2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 l":\@rm`  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 f(}?Sp_  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 \0gU)tVZ  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 jz CA2N%  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) R@ksYC3 F  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. TVy\%FP^L  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. A7U]wW9  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). PfF5@W;E;  
　　真题剖析 o$PY0~#  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Cp!bsasj  
　　45. A. For j P(|pz  
　　B. As .J?cV;:`  
　　C. With ~w Ekbq=  
　　D. Because ks3ydHe`  
　　练习： zDakl*  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 4%refqWK  
　　8. A. is ^T>P  
　　B. having eMHBY6<~=  
　　C. being (^!$m7  
　　D. be zE,1zBS<  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 7+'&(^c  
　　虚拟语气(2) >6X$iBb0
 
　　1. (should)+动词原形 b8FSVV 7@  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 }Od=WQv+  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 f;{K+\T  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 s~i73Qk/  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 =Z 
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　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 xj
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　　would rather +动词过去式 ^55q~DP}>  
　　真题剖析 0bz':M#k &  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … u2o196,Ut  
　　47. A. do /#Gm`B T  
　　B. did *8%nbR  
　　C. don’t mb GL)NI  
　　D. didn’t 9O4\DRe5 c  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. {3@"}Eh  
　　53. A. ordered q;Rhx"x>T  
　　B. pleaded x'iBEm  
　　C. decided =Sjf-o1V  
　　D. demanded M`D`-vv  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. UA3!28Y&E3  
　　15. A. took .
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　　B. would take  HO}eu  
　　C. will take Ue&I]/?;$  
　　D. should take Ha/Gn !l  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. =`EVg>+^  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) yD yMI  
　　54.A. shall R+<M"LriR&  
　　B.will wDt9Lf O  
　　C.would V8947h|&  
　　D.should 2 #_i_j  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 91oAg[@4G  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 yP"D~u  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) oV;I8;#\J  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ? oQ_qleuo  
　　真题剖析 w=x [=O  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Senb_?  
　　60. A. dropped P~@.(hed  
　　B. to drop D8=a+!l-  
　　C. dropping v"V?  
　　D.drops s-e<&*D[  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. >mp "=Y  
　　59. A. destructive 2X`5YN;  
　　B. dissatisfied 8
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　　C. damaged Yg!xlrxA  
　　D. derivative v0W/7?D  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 4^{~MgQWK+  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 !^IAn  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. (T8dh|  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 1J[|Ow  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Na>?1F"KHk  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. o(3`-ucD`  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 11BfJvs:  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 _-nIy*',=  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 0RkiD8U5  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 }NF7"tOL  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. t_{rKb,  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) M|\C@,F]8  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) !/6KQdF  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. rEY5,'?YHv  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) yUlYf#`H  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. p WLFJH}N  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 JTfG^Nv>K  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. K91.-k3)$  
　　真题剖析 .h@HAnmE  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. WoX,F1o  
　　53. A. none :P: OQ[$  
　　B. few X8| 0RU@f  
　　C. any hwB>@r2  
　　D. some Y|y X]\,  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 n;0x\Q|S  
　　全部倒装 (d$ksf_[%f  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (Gpk;DD  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. :}}~ $$&  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. xH/Pw?^  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) `6`oLu\l  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Gw0MDV&[  
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