(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 l":\@rm`
1. 充当句子的状语。 f(}?Sp_
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 \0gU)tVZ
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 jz
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4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) R@ksYC3 F
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. TVy\%FP^L
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. A7U]wW9
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). PfF5@W;E;
真题剖析 o$PY0~#
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Cp!bsasj
45. A. For j
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B. As .J?cV;:`
C. With ~w
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D. Because ks3ydHe`
练习: zDakl*
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 4%refqWK
8. A. is
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B. having eMHBY6<~=
C. being (^!$m7
D. be zE,1zBS<
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 7+'&(^c
虚拟语气(2) >6X$iBb0
1. (should)+动词原形 b8FSVV
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 }Od=WQv+
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 f;{K+\T
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 s~i73Qk/
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 = Z
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 xj<
K6
would rather +动词过去式 ^55q~DP}>
真题剖析 0bz':M#k &
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … u2o196,Ut
47. A. do /#Gm`B
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B. did *8% nbR
C. don’t mb GL)NI
D. didn’t 9O4\DRe5
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. {3@"}Eh
53. A. ordered q;Rhx"x>T
B. pleaded x'iBEm
C. decided =Sjf-o1V
D. demanded M`D`-vv
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. UA3!28Y&E3
15. A. took .VA'W16
B. would take
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C. will take Ue&I]/?;$
D. should take Ha/Gn
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. =`EVg>+^
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) yD yMI
54.A. shall R+<M"LriR&
B.will wDt9Lf
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C.would V8947h|&
D.should 2
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(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 91oAg[@4G
动名词、分词、不定式。 yP "D~u
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) RD6`b_]o
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) oV;I8;#\J
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ? oQ_qleuo
真题剖析 w=x
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Senb_?
60. A. dropped P~@.(hed
B. to drop D8=a +!l-
C. dropping v"V?
D.drops s-e<&*D[
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. >mp
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59. A. destructive 2X`5YN;
B. dissatisfied 8?[#\KgH1
C. damaged Yg!xlrxA
D. derivative v0W/7?D
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 4^{~MgQWK+
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 !^IAn
How you got there doesn’t concern me. (T8dh|
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 1J[|Ow
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 Na>?1F"KHk
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. o(3`-ucD`
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 11BfJvs:
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 _-nIy*', =
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 0RkiD8U5
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 }NF7"tOL
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. t_{rKb,
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) M|\C@,F]8
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) !/6KQdF
He no less than John is interested in literature. rEY5,'?YHv
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) yUlYf#`H
Either my father or my brothers are coming. p WLFJH}N
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 JTfG^Nv>K
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. K91.-k3)$
真题剖析 .h@HAnmE
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. WoX,F1 o
53. A. none :P:
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B. few X8| 0RU@f
C. any hwB>@r2
D. some Y|y X]\,
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 n;0x\Q|S
全部倒装 (d$ksf_[%f
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (Gpk;DD
There stand big buildings in this district. :}}~ $$&
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. xH/Pw?^
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) `6`oLu\l
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Gw0MDV&[
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