2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ?N*>*"  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 KQ!8k
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　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 |4;Fd9q^m  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词
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　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Rq'S>#e  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. FrfM3x6UM  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. _)3|f<E_t)  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Q4#m\KK;i9  
　　真题剖析 -P$PAg5"2  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. NX*Q  F+  
　　45. A. For ZB= E}]v6  
　　B. As %}SrL*  
　　C. With ;#W2|'HD  
　　D. Because AUG#_HE]k  
　　练习： @e.C "@G  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. [Gb. JO}X  
　　8. A. is ]vUwG--*  
　　B. having 3)<yod=  
　　C. being t%0VJB,Q2  
　　D. be {L{o]Ii?g  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 =7=]{Cx[  
　　虚拟语气(2) 3wF;GG  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 l ^0@86  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 `,< B Cu  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 .5_2zat0H  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 gh]cXuph  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 lfow1WRF  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Z"xvh81P  
　　would rather +动词过去式 =4YhG;%  
　　真题剖析 76{G'}B  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … X'Xx"M  
　　47. A. do W:2( .?  
　　B. did 9s q  
　　C. don’t D%pF;XY  
　　D. didn’t lukB8  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. x=P\qjSa  
　　53. A. ordered cKI9#t_  
　　B. pleaded &DX! f  
　　C. decided A}9`S6@@  
　　D. demanded -uG+BraI  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. PJ%C N(0  
　　15. A. took WSB0~+  
　　B. would take j</: WRA`]  
　　C. will take %ntRG!  
　　D. should take T.BW H2gRP  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. XNkn|q2  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) pz*3N  
　　54.A. shall gR;i(81U  
　　B.will ^6V[=!& H  
　　C.would .Yn_*L+4*  
　　D.should }&J q}j  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 0'C1YvF  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 k?^z;Tlvw  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ;?p>e
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) VU3upy<  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 JK5gQ3C[  
　　真题剖析 !_)[/q"  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. <PH#[dH  
　　60. A. dropped ]N?kG`[  
　　B. to drop 0aB;p7~&  
　　C. dropping /y}xX  
　　D.drops 8<Av@9 *}  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. W/h[A3 `3N  
　　59. A. destructive /82b S|  
　　B. dissatisfied @Jw-8Q{  
　　C. damaged kt:! 7  
　　D. derivative uKHxe~  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 eng'X-x  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 h2d(?vOT  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. MQ8J<A Pf-  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. q(84+{>B  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 $>LQ6|XRu  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. wFZP,fQ9l  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 P&LsVR{#  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 PdWx|y{%  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 7qS)c}Q\  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 sQZhXaMa $  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. I; rGD^  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) F:S}w  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) =T7.~W  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. $IpccZpA  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) qIT@g"%}t  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. DN6Mo<H  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 r9?Mw06Wc5  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. h/Y'<:  
　　真题剖析 TB31- ()  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ZbKg~jdF  
　　53. A. none < =IFcN  
　　B. few hM
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　　C. any d&>^&>?$zh  
　　D. some cFXp  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 =?8@#]G+  
　　全部倒装 m9;SrCN _  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” @
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　　There stand big buildings in this district. ))Za&S*<  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. uPvEwq* C  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) {{!-Gr  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. %(Icz?  
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