2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 >'e B2  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 nt drXg  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 YW'{|9KnI  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ? 7/W>  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) G(:s-x ig6  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. KbXbT  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. $*YC7f  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). wT
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　　真题剖析 RP,A!pa@  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. gTqeJWX9wP  
　　45. A. For P{"WlJ  
　　B. As VV?]U$  
　　C. With /_$~rW  
　　D. Because \d `dV0X  
　　练习： AF6d#Klog  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. BO?mQu~  
　　8. A. is fndK/~?]H
 
　　B. having t)\D  
　　C. being 8T8pAs0 p  
　　D. be 8FxcI!A@  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 @PT`CK}  
　　虚拟语气(2) cYZwWMzp  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 \K u9"x  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 :hC {5!|  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 1 ;_{US5FR  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 jf$JaY  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 g2 +l@$W  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 :*mA,2s  
　　would rather +动词过去式 _ff =B  
　　真题剖析 ]NaMZ  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … X)`(nj  
　　47. A. do s,eld@  
　　B. did DePV,.  
　　C. don’t ddUjs8VvJ  
　　D. didn’t {toyQ)C7  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. Ybs=W<-  
　　53. A. ordered vDu0  
　　B. pleaded 1$='`@8I  
　　C. decided o~i]W.SI(  
　　D. demanded 5?V?  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Z]mM  
　　15. A. took l%sp[uqcg  
　　B. would take GN htnB  
　　C. will take 6. +[ z  
　　D. should take n:5O9,umZ  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. HI"!n$p  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) |QAeQWP+1  
　　54.A. shall 2a._?(k_y  
　　B.will 9#Aipu\  
　　C.would s T :tFK\  
　　D.should b'Fx),  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词
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　　动名词、分词、不定式。 "oE^R?m  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) +E q~X=x  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) WuP([8  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 t6<sNzF&  
　　真题剖析 1K? & J2  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ?BHWzo!  
　　60. A. dropped . yK\
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　　B. to drop |l6<GWG+  
　　C. dropping jM3Y|}+  
　　D.drops |g?/~%7  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. Kh:#S|
  
　　59. A. destructive e\d5SKY  
　　B. dissatisfied we:5gK&  
　　C. damaged /+<%,c$n  
　　D. derivative c5B_WqjJ  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ,IT)zCpaBP  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 8aZey_Hw;+  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. Y6;0khp  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ~x0-iBF  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 l# !@{ <  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. +]S;U&vQ  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 F)E7(Un`8  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 H%01&u  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). nIT^'  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 4ye`;hXy  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ](9{}DHV  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) qh)!|
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　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) cT>z  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. }<\65 B$1  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ?2<6#>(7a  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. <_sT]?N#  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 k9_VhR|!  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. #a'x)$2;R|  
　　真题剖析 Z z;<P  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. W &0@&
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　　53. A. none  jC/JiI  
　　B. few {ck  
　　C. any L yA(.  
　　D. some S)'q :`tZo  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 e}Af"LI  
　　全部倒装 $MJDB  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 1[gjb((  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. h-_0 A]  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 2`FsG/o\T~  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) P"PeLB9K  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. <1g1hqK3  
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