2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 %q|*}l  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 W\Pd:t  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 'df@4}9  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 g s
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　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) &qWg$_Yh  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. K{_~W yRF  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. z+.G>0M  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). dsw^$R}  
　　真题剖析 "*#f^/LS  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. \ {<ml n  
　　45. A. For #tZ!D^GQHq  
　　B. As =T3{!\tH  
　　C. With 5)f 'wVe  
　　D. Because huv|l6  
　　练习：  Fw[1Aa#  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ,9G'1%z,  
　　8. A. is H9jlp.F  
　　B. having qWK}  
　　C. being fV4eGIR&  
　　D. be =?Ry,^=b  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 !Yo2P"  
　　虚拟语气(2) I;jH'._k#  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 H$?MPA-c  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 g&/lyQ+G  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 a?Fz&BE  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 N@0/
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　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 dj0 84q7  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 W!el[@  
　　would rather +动词过去式 zz3{+1w]  
　　真题剖析 evEdFY  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … N*m;A6?  
　　47. A. do clqFV   
　　B. did i|H^&$|  
　　C. don’t ;(E]mbV'=  
　　D. didn’t D {E,XOi  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. )sIzBC  
　　53. A. ordered zwUZ*Se  
　　B. pleaded l66 QgPA  
　　C. decided kazgI>"Q8  
　　D. demanded p/ZgzHyF  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. IwXQbJ3v_  
　　15. A. took ]$)};8;7W  
　　B. would take qoQ,3 &<  
　　C. will take yYJ +vs  
　　D. should take 29@m:=-}7  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. }e"2Nc_UG  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) H5FWk  
　　54.A. shall o9D#d\G  
　　B.will 5?#AS#TD'  
　　C.would 'Um \m  
　　D.should BW`Tw^j  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ]nS9taEA   
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 #R=6$  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) W}^>lM\8  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) jA3Ir;a  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 A{eh$Ot%  
　　真题剖析 rj eKG-Z@  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. UD'e%IVw  
　　60. A. dropped TY#pj  
　　B. to drop )Vy}oFT\  
　　C. dropping xtS0D^  
　　D.drops _l]rt  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ra\2BS)X  
　　59. A. destructive H?pWyc<,  
　　B. dissatisfied `yb,z  
　　C. damaged ;fY)7 '  
　　D. derivative :B_ itl0{e  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ""F'Nzy  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 j0K}nS\ P  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. jDM^e4U.l  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !7kca#,X  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 cM+s)4TPL  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. T EqCoeR  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 e0u*\b  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 uw&'=G6v  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). iu.+bX|b  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 U7cGr\eUu  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. KbF,jm5  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) s@bo df&  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) GCPSe A~cx  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. W 7Y5~%@  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) <P1sK/IZb  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. [2cG 7A  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 My!<_Hp-W  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 2s@<k1EdPl  
　　真题剖析 kC)ye"r  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. +V6N/{^5  
　　53. A. none R nf$  
　　B. few @dCoh-Q3  
　　C. any Am? dHP  
　　D. some `8%2F}x}qD  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 $k|k5cP8x  
　　全部倒装 HW(cA}$  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” *w538Vb  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. s`G3SE  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Ojf.D6nY  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) WL<$(y:H  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. C&m[/PJ~l  
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