2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 2 L%d,Ta>  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ynw^nmM  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 O!d^v9hM,  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 Uf q"_^4  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 7V4iPx  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. t}cj8DC!  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ]gIXG`  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Q&MZ/Nnf  
　　真题剖析 u7^Z7
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　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. %N/I;`  
　　45. A. For _( w4\]  
　　B. As <9"s&G@  
　　C. With zO2<Igb  
　　D. Because k|BY 7C  
　　练习： 56>Zqtp*  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. )Si`>o3T-.  
　　8. A. is IB}.J,=  
　　B. having &VR<'^>  
　　C. being QDBptI:  
　　D. be \Y>^L{  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 BR*""/3`  
　　虚拟语气(2) ? @h  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 '(+l77G  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ~ZG>n{Q   
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 @
F=ZGmq  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 d^ipf*aLC  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 @a%,0Wn  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 b2U[W#  
　　would rather +动词过去式 (cC5zv*E  
　　真题剖析 "9LPq  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … dMRwQejY{7  
　　47. A. do 1?7QS\`)fB  
　　B. did eFsku8$<  
　　C. don’t 9nM {x?  
　　D. didn’t 5Tn4iyg;B  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. :".!6~:2  
　　53. A. ordered vk{4:^6.TV  
　　B. pleaded jG)>{D  
　　C. decided Q{>9Dg  
　　D. demanded Bfi9%:eG  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 7:bqh$3!s  
　　15. A. took @3VL _g:  
　　B. would take yQou8
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　　C. will take %*eZoLDg]  
　　D. should take !ae@g q'  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. S1$\D!|1  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Qf=%%5+?8  
　　54.A. shall 35&&*$Jm  
　　B.will >V;<K?5B`W  
　　C.would !Z4,UTu|Q  
　　D.should qIb(uF@l"  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Ir0er~f+z  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 1$xt=*.u|  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Ln`c DZSM  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) >"`:w  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ve K  
　　真题剖析 NiyAAw   
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. K32eZv`T7  
　　60. A. dropped )'fIrBT  
　　B. to drop YVs{\1|'  
　　C. dropping k]f73r  
　　D.drops F$+_Z~yt3;  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. fF *a/\h %  
　　59. A. destructive q=[0`--cd  
　　B. dissatisfied ZnmBb_eX  
　　C. damaged 2t(E+^~  
　　D. derivative c*ytUI*  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 HX<5i>]0\u  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 %ecg19~L/}  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. JH?[hb  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. =Wl CE_  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 K-#Rm%J+Wy  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. "` 9W"A=  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 I[F.M}5
:z  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 | @mZ]`p  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). j~L{=ojz%  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 YSZz4?9\  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. y#T":jpR  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Hi|Oe u  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) IS8ppu&E  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. &&>OhH`  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) \y<n{"a  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming.  / @%  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 w#-rl@JQ4  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. H! vvdp?Z  
　　真题剖析 @BBqH&<`  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. }rOO[,?Y  
　　53. A. none lN^L#m*@  
　　B. few rK"$@tc  
　　C. any bBg?x 4bu  
　　D. some *<BasP  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 &@{Ba~S  
　　全部倒装 ~KrzJp=5F  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Z7Mc.[C  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. N{E>R&,q  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. y"P$:l  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) L,\ Yj  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. t7R;RF  
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