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Qjh @oWT
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) {#1}YGpiVM
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) E>SLR8!Cv
He no less than John is interested in literature. t7DT5SrR
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) S-6%mYf
Either my father or my brothers are coming. y|%rW
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 5Y97?n+6
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. S2fBZ=V8
真题剖析 1e#}+i!a
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. /g!', r,
53. A. none #4*~ 4/
B. few %<8lLRl
C. any W]rK*Dc
D. some /u8m|S<
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 i7w>Nvj]
全部倒装 <k&Q"X:"
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” F\Gi;6a
There stand big buildings in this district. \]W*0t>s
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 'lym^^MjL+
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) jR#g>MDKB
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. !$x9 s'D
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