2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 9Ra*bP ]1  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 9ldv*9v  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 dI};l  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 `83s97Sa  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) rl"$6{Z}  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. *mwHuGbZed  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. }8`W%_Yk  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ?NkweT(  
　　真题剖析 OeLM*Zi  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. '#pY/,hVB  
　　45. A. For QhR.8iS  
　　B. As BWRAz*V  
　　C. With 4LO4SYW7  
　　D. Because 5P'o+Vwz  
　　练习： > ka*-8 ?  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }81eef4$S  
　　8. A. is trl Z^K  
　　B. having q=Xda0c  
　　C. being 3*INDD=  
　　D. be /q[5- 96c  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 z 3((L  
　　虚拟语气(2) IY_u|7d  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 }Rl^7h<!  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ~hiJOaCzM  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 rFn %e  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 F s+ CY  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 /1D]\k()  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 <7  
　　would rather +动词过去式 -o: ifF|  
　　真题剖析 "^gV.  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ;&iZ{  
　　47. A. do F"I{_yleq'  
　　B. did '2LK(uaU  
　　C. don’t "p Rr>Fa  
　　D. didn’t MZPX
I{G  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. KH=4A-e,0  
　　53. A. ordered _.}1 Y,Q  
　　B. pleaded /kZ{+4M  
　　C. decided m%$GiNs}  
　　D. demanded 8VWkUsOoI  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. O8\>?4)  
　　15. A. took 1&7~.S;km  
　　B. would take ^k#.;Q#4  
　　C. will take \+9~\eeXb  
　　D. should take WSi`KNX  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. sLHUQ(S!  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) !k5I#w:  
　　54.A. shall Jm#mC  
　　B.will II,snRD  
　　C.would ( M$2CL  
　　D.should 1J{1>r  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ^i;y2c  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 __mnz``/Y  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 7>
@g)%",  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) \h{M\bSIEa  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 W]TO%x{  
　　真题剖析 ",O}{z  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. !kpnBgmU  
　　60. A. dropped %C1*`"Jb&  
　　B. to drop Yw!(]8PYdU  
　　C. dropping Ho^rYz  
　　D.drops ^q@6((O  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. IncHY?ud<  
　　59. A. destructive 8am/5o  
　　B. dissatisfied e/J|wM9Ak  
　　C. damaged lFZ}.  
　　D. derivative gX'nFGqud  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 #q-7#pp  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 {E3329t|'  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 13f@Ox$  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 7[/1uI9U8K  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 q\I2lZ  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. tUr
wg  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ;Q{~jT  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 O\z]1`i*o  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 2<X.kM?N{B  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 I<}<!.Bc!  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. M~SbIk<#a<  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) uB*Y}"Fn  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) id=:J7!QU  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. w1q`  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Ug~]!L  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. W6y-~  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ~MZEAY9  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. wusj;v4C4M  
　　真题剖析 GyP.;$NHa[  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. n72+X  
　　53. A. none OdWZYWj  
　　B. few ~IhLjE  
　　C. any tUXly|k  
　　D. some ob(S/t  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 m&&Y=2  
　　全部倒装 [.[|rnil  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” $bdtiD  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. >dU.ic?19  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. k&M
9Hn2  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) K>_~zWnc  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. }r _d{nhi  
<Z:Fnp