2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 }'{(rU  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 QdRMp n}q  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 c qq+#39iC  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 Txxc-$z  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 4 8DsRy  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. t _W |`  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ^TjFR*S'E  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ks{s Q@~  
　　真题剖析 ]*Hz'  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. ,s2.l/5r;C  
　　45. A. For &sRyM'XI  
　　B. As NubD 2  
　　C. With crT[;w  
　　D. Because p?`N<ykF<  
　　练习： 6nwO:?1o9  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. J@5 OZFMZ  
　　8. A. is D^u{zZy@e  
　　B. having 2.[qc
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　　C. being /t/q$X  
　　D. be fx|9*|E  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 07#!b~N  
　　虚拟语气(2) Yv;aQF"a  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 [ M'1aBx^  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 V+8+ 17^  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 =_86{wlk  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 W)_B(;$]  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Y}6)jzBV  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 NX;&V7  
　　would rather +动词过去式 }lY-
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　　真题剖析 0QpWt  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 9D<HJ(  
　　47. A. do . FruI#99  
　　B. did $X?V_K;9/  
　　C. don’t t|q=NK/  
　　D. didn’t fP|\1Y?CS  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. BpCSf.zZ  
　　53. A. ordered 'UyL%h;nJ  
　　B. pleaded 5Zov<+kE  
　　C. decided AM[:Og S  
　　D. demanded 87Kx7CKF"  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. wnX6XyUH  
　　15. A. took Ojs\2('u  
　　B. would take _=]
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　　C. will take SS`
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　　D. should take liTr3T`,V  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. V*aTDU%-.  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) NO$Nl/XM  
　　54.A. shall 0#JBz\  
　　B.will U QFuEI<1-  
　　C.would J0 P  
　　D.should _X[c19q  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ;vitg"Zh>  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 Q?@G>uz  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) J[
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Ce:ds%  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 4Z] 35*  
　　真题剖析 %vXQ Sz  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Zux2VepT  
　　60. A. dropped [7V]=] p  
　　B. to drop ooQ(bF  
　　C. dropping .yPx'_e  
　　D.drops H~Cfni;  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. _HsvF[\[  
　　59. A. destructive C)w*aU,(  
　　B. dissatisfied mxGN[%ve  
　　C. damaged fsd>4t:"\  
　　D. derivative %Qq)=J<H;  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 I>aa'em  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 c29Z1Zs2)  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. /5Loj&!=  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Oe`t!&v  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 7w,FA  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. U5"OhI  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 V m.@qO*=  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 W<"\hQI  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 5g5NTm`=<  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 |T*qAJ8c  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. q;.]e#wvh  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 46Nf|~
 
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Wh5O{G@Ut  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. ?` i/  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) >N-%  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. }3w b*,Sbz  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 i&)C,  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. D|9fHMg%  
　　真题剖析 N1~$ +  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. _`>7 Q),7  
　　53. A. none !U:s.^{  
　　B. few r:4IKuTR  
　　C. any ZGhoV#T@  
　　D. some n5*7~K"C  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 }TJ|d=  
　　全部倒装  **w~  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” sA-W^*+  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. q- (NZno  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. fMPq  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) O'|P|  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ^jjJM|a  
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