2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 NJb5H
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　　1. 充当句子的状语。 `F:PWG`  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 s1XW}Dw  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 +%%FT#ce  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) D/_=rAl1  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 2U6j?MyH2  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. %J\1W"I?  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). O$B]#]L+  
　　真题剖析 ': Gk~   
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. \[&~.B  
　　45. A. For K /h9x9^  
　　B. As Ue|]M36  
　　C. With 5gWn{[[e)y  
　　D. Because S86%o,Saq\  
　　练习： Ml8'=KN_  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. x,"'\=|s*  
　　8. A. is (6p5Fo  
　　B. having V|vU17Cgy  
　　C. being G0$ 1"9u\w  
　　D. be 8"+Re [  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 { hUbK+dKZ  
　　虚拟语气(2) $~4ZuV%  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 5:SfPAx  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 6/9 A'!4C  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 4RsV\Y{FN  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 <#ujm fD  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 pLL ^R  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 SE{$a3`UzP  
　　would rather +动词过去式 C\UD0r'p?  
　　真题剖析 $xmltvaF  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … nn$,|/  
　　47. A. do J\XYUs  
　　B. did 98bmia&H  
　　C. don’t D52ELr7  
　　D. didn’t m6QlIdl  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ? e%Pvy<i  
　　53. A. ordered _QfA'32S  
　　B. pleaded Z<z(;)?c  
　　C. decided $+zev$f  
　　D. demanded K~AQ) ]pJI  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 5[[4A]#T  
　　15. A. took l,HMm|oU  
　　B. would take em<(wJ-Y  
　　C. will take 
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　　D. should take ?%(8RQ  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ` :Am#"j]}  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Z.<OtsQN  
　　54.A. shall 8a|p`)lT  
　　B.will [Hy0j*  
　　C.would 5E?{>1  
　　D.should phwk0J]2  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Uaog_@2n,  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 v/
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ]$!-%pNv  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ,95Nj h  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 w
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　　真题剖析 gI6./;;x  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. E(*RtOC<W  
　　60. A. dropped 7NV1w*>/  
　　B. to drop nJY#d;  
　　C. dropping F]@vmzr  
　　D.drops ;'NB6[x  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. cU?A|'  
　　59. A. destructive 2G<\Wz  
　　B. dissatisfied T?{"T/  
　　C. damaged ,IF3VE&r  
　　D. derivative xX*I.saK  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 9'faH  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 <
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　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. W~2`o*\l  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. _so\h.lt  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 S*VG;m#  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. P!3)-apP\  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 W0J d2*]  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 AX,V* s  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). eG*<
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　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. c1B< 9_  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) XUc(7>k  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) _[u&
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　　He no less than John is interested in literature. P|HxD0c^u  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 8'[g?  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. n4\UoKq  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 4v9jGwnzt  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. KM li! .(b  
　　真题剖析 wd*8w$\  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. Z>

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　　53. A. none p^QZGu-.W  
　　B. few G(gJtl  
　　C. any '[(]62j  
　　D. some .UX`@Q:Gp  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 |2t g3m@  
　　全部倒装 IlN: NS  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 8p D$
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　　There stand big buildings in this district. 0x BO5[w,Y  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Io_bS+  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) DS;,@$N_N  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. mD@*vq  
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