2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 Q'K$L9q  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ,r`UBQ}?  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 NXI[q'y  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 "Pj}E=!k  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) YeyGN  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 74f 9|~%  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. v{y{sA  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 6I>^Pf'ND  
　　真题剖析 /oL8;:m  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Js{=i>D  
　　45. A. For ,@.EpbB  
　　B. As 7
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　　C. With j
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　　D. Because 0^ &!6R  
　　练习： iM5vrz`n  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. X+l'bp]Ry
 
　　8. A. is %Q~CB7ILK  
　　B. having .=<$S#x^Hb  
　　C. being yZ3nRiuRT  
　　D. be h{_*oBa  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 4l @)K9F  
　　虚拟语气(2) Fn+?u  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 \#6Fm_b]u  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句
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　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 L`[z[p{?  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 4["&O=:d  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 p]ivf  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 X G 0v  
　　would rather +动词过去式 C@gXT]Q 0}  
　　真题剖析 |d}MxS`^  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … _MfD  
　　47. A. do b,<9  
　　B. did <Kt3PyF  
　　C. don’t CxF-Z7 '  
　　D. didn’t uf'4'  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. .p&Yr% ~  
　　53. A. ordered thW<   
　　B. pleaded m*e YC  
　　C. decided EKZVF`L  
　　D. demanded OB^T q~i  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. i7Z=|&  
　　15. A. took *xs!5|n+  
　　B. would take z#
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　　C. will take ]v29 Rx  
　　D. should take Y+-xvx :  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. p>*i$  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) C)
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　　54.A. shall 39TT{>?`w  
　　B.will lU2c_4  
　　C.would {}Ejt:rKN  
　　D.should [=%YV# O  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 lmCZ8 j(FF  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 C+V* Fh3  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) =VP=|g  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) JXU2CyMY  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 fI|[Z+"  
　　真题剖析
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　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ;/8{N0  
　　60. A. dropped SU%DW46  
　　B. to drop |M~ON=  
　　C. dropping yy2I2Bv  
　　D.drops Q(@IK&v  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. HgRwiIt  
　　59. A. destructive l=P'B @,  
　　B. dissatisfied {Gi h&N  
　　C. damaged )g1a'G  
　　D. derivative x4K`]Fvhl  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 HZ"Evl|n  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 j|(Z#3J  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ]$iN#d|ZU  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 6XV<? 9q  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 K%g;NW  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. m}Y
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　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 \FzM4-  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 :14i?4Fd  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ":;@Hnb/  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 7^e +  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. NeOxpn[  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) JhK/']R  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ?pGkk=,KB  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 2 h|e  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) =_TaA(79  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. le>Wm&E  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 qoU3"8  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. rP=sG;d  
　　真题剖析 \c`oy=qY0  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ra7uU*  
　　53. A. none [IBQvL  
　　B. few BN_7Ay/k  
　　C. any (Ye>Cp+]  
　　D. some f
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　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 -M5=r>1;  
　　全部倒装 deX5yrvOie  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Vd9@Dy  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. 0Fr1Ku!  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ^U7OMl4Usq  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) $ItF])Bj5N  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. r4 dOK] 0  
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