2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 g^"",!J/  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 uXW<8( %W  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Zse3e  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 <r.f ?chf  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Jg3}U j2By  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. aB-*l %x  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. c*K-?n9YMz  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). m C_v!nL.  
　　真题剖析 P~iu|j  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. "EF:+gi#"  
　　45. A. For &G5+bUF,  
　　B. As )!hDF9O  
　　C. With T Ll*gED  
　　D. Because %
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　　练习： soA>&b!?  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Wk$[;>NU3  
　　8. A. is KQaw*T[Q3w  
　　B. having /cexd_l|f  
　　C. being F
N;X"it.  
　　D. be 8V`r*:\  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 E {4/$}  
　　虚拟语气(2) nBjf R2TuF  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 0!o&=Qh  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 }7+G'=XI/  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 +*a:\b"fx  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 v)!Rir5  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 rr'RX  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 \;I%>yOIu  
　　would rather +动词过去式 k]l
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　　真题剖析 *5hg}[n2  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … uXxyw7\W  
　　47. A. do aRdk^|}  
　　B. did ^, q\S  
　　C. don’t 4(& W>E  
　　D. didn’t `]_#_  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. Q*ZqY  
　　53. A. ordered M,8a$Mdqh  
　　B. pleaded h<4WY#Y  
　　C. decided VzA~w` $d  
　　D. demanded ha1 J^e  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. $L)9'X  
　　15. A. took _'  Xt  
　　B. would take ow:c$Zq  
　　C. will take $T8Ni!#/C  
　　D. should take /PE3>"|wE  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Q 6{2@  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 6P;IKOv^  
　　54.A. shall Xnt`7L<L  
　　B.will 6{8qATLR  
　　C.would )Uw QsP  
　　D.should e]!C Aj7uS  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Os?G_ziIB  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 R{NmWj['Mg  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) _&DI_'5q+  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) # 5v 2`|)  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 "(F>?pq  
　　真题剖析 ,+3l9FuQ  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. %0YwaxXPn7  
　　60. A. dropped O(!J^J3_z  
　　B. to drop (~?P7RnU%  
　　C. dropping 9`f]Rf"  
　　D.drops ;+>-uPT/1  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. x/{  
　　59. A. destructive U;Se'*5xv  
　　B. dissatisfied pa N )t  
　　C. damaged ]sE~gro  
　　D. derivative X3tpW`alo  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 )?^0<l#s  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Lfx&DK !  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ~=aD*v<3d  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. PEW^Vl-6q  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 |Kky+*  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. m]R< :_  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 rbS67--]  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 rY4{,4V  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ;g?oU"YM  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 dqwAQ-x  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. %Ui&SZ\  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) GKu@8Ol-wu  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ~J^Gz l  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. d@#!,P5`  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 'e^,#L_!o  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. IeLG/ fB  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 AP'UcA  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. XrS.[  
　　真题剖析 FPE[}  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. Y*/:IYr`  
　　53. A. none E;.<'t>  
　　B. few _tTtq/z<  
　　C. any U+>!DtOYK  
　　D. some .I$Q3
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　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 +dq&9N/  
　　全部倒装 ) (unL`y  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” :akEl7/&  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. ukHSHsR  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. DXu#07\  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) $"1Unu&P  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ,~u5SR  
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