2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 6L~tUe.G  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 I#]$H#}Av  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 s57-<&@J9  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 j]#-DIL  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 88dq8T4  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 6E!CxXUX  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. P|[i{h  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 1|L3} 2  
　　真题剖析 0@9.h{s@  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. *S).@j\{W  
　　45. A. For LDJ=<c!  
　　B. As 0YsC@r47wL  
　　C. With 2Et7o/\<  
　　D. Because ;P-xKRU!Xx  
　　练习： <uugT9By  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. V}#2pP  
　　8. A. is 4s<*rKm~  
　　B. having hCX}*  
　　C. being xud  
　　D. be U$J l5[`F^  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ]_S&8F}|  
　　虚拟语气(2) -Bqn^ E  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 x}G["ZU}v]  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 1;p'2-x  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 
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　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 <;d? E%`  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ;4E0%@R  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 $/%|0tQ  
　　would rather +动词过去式 /@5X
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　　真题剖析 cvpcadN[  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … Y`QJcC(3  
　　47. A. do W@w#A]  
　　B. did L Ty[)  
　　C. don’t )1a3W7  
　　D. didn’t r"OVu~ND  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. !<3(+H  
　　53. A. ordered sgDlT=c'  
　　B. pleaded "E;]?s9x  
　　C. decided T<\Q4Coth  
　　D. demanded U}7a;4?  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. jb8v3L  
　　15. A. took _r8.I9|  
　　B. would take d-g&TSGd  
　　C. will take & ZgB
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　　D. should take PNLtpixZ  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Mg]q^T.a  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 'G3B02*  
　　54.A. shall *P&ZE   
　　B.will GMLq3_'  
　　C.would dOArXp`s  
　　D.should a!}.l< )  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 t%<nS=u  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 _ 97  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0"$Ui#r`  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ~HsPYc8Fz  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ;w@PnY  
　　真题剖析 M@S6V7  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. }wrZP}zM>  
　　60. A. dropped j"*Z S'0  
　　B. to drop mmm025.   
　　C. dropping 6|3$43J,F  
　　D.drops .w^M?}dx  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. L3P_  
　　59. A. destructive 1 ry:Z2  
　　B. dissatisfied pc<")9U%/  
　　C. damaged 7Xm7{`jH  
　　D. derivative S P)$K=  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 _H(m 4~M  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 l@nkR&4[  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. j8nG Gx  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. P0,) Gw  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 oqHI `Tu  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. oX@nWQBc_  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 \[oU7r}?/V  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 ]kx)/n-K  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). \k_0wt2x1  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 d9h"Q  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. w<-8cvNhiz  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) fQc2K|V  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) t<sg8U.  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. DbFTNoVR  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) {X<mr~  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. _@jBz"aq\  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 F@4XORO;  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 2KMLpO&De  
　　真题剖析 @kC>+4s!  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. c)gG  
　　53. A. none EU.vw0}u8  
　　B. few ZYZQ?
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　　C. any ork/:y9*y  
　　D. some 4Waot
 
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 q/~U[.C  
　　全部倒装 rXXIpQRi$S  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” HByk 1  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. @54, I  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ]C^D5(t/cd  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) #<|5<U  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. WV_y@H_  
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