2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 k =!
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　　1. 充当句子的状语。 47q> q  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 >d +
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 <z<>E1ZLI  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) HRf;bKZ  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ,2FK$:M\  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. y!FO  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). nR_Zrm  
　　真题剖析 <*(Z}p  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. %f]#P8VP  
　　45. A. For _;HdX$op  
　　B. As oIhKMQ;jh  
　　C. With ?NMk|+  
　　D. Because `!]|lI!GW  
　　练习： 37hdZt.,  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. H>TO8;5(  
　　8. A. is JK/{IkF  
　　B. having Btm,'kBG  
　　C. being Q}AZkZ  
　　D. be
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　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 s$M(-"mg  
　　虚拟语气(2) (y9KO56.V&  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 h^3gYL7O6  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 h:4(Gm;  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 8V:;HY#  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 EFX2>&mWo8  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 0*{(R#  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 #h;  
　　would rather +动词过去式 JxVGzb
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　　真题剖析 @)Vpj\jM-C  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … #UM,)bH  
　　47. A. do CNNqS ^ct  
　　B. did [mtp -4*  
　　C. don’t Nv5^2^Sc=  
　　D. didn’t A]BeI  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. <pX?x3-'  
　　53. A. ordered u]*7",R uU  
　　B. pleaded k~[jk5te  
　　C. decided fK/:  
　　D. demanded K,S 4  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. MzvhE0ab  
　　15. A. took I!/32* s1t  
　　B. would take PD&e6;rj;  
　　C. will take YIe1AF}   
　　D. should take k3Yu"GY^  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. l,@>J9}Se  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ucl001EK  
　　54.A. shall $0Y`>3  
　　B.will T!jh`;D+  
　　C.would A'EI1_3{  
　　D.should e:G~P u`  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 $yOB-  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 Q
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) >LPb>t5%p  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) hb3n- rO  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 w UvE  
　　真题剖析 n@pwOHQn<|  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Yc#Uu8f-  
　　60. A. dropped ZA=J`->k  
　　B. to drop 2|k$Vfz  
　　C. dropping rxp|[>O<  
　　D.drops q^[t</_N  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. `}Y)l:G*g  
　　59. A. destructive A f`Kg-c_(  
　　B. dissatisfied x(c+~4:_M  
　　C. damaged `n>/MY  
　　D. derivative ..yV=idI  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 jI,[(Z>  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 &S="]
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　　How you got there doesn’t concern me.  ]]p\1G  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. U)dcemQY  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 +  }"+  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. $z!G%PO1%  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 .]>Tj^1  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 %Za}q]?  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). q%,86A>  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ltOS()[X  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !$n@:W/  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) `:'ciY|%b  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) `GE8? UO-  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. huqtk4u  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) )i /w:g>  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. ^m7y=CJM  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 cPcH 8Vd  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. [ as,AX  
　　真题剖析 3^KR{N p  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. i7)J|(N2.  
　　53. A. none (?A c`H  
　　B. few ";dS~(~  
　　C. any 2lfEJw($  
　　D. some '-myOM7  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 [! U%''  
　　全部倒装 wMk
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　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .S:(O+#Gm  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. `(j~b=PP  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 'g<"@SS+  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) <f (z\pi1  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. X:t?'41m\  
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