（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 mK>c+ u)
1. 充当句子的状语。 =mq
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 N!u(G
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 @/w ($w"
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) <A _L Zi
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. FuKp` T-H
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. kp4(_T7R
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). W_C#a'$
真题剖析 g20, et
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. }!W,/=z*
45. A. For bi^Xdu
B. As nVp*u9]
C. With '4L0=G:A<q
D. Because wTL& m+xr
练习： "i}?jf
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. _I&];WM\
8. A. is p7\}X. L
B. having {5$.:Y
C. being ~Lyy7 B9
D. be KXAh0A?&+
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 iEtnwSt
虚拟语气(2) >sUavvJ~x
1. (should)+动词原形 >A+0"5+_p
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 4l7F V<g
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 w
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 aBH!K
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 @F+zME
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 sO5~
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would rather +动词过去式 E*uz|w3S)Y
真题剖析 ,<pk&54.@'
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … q1 3bV
47. A. do 2=&4@c|cn
B. did zNu>25/)(
C. don’t DRo?7 _
D. didn’t yBd#*3 K1
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ]dx6E6 A,
53. A. ordered *0K@^D b-
B. pleaded tSP)'N<
C. decided rv75R}.6R^
D. demanded D8`dEB2|S
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. $P9'"a)Lm
15. A. took zdL"PF
B. would take ~^&]8~m*d
C. will take r#% e$
D. should take ^#-i%V %
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. [VD)DO5
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) k>2tC<
54.A. shall Kx -s95t
B.will kM#ZpI&0%
C.would s+EJXox w
D.should _iJ8*v 8 A
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 =i`#0i2(
动名词、分词、不定式。 ODggGB` H`
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) d x/NY1
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 6 lp.0B
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 U_X /
真题剖析 T i{ ~
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. C DNh9`
60. A. dropped e\9H'$1\
B. to drop q|;Sn
C. dropping 1 2Lc$\3P
D.drops 4v=NmO }
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. gbC! >L V
59. A. destructive X-Yy1"6m1
B. dissatisfied 2[O\"a%
C. damaged Po~ u-5
D. derivative K+`$*vS~ws
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ug|'}\LY
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 i uNBw ]
How you got there doesn’t concern me. T% opkyP>=
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. _#kjiJj *
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 'ot,6@~x>
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ]+OHxCj:
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 4X()D {uR
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 A#WvN>
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). .5t|FJ]`$
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 h=1cD\^|qw
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. m9&MTR D\
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ITq $8
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) SU {U+
He no less than John is interested in literature. +1R
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) R3[H#*gF<
Either my father or my brothers are coming. w`77E=
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 d{gj8
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. #Fl5]> |
真题剖析 !Q0aKkMfL
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Gp PlO]
53. A. none ]t23qA@^ 2
B. few !alO,P%>r
C. any f"wm]Q59
D. some L,
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（五）考博英语语法：倒装 On^jHqLaE
全部倒装 ;`TSu5/
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” )Q!3p={
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There stand big buildings in this district. 6z (e W]p
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. \k8| 3Y~g
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) <gdKuoY
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. T9N&Nh7 3
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