（一）考博英语语法：独立主格
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1. 充当句子的状语。 c&AJFED]<
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 +P5 \N,,7R
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 -{ M(1vV(=
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) GjD ^\d/
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. f;7I{Z\<
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. pni*#W*n
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). @P@ j9yR
真题剖析 > q !:*
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. #o /
45. A. For EO:
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B. As 9J
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C. With H0P:t(<Gt
D. Because aR0'$*3E
练习： e*?@ 6E
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.
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8. A. is ZFH;
B. having 9iy 3 dy^
C. being z 7
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D. be C1ZuDL)e
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 5H!6 # pqM
虚拟语气(2) )@,zG(t5;
1. (should)+动词原形 > o_cf*nx
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 L63B# H "
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 |q+dTy_n
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 px>g
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 $F
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 G%#M 17
would rather +动词过去式 (ibj~g?U,
真题剖析 XKQ\Ts2<k
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … *< ?~
47. A. do p.@_3^#|
B. did X7Z=@d(
C. don’t iR39lO
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D. didn’t 3Q\k!$zq
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 5`QN<4?%
53. A. ordered %SKJ#b
B. pleaded /4wPMAlb
C. decided 3^-yw `
D. demanded I\WBPI
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. vL
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15. A. took o)r%4YOL
B. would take 2}xvM"k=k
C. will take \yKYBfp-p
D. should take <F6LC_
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. !'f.g|a
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) m#a1N
54.A. shall \VAm4
B.will qx2M"uFJ
C.would U {?#W
D.should Lxqv
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Ux b>)36I
动名词、分词、不定式。 I6lWB(H!u
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) | |^+(
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) &)Z]nNVb
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 vH)V\V
真题剖析
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. rGUu K0L&
60. A. dropped |@ Sj:^cJD
B. to drop MCO`\" `l
C. dropping ] aI
D.drops ;q &2$Mb
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. >}) W5Y+
59. A. destructive r9y(j
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B. dissatisfied U C..)9
C. damaged TS49{^d$
D. derivative
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（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Pt\GVWi_t
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 &[qJ=HMm I
How you got there doesn’t concern me. @s7wKk
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. x
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 1 ;"DIsz@d
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 _ 0 h)O
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 c$b~? Mx
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ~fY\;
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 fp?cb2'7
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. \Y^GA;AMQQ
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外)
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ~=k ?ea/>
He no less than John is interested in literature. xM2UwTpW
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) rt C:3fDy
Either my father or my brothers are coming. .M( [n-
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 W,bu=2K6
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 5 nS}h76mZ
真题剖析 Y[. f`Ei2
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ]:}x 4O#
53. A. none
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B. few \W+Hzf]
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C. any [Y -3C47
D. some +O!4~k^
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 tKY g
全部倒装 Q3rLCg,;
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 1{ .5X8y1x
There stand big buildings in this district. 9T%b#~?3P
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. &}!AjA)
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) EpB3s{B"
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. =?[:Nj636
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