2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 9|3o<  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 s 0lYj@E'  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 +nQ!4  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 +'%\Pr(  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) O9e.
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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.  v$3_o :  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Nf5WQTa4  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). m^A]+G#/  
　　真题剖析 ` FxtLG,F  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 74]a/'
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　　45. A. For ^#w{/C/n  
　　B. As }{mG/(LX8  
　　C. With !qw4mN   
　　D. Because |[ocyUsxX  
　　练习： PGY9*0n  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. I%i:)6Un-y  
　　8. A. is QT; Va#a  
　　B. having 5qiI.)  
　　C. being |Ng"C`$oqv  
　　D. be I+~bCcgPi  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ls]H6z*q  
　　虚拟语气(2) T`Ro)ORC #  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 sX5sL  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 }!=U ^A)  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 M5 `m.n<  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 pg!`SxFD  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 |!xpYT:  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 3&9zGy{V+  
　　would rather +动词过去式 f@x_#ov  
　　真题剖析 [-]A^?yBM  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … UM`nq;>  
　　47. A. do 6e/7'TYwT  
　　B. did /.2qWQH  
　　C. don’t ZMe}M!V  
　　D. didn’t $W*|~}F/Ap  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. `[bJYZBc2  
　　53. A. ordered SXh?U,5u  
　　B. pleaded f,JX"  
　　C. decided gg(k7e
 
　　D. demanded uR
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　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 7O9n!a J  
　　15. A. took S?2YJl8B  
　　B. would take i3d y  
　　C. will take DU`v J2  
　　D. should take u6pIdt
 
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. L W?&a3e  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) T $IUKR  
　　54.A. shall Wxc^_iqA1  
　　B.will a-:pJE.'p  
　　C.would fQ1 0O(`g,  
　　D.should j=\Mx6os  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 );!dg\U  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 Ym`1 <2mq\  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 6$DG.p
 
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Bqp&2zg)@  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 $^ubo5%  
　　真题剖析 )6g&v'dq  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. c<>y!^g  
　　60. A. dropped 'Nw6.5  
　　B. to drop u,\xok"  
　　C. dropping RpjSTV8Tkm  
　　D.drops \"t`W:  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. \D aLHC~  
　　59. A. destructive bYK]G+ Ww  
　　B. dissatisfied 1aVgwAI  
　　C. damaged (%.</|u  
　　D. derivative wD}EW  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 pL%4= ]m  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 XQ4dohGCP  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ?$
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　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. A xRl*B  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ^fG`DjA)  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. juR  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 O.dux5lfBd  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 B{^`8Htrn  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). <nf=SRZ  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 t&8<k+m  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 9&&kgKKGQ  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) tnA_!$Y a  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) IruyE(;HS  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 5f/@:~  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) (R,NV3m?w  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. ,>:XE@xcp  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ,HQ1C8  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ?G2qlna  
　　真题剖析 f2BS[$oV4  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. -WQ_[t9
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　　53. A. none Q9Q!9B@  
　　B. few D>psh-,1  
　　C. any FZM ]o  
　　D. some tU8g(ep,o  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 /e
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　　全部倒装 Lw!?T(SK  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” p_D on3  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. 4`?sE*P@`  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ]C9%]`  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) PR48~K,?  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. FKDamHL<  
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