(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 2
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1. 充当句子的状语。 ynw^nmM
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 O!d^v9hM,
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 Uf
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4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 7V 4iPx
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. t}cj8DC!
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ]g IXG`
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Q&MZ/Nnf
真题剖析 u7^Z7;
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. %N/I;`
45. A. For _(
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B. As <9"s&G@
C. With zO2<Igb
D. Because k|BY 7C
练习: 56>Zqtp*
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. )Si`>o3T-.
8. A. is IB}.J,=
B. having &VR<'^>
C. being QDBptI:
D. be \Y>^L{
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 BR*""/3`
虚拟语气(2) ?
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1. (should)+动词原形 '(+l77G
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ~ZG>n{Q
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 @F=ZGmq
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 d^ipf*aLC
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 @a%,0Wn
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 b2U[W#
would rather +动词过去式 (cC5zv*E
真题剖析 "9LPq
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … dMRwQejY{7
47. A. do 1?7QS\`)fB
B. did eFsku8$<
C. don’t 9nM {x?
D. didn’t 5Tn4iyg;B
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. :".!6~:2
53. A. ordered vk{4:^6.TV
B. pleaded jG)>{D
C. decided Q{>9Dg
D. demanded Bfi9%:eG
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 7:bqh$3!s
15. A. took @3VL
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B. would take yQou8P=%
C. will take %*eZoLDg]
D. should take !ae@g
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. S1$\D!|1
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Qf=%%5+?8
54.A. shall 35&&*$Jm
B.will >V;<K?5B`W
C.would !Z4,UTu|Q
D.should qIb(uF@l"
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Ir0er~f+z
动名词、分词、不定式。 1$xt=*.u|
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Ln`c DZSM
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) >"`:w
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ve
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真题剖析 NiyAAw
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. K32eZv`T7
60. A. dropped )'fIrBT
B. to drop YVs{\1|'
C. dropping k]f73r
D.drops F$+_Z~yt3;
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. fF *a/\h %
59. A. destructive q=[0`--cd
B. dissatisfied ZnmBb_eX
C. damaged 2t(E+^~
D. derivative c*ytUI*
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 HX<5i>]0\u
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 %ecg19~L/}
How you got there doesn’t concern me. JH?[hb
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. =Wl
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 K-#Rm%J+Wy
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. "`
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 I[F.M}5:z
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 | @ mZ]`p
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). j~L{=ojz%
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 YSZz4?9\
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. y#T":jpR
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Hi|Oe
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) IS8ppu&E
He no less than John is interested in literature. &&>OhH`
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) \y<n{"a
Either my father or my brothers are coming. /
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 w#-rl@JQ4
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. H!
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真题剖析 @BBqH&<`
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. }rOO[,?Y
53. A. none lN^L#m*@
B. few rK"$@tc
C. any bBg?x
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D. some *<BasP
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 &@{Ba~S
全部倒装 ~KrzJp=5F
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Z7Mc.[C
There stand big buildings in this district. N{E>R&,q
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. y" P$:l
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) L,\ Yj
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. t7R; RF
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