(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 [;)~nPjI
1. 充当句子的状语。 DrW/KU,{+(
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 HW^{ ;'kH~
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 5/*)+
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) <?{ SU
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. \?aOExG
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. =#7s+ d-
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). h<t<]i'
真题剖析 ^!N;F"
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 7MR:X#2v>
45. A. For Z#H@BWN7
B. As BF@m)w.v
C. With KB$ vQ@N
D. Because fJ,8g/f8
练习: 0]f?Dx/8
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. @`#OC#
8. A. is E;ndw/GZjR
B. having J$o[$G_Z
C. being k
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D. be r>n8`W
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 Z3&XTsq
虚拟语气(2) P#M<CG9
1. (should)+动词原形 (cbB%
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 i[V,IP +
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 \J#I}-a&j
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 /jn:e"0~
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 'dd<<E
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ^;v.ytO*
would rather +动词过去式 5cv,
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真题剖析 >QbI)if`1
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … C 6:p Y-
47. A. do [xH2n\7
B. did 4.$hHFqS^5
C. don’t _ ;v_L
D. didn’t LQuYCfj|
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. J@&$U7t
53. A. ordered OmQuAG
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B. pleaded cc#_acR
C. decided {;wK,dU
D. demanded rSzXa4m(
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 4%Wn}@
15. A. took nY.Umj
B. would take vFkyfX(
C. will take <CdG[Ih
D. should take n$Oky-P"
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 4Q>jP3
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) D6@4
54.A. shall L< nkI
B.will )QJU]G
C.would Toa#>Z*+Rb
D.should azATKH+j
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 B3k],k
动名词、分词、不定式。 mU0r"\**c3
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 3C5D~9v
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) >@92K]J
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 1Tk\n
真题剖析 \Q
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Z[A|SyZp
60. A. dropped
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B. to drop kJ5?BdvM&
C. dropping P(gID
D.drops e"8m+]
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. )@&?i.
59. A. destructive ff+9(P>*
B. dissatisfied ClVpb ew
C. damaged ~k<31 ez
D. derivative V<R+A* gY:
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 ?9ho|
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 ("@V{<7(t
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 6}FDLBA
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. vrEaNT$J-
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 /xbF1@XtL
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4Xho0lO&
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 HC`3AQ12!&
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 9Q5P7}%p
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). >Ezwl5b
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 gBS#Z.
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !rqR]nd
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) }EG(!)u
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) <R8Z[H:bV
He no less than John is interested in literature. a~TZ9yg+HL
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) :pu{3-n.
Either my father or my brothers are coming. swgBPJ"?
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 T@WMT,J6j
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. WQC6{^/4[1
真题剖析 0-~x[\>>
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. U:jf9L2
53. A. none 25[/'7_"
B. few :P1c>:j[
C. any C7_T]e <
D. some Y
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(五)考博英语语法:倒装 ,#O8:s
全部倒装 ~8{3
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” /j@r~mt/pA
There stand big buildings in this district. lM%fgyX
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. >D#}B1(!
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) PCfs6.*5Mf
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. qE:DJy<
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