2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 $nE{%?n-#  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 `jE[Xt"@  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 1ubu~6  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 #*.!J zOg  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) b-&rMML  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ]KFh1  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. mE<_oRM)  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). TQn!MUj/^  
　　真题剖析 s$#64"F  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. -m`|Sq  
　　45. A. For B /;(#{U;  
　　B. As K
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　　C. With FF8jW1  
　　D. Because IUOf/mM5  
　　练习： S|= )^$:  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. I=L["]  
　　8. A. is P` Zon  
　　B. having XIIq0I  
　　C. being C1-U2@  
　　D. be &eV5#Ph  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 f,O10`4s  
　　虚拟语气(2) I[%IW4jJ  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 KF7w{ A){  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 (%R%UkwP9  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 -)-:rRx-  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 >"/TiQt  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ]{tWfv|Xg8  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 7T[L5-g  
　　would rather +动词过去式 / [6wm1?!  
　　真题剖析 0/~p1SSun  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … E zcch1  
　　47. A. do +/&rO,Ql  
　　B. did VY/r2o#  
　　C. don’t H'S~GP4D  
　　D. didn’t z\v  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. =F[M>o  
　　53. A. ordered ydD:6bBX  
　　B. pleaded J|xXo
  
　　C. decided ;R >>,&g  
　　D. demanded pYCMJK-H  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. |%4nU#GoB  
　　15. A. took n}NUe`E_h  
　　B. would take R?:K\  
　　C. will take xD7Y"%Pbx  
　　D. should take CEk[&39"  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. J{Ij  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) F
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　　54.A. shall 1|*%  
　　B.will fpNq  
　　C.would = r=/L  
　　D.should 6#d+BBKIc  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 :@~3wD[y  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 w#(E+s~}  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) $v{sb,  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) "=f,4Zbj  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Y0'~u+KS`5  
　　真题剖析 ue *mTMN  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. K<l dl.  
　　60. A. dropped $I@. <J*  
　　B. to drop D>#Jh>4
 
　　C. dropping 6l?KX  
　　D.drops 5PHAd4=bJ  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. >>7m'-k%D  
　　59. A. destructive fwyz|>H_Y(  
　　B. dissatisfied Xo4K!U>TzZ  
　　C. damaged ET]`  
　　D. derivative EJrQ9"x&n  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 U}`HN*Q.q  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 zI>,A|yy  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. r +l3J>:K  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. /Big^ ^u  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 EEp,Z`  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Jqi^Z*PuX  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 zwX1&rN  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ~|)'vK8W  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). szb],)|18  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 {Uu|NA87Cd  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Qjh @oWT  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) {#1}YGpiVM  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) E>SLR8!Cv  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. t7DT5SrR  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) S-6%mYf  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. y|%rW  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 5Y97?n+6  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. S2fBZ=V8  
　　真题剖析 1e#}+i!a  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. /g!', r,  
　　53. A. none #4*~ 4/  
　　B. few %<8lLRl  
　　C. any
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　　D. some /u8m|S<  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 i7w>Nvj]  
　　全部倒装 <k&Q"X:"  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” F\Gi;6a  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. \]W*0t>s  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 'lym^^MjL+  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) jR#g>MDKB  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. !$x9s'D  
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