2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 B#B$w_z  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 <@A/`3_O)  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 "z=A=~~<{  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 B.
'@~$  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) I&q:w\\z8|  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 42Tjbten_u  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. \G#Qe*"'K  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). U@ALo  
　　真题剖析 vD[@cm  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. (+>+@G~o  
　　45. A. For e ! 6SJ7xC  
　　B. As ]BO{Q+?d2  
　　C. With =yz#L@\!  
　　D. Because ^ B=x-G.  
　　练习： dt',)i8D  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. wkdd&Nw;  
　　8. A. is o%Vf#W  
　　B. having K.*?\)&  
　　C. being ^t*+hFEI  
　　D. be UacN'Rat  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 f`:e#x  
　　虚拟语气(2) >tr_Ypfv,c  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 J.$<Lnt>u  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Ua5m2&U1  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 95T%n{rz  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 V~Tjz%<  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 'uo`-Y  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 }<2F]UuR  
　　would rather +动词过去式 6zRJ5uI,/  
　　真题剖析 umcbIi('  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … HoH3.AY X  
　　47. A. do bj
m`u3 A  
　　B. did ,*E%D_  
　　C. don’t D8m?`^Zz  
　　D. didn’t 
>h[tHM O  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. c*RZbE9k  
　　53. A. ordered o4w+)hh  
　　B. pleaded nI2}E  
　　C. decided g_0"T}09(  
　　D. demanded f#eTi&w  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Wn0r[h5t  
　　15. A. took E OtrrfT&  
　　B. would take oxO}m7ULH  
　　C. will take K8 |6r|x  
　　D. should take GVn
9=[r
 
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. +bdkqdB9  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ^z[s;:-  
　　54.A. shall .8b4  
　　B.will ;lYO)Z`3\  
　　C.would a P{xMB#1h  
　　D.should Wv=L_E_  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 cb'8Li8,j  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 WCR+ZXI?1  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) HoRLy*nU  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 7DOAG
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　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 U-WrZ| -  
　　真题剖析 ya:H{#%6  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. #:s'&.6  
　　60. A. dropped >W-e0kkH  
　　B. to drop < "~k8:=4  
　　C. dropping ^
f<f&V  
　　D.drops "hy#L 0\t  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. e}K
;5o=I  
　　59. A. destructive 'kx{0J?  
　　B. dissatisfied /f#rN_4  
　　C. damaged A)`M*(~  
　　D. derivative vm4]KEyrX  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 .-W
CB  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Pyyx/u+?@  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. DcOu=Y> 1  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. \ [>Rt  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 dDm<'30?*v  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. koqH~>ZtD  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 7s.sbP~  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 .S5&MNE  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Q2fa]*Z
5  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 C}00S{nAZ  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ~z< ? Wh  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) ;$%+TN  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ;- cq#8S  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 9]7^/g*!  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ?iia  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 
99ZQlX  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 (TY^ kySr  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. nKHyq\  
　　真题剖析 XDI@mQmzB  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 3ea6g5kX  
　　53. A. none Z#Zk)  
　　B. few /#Xz+#SqY  
　　C. any Z+vLEEX*uQ  
　　D. some N*$Q (K  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 goxgJOiB  
　　全部倒装 n\P{Mc  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” U~T/f-CT  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. 9pk<=F  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Uh9$e
 
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) lJKU^?4S8  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. G,$jU9 f  
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