（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 ^uiQZ%;
1. 充当句子的状语。 1
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 b#%$y
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 :?!b\LJ2^
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) T0;8koj^_
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Tv[| ^ G9x
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). G+~ f
真题剖析 V?L8BRnV
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 11^.oa+`
45. A. For oNEjl
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B. As |LLDaA-=0
C. With \<aR^Sj.
D. Because O7"16~ a
练习： RVN;j4uMg
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. $2E&~
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8. A. is 1j*E/L
B. having Z35(f0b
C. being S[;d\Z]~
D. be F~$ay@g
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 Et! 6i7`]
虚拟语气(2) K h8
1. (should)+动词原形 8w$q4fg0
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 7_Op(C4,nC
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 i7b^b>B|e
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Y 8n*o3jM
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 oCxy(q'y
would rather +动词过去式 /:d6I].
真题剖析 t2(vtxrt
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … `]=0oDG:1!
47. A. do &0`i(l4]l
B. did r+!29
C. don’t u[HamGxx$u
D. didn’t W)<t7q+
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. []$L"?]0uk
53. A. ordered 9$L
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B. pleaded Vb)NWXmyu
C. decided ?IG[W+ M8
D. demanded w$Z%RF'p
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. N F,<^ u
15. A. took h=4 GSU
B. would take ?=im ~
C. will take Oye6IT "
D. should take 3RF`F
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. \YSprXe
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) p<<dj %
54.A. shall 6 rW b2b
B.will <.2jQ#So
C.would =ea.+
D.should n]6-`fpD
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 T!
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动名词、分词、不定式。 DYoGtks(
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) {:|b,ep
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) !;4Hh)2
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +`iJ+
真题剖析 CDPu(,^
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. w D:2sri
60. A. dropped ~uV(/?o%
B. to drop B>4/[
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C. dropping Ss0I{0
D.drops tyWDa$u,u
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. +* j8[ sz
59. A. destructive 0 6M?ecN
B. dissatisfied UZs'H"K
C. damaged <k0/O
D. derivative -:kIIK
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 (L1F ],Au
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 /\;m/cwrl"
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 5f MlOP_
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. a6Joa&`dv
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 1J72*`4O K
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 0m=57c$O
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 7A) E4f'
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 y=.bn!u}z
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). O;5lF
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 x7Gf):,LK
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. (,tu7u{
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 1;DRcVyS+
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Z zj
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He no less than John is interested in literature. mU~&oU
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) qE|syA9
Either my father or my brothers are coming. [3I|
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 .c:h!-D;
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 15 q^&l[Q
真题剖析 {y a .
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. +iF
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53. A. none y4LUC;[n
B. few oP9 y@U
C. any
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D. some E>f{j :M
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 K5|~iW'
全部倒装 HZZZ [km
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” oC*a;o
There stand big buildings in this district. ; >f\fhi'
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. =>B"j`oR
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Eu: /U*j
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ux)*B}/xh
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