2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ~X'hRNFx~  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 Y8fel2;  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 jCg4$),b  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 |OZ>
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　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) `V*$pHo  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ZKB27D_vg>  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. M{Vi4ehOq  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 6}\J-A/  
　　真题剖析 7Fb! ;W#X  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. M=EV^Tw-=  
　　45. A. For 'm/`= QX  
　　B. As 
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　　C. With 0F&(}`V  
　　D. Because C33RXt$X  
　　练习： #!4 HSBf  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. n3s   
　　8. A. is gy5R"_MU  
　　B. having o&?:pE  
　　C. being 4zqO!nk  
　　D. be difAQ<`  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 g6.Tx]?b$  
　　虚拟语气(2) Dq*O8*#*  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 1X#gHstD  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 8fb<hq<  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 kY~o3p<  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 XILreATK@  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 7KV0g1GQ  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ()(/ 9t  
　　would rather +动词过去式 -Dr)+Y  
　　真题剖析 s-T#- raE  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … DG 6W ^  
　　47. A. do >8w=Vlp  
　　B. did x:`"tJa  
　　C. don’t #Dl=K<I  
　　D. didn’t [?VkwFD0  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. $6*6%T5}  
　　53. A. ordered b ("M8}o  
　　B. pleaded ^eCMATE  
　　C. decided ,<]~/5-f  
　　D. demanded $5J~4B"%3  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. O|Y~^:ny  
　　15. A. took ~)]R  
　　B. would take *T
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　　C. will take kZ<"hsh,Y'  
　　D. should take V})b.\"F  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. +y9WJ   
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) DkeFDzQ5  
　　54.A. shall DY8w\1g"  
　　B.will 'qiDh[ATa  
　　C.would 9{XV=a v  
　　D.should O <"\G!y~  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 0E/,l``p  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 3 cF4xUIZ  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) zF#:Uc`C5U  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Y3?)*kz%  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 M|}V6F_y  
　　真题剖析 \??20iz  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. $Lt'xW`8  
　　60. A. dropped 8;"HM5+  
　　B. to drop v)%0`%nSR  
　　C. dropping 4-JyK %m,0  
　　D.drops `xF^9;5mi  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. +CXtTasP  
　　59. A. destructive V&Q_iE  
　　B. dissatisfied y4j\y ? T8  
　　C. damaged VhLS*YiSY  
　　D. derivative MWJ}  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ';KWHk8C  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 J *;= f8  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. <KBS ;t="1  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. k\KI#.>  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 }0AoV&75  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.  G|.6%-  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ky@ZEp=  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 8'#L+$O &N  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). x,LYfy"0  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 vE&K!k`  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ,Rdw]O  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) /Csk"IfuO  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) =B0AG9Fz  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. ?.^n, [2  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 9xaie
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　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. Q PrP3DK  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ag6[Nk  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 1 xjWD30  
　　真题剖析 Scfe6+\EW  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. E?
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　　53. A. none L [&|<<c  
　　B. few ;e6L@)dp9  
　　C. any 6'Q*SO;1gh  
　　D. some V-dyeb  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 S/dj])g  
　　全部倒装 j937tn!Q  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” `#4q7v~>oe  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. jHk.]4&0  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ,*8)aZ1k  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 9r>iP L2H  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 3hcWR'|  
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