2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 +s [_ 4  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 <!|=_W6  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 8-K4*(-dL
 
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 =aehhs>  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) '64/2x  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. y92<(ziaX)  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. d{C8}U  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). dQ<e}wtg  
　　真题剖析 Vr&v:8:wb  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Z@Qf0 c  
　　45. A. For SC2g5i`  
　　B. As '_g*I  
　　C. With EkN>5).  
　　D. Because i\MW'b  
　　练习： _ `7[}M~  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. fAvB!e  
　　8. A. is 6(HJYa  
　　B. having e9B$"_ &2  
　　C. being B_.>Q8t
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　　D. be -%t8a42  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 WxF@'kdn*,  
　　虚拟语气(2) a\I`:RO=<Z  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 W8!8/IZbN  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 v/wR)9  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 UAdj[m61  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 It^_?oiK  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 KhbbGdmfS$  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ;WL0  
　　would rather +动词过去式 %M05& <  
　　真题剖析 8L(KdDY  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … HSk}09GV  
　　47. A. do 
faI4`.i  
　　B. did %w6lNl  
　　C. don’t #.\X%!  
　　D. didn’t %] 7.E  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ]5J*UZ}  
　　53. A. ordered Bk~M^AK@~  
　　B. pleaded :y[tZ&*<_?  
　　C. decided !GVxQll[f  
　　D. demanded  '+C%]p  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. YyR~pT#ffT  
　　15. A. took OAz-w  
　　B. would take )F35WP~  
　　C. will take KHXnB  
　　D. should take S>p>$m, Q  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.  /=7[Q  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) _qqJ>E<0  
　　54.A. shall ;rH@>VrR  
　　B.will E^. =^bR  
　　C.would 1{S" axSL  
　　D.should 3bPvL/\Lb  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 K<+h/Ok  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 !xK`:[B  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) BK]q^.7+:  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ,!4(B1@  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 z<mU$<  
　　真题剖析 -.E<~(fad  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *l^%7Wrk  
　　60. A. dropped ABp/uJI
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　　B. to drop j7 D\O  
　　C. dropping ?o9g5Z  
　　D.drops Kq;
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　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. y(8AxsROp  
　　59. A. destructive L[*Xrp;/&  
　　B. dissatisfied Xu:Sh<:R  
　　C. damaged ( Qw"^lE3  
　　D. derivative ^1S(6'a#  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 70:a2m  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 a ^b_&}y  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. kGMI ?  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. *eytr#0B-  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 MI@id  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. |,Y(YSg.  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 Kuy,qZv!"  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 F"3PP ~  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). R1FBH:Iu  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ;X
!sTs  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. $aX}i4F  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) [=-?n6  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ?* a:f"vQ  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature.
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　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ]v3 9ag_hu  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. #!KbqRt  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 |b52JF ",  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. e@6<mir[4  
　　真题剖析 o @r+Y  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. :~pPB#)nk  
　　53. A. none |Gb"%5YD  
　　B. few %^g BDlR^  
　　C. any T2 0dZ8{y  
　　D. some i3*S`/]p  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 [: X  
　　全部倒装 cTFyF)  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” )%U&z>^P  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. <1VzQH!o  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. o-B9r+N  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) veg\A+:'  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. RZ9vQ\X U)  
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