2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ?fc<3q"  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 \"5p)(  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 .H&XP

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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 _tQM<~Y]u\  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) .+ lx}#-#  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. (&_~eYZU  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
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　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). gS|6,A9  
　　真题剖析 4O{,oN~7  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. qR%as0;  
　　45. A. For Tg=P*HY6  
　　B. As f|j<Mj+\  
　　C. With G6\`Iy68/v  
　　D. Because UMPW<>z  
　　练习： >I+p;V$@  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. G) 37?A )  
　　8. A. is  -f<}lhmQ  
　　B. having "837b/>/  
　　C. being e%=SgXl2t  
　　D. be g-/ }*ml  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 @)ls+}=Y  
　　虚拟语气(2) 2frwU~y  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 sP>-k7K
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　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 7H,)heA  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 nM!_C-
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　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 r#J_;P{U  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ^--8 cLB n  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Fgi;%  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ]r\!Z <<(  
　　真题剖析 K}Q:L(SSr\  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … o"p['m*g  
　　47. A. do @J'tPW<$  
　　B. did sy(.p^Z  
　　C. don’t Ir Y\Q)  
　　D. didn’t vm=d?*cR  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. CSBDSz  
　　53. A. ordered P!XO8X 1F  
　　B. pleaded l.BiE<&  
　　C. decided @=BApuer+  
　　D. demanded Io{BO.K*Y  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. D&OskM60  
　　15. A. took nXERj; Q"  
　　B. would take Fx:4d$>;  
　　C. will take n8i : /ypB  
　　D. should take 27}0
  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. hd`jf97*  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) =JxEM7r  
　　54.A. shall XQ8q)B=  
　　B.will C(M?$s`  
　　C.would $v5 >6+-n  
　　D.should *]!rT&E  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 {YwdhwJP  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。  Ve<f}  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) C 1)+^{7ef  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) U
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　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 3EE_"}H>  
　　真题剖析 L^K,YlNBR  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. KDj/
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　　60. A. dropped hDc
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　　B. to drop 8/;@4^Ux  
　　C. dropping *w}r:04 F  
　　D.drops +Eel|)Z*Q  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. 3_]QtP3  
　　59. A. destructive AtxC(gm 1  
　　B. dissatisfied b~(S;1NS'  
　　C. damaged FtlJ3fB@  
　　D. derivative pimI)1 !$'  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 x6
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　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 !sYZ1;WAO  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. v9(N}hoP  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Mky^X,r  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 qac:"z'9  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. w{N8Y~O  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ;alt%:$n  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 U!YoZ?  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). v?n# C  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ++O
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　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 5glEV`.je  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) /UaQ2h\  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) \x5>H:\Y  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. Bx.hFEL  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) $>Ow<!c  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. z]=Ks_7  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 q6x}\$mL  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. UQWv)  
　　真题剖析 7nM<P4\  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. x}x)h3e  
　　53. A. none 4`7~~:W!M5  
　　B. few 0 t/mLw&  
　　C. any T8x/&g''  
　　D. some 9<"F3 F0|  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 *$/Go8t4u  
　　全部倒装 {xP-p"?p  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” R
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　　There stand big buildings in this district. f<R 3ND)  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. kHQn'r6  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) W!TTfj   
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. '%YTMN@  
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