（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 ;Mw<{X-
1. 充当句子的状语。 h2jrO9
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 & /m0N\n?
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ZR] p7{8B
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) `d c&B
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. `. i #3P
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. KWS \ iu
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Y{K N:|i.!
真题剖析 /07iQcT(
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. = W*Ro+wWb
45. A. For w` GjQIA
B. As V~#8lu7;
C. With f_|pl^
D. Because x)R1a q
练习： ]FNe&o1zX
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Skl:~'W.&|
8. A. is V= g u'~
B. having &8;Fi2}(L
C. being (I/ZI'Ydy
D. be g '+2bQ
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 )Vz=:.D
虚拟语气(2) /&H l62Ak
1. (should)+动词原形 (]Q0L{~K
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 |J
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 } #q0K
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 SJ}PV:x
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 c8N pk<
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 d};[^q6X
would rather +动词过去式 z57q |
真题剖析 >]HvXEdNZ|
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … W!+eJ!Da
47. A. do [{0/'+;9
B. did (&=3 Y8
C. don’t DoNN;^H
D. didn’t I^) _rOgM
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. (
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53. A. ordered nf-6 [dg
B. pleaded E#A}2|7,g
C. decided pxI[/vS
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D. demanded .] 0:`Y,;
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. -
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15. A. took iOk`_LG #
B. would take
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C. will take VVE
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D. should take aI;fNy /K
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *&5./WEOH
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 1wE` kbC<
54.A. shall cpH *!*S
B.will /GO((v+J
C.would {qm5H7sL
D.should Sq5}v]k@&
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 *CV I@:Q9
动名词、分词、不定式。 Ko!a`I2M}
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) >J,I xRGi
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) MnQ 6 !1Z
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 %+dRjG ~TB
真题剖析 "Z"`X3,-z
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Q@s G6 iz
60. A. dropped 9? |m ^
B. to drop ioslarw1J
C. dropping vX*kvEG
D.drops F3nP Qw{;
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ?' $} k
59. A. destructive i;J*9B
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B. dissatisfied ]Gl5Qf:+z
C. damaged 6a6N$v"
D. derivative g:>dF#
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 &qV_|f;
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 LfsOGC
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ,`( Qs7)Xx
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 6}_J;g\|
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ]Wc 2$
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. A:?w1"7gT
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ZQ~EaI9R
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 XOzZ
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). s`L>mRw`
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 (P nrY~ 9
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 1c $iW>0K
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) =!2(7Nr
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) `{\10j*B
He no less than John is interested in literature. h{Y#. j~aS
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) /7b$C]@k
Either my father or my brothers are coming. QsPL^ Ny
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Oc ^bbC
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. N Z~"2~Hh
真题剖析 K-7i4
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. y7#vH<
53. A. none s KOy6v
B. few a EqDxr6
C. any n]%yf9,w
D. some %D*yXNsY
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 q0QB[)AP
全部倒装 y :8Oc?
1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
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There stand big buildings in this district. TWJ%? /d
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. WUq fY?5
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) v"smmQZik
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. {AqPQeNgz
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