2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 j|Vl\Z&o)  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 )LKJfoo PY  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 k]r4b`x`  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 I2i'  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) |36% B7H  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. E8#aE\'t  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. y6d!?M(0U  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 2[pOGc$  
　　真题剖析 8+gp"!E  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. [s]$&  
　　45. A. For yBs-bp"-
 
　　B. As [@VzpVhXz  
　　C. With !<~.>5UQ  
　　D. Because KyVzf(^  
　　练习： `~=z0I  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. FqbGT(QB0  
　　8. A. is =,N"% }
 
　　B. having Nb ~J'"  
　　C. being t(roj@!x_o  
　　D. be [DeDU:  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 |?^qsnB  
　　虚拟语气(2)  :^{KY(3  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 4<UAT|L^`  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 
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　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 z;9D[ME#1  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 dg#Pb@7a  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 VV$#<D<)  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 :'<;]~f  
　　would rather +动词过去式 Fyw X  
　　真题剖析 MmvJ
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　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … e&i`/m5  
　　47. A. do tx<^P V2  
　　B. did QwG_-  
　　C. don’t RaSuzy^`*]  
　　D. didn’t 2Uf/'  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. /]J\/Z>  
　　53. A. ordered kGnT4R*E  
　　B. pleaded d42Y`Wu  
　　C. decided 5 S
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　　D. demanded 1I'Q{X&B  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Y[PC<-fyf  
　　15. A. took s1[.L~;J  
　　B. would take ~cO
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　　C. will take K>~YO~~  
　　D. should take ->;2CcpHB  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. qk^/&j  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) hfbu+w):  
　　54.A. shall uUq= L  
　　B.will vc3r [mT  
　　C.would =#Jx~d[C  
　　D.should |"Zf0G  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Ug0c0z!b  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 )Ac evEHB  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) m0.g}N-w  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) HWFTI /]  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 [h B$%i]\<  
　　真题剖析 ,S(Z\[x0  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. c]U+6JH  
　　60. A. dropped TT3GGHR  
　　B. to drop  6; )5v  
　　C. dropping zNo"P[J8  
　　D.drops Fo;J3<U)  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. b$nev[`{6  
　　59. A. destructive 1Lje.%(E .  
　　B. dissatisfied ~9k E.  
　　C. damaged %52x:qGa  
　　D. derivative &' Nzw2  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 :
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　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 hRB
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　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. g__s(  IJ  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. sL\ {.ad5  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 S{MB$JA  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. E|RC|Sz=u  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 (igB'S5wf  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 #M#$2Vt  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). D(<0t
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　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 \C>vj+!cJ  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ofz?L#:2  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) ;0 +Dx~  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 69:-c@L0  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. - 3PLP$P  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) HSU?4=Q  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 7042?\\=  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 {(Mmv[y  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ?uJX
  
　　真题剖析 e$Yvy>I'tS  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. bF,.6iKI  
　　53. A. none CZ$B2i6  
　　B. few 7\nXJ381  
　　C. any DVg$rm`  
　　D. some S+t2k&pm  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 >RJ&b  
　　全部倒装 DC BN
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　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” @;hdZLG]`&  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. H=Cj/jE  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. T9kc(i'  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) B` +, 8  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ~mK+Q%G5  
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