2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　  OLk9A  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 +"k.E x0:  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 "bD+/\ z  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Q^$ghZ6V  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 6uu^A9x  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. o2
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　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Pv< QjY  
　　真题剖析 hMNJ'i}  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. NFB*1_m  
　　45. A. For c:=7lI   
　　B. As _^_5K(Uq  
　　C. With
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　　D. Because >F/XZ
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　　练习： c
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　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. J6*f Uh  
　　8. A. is MQwIPjk8  
　　B. having M0RRmW@f.a  
　　C. being HwB {8S?sm  
　　D. be _~tm7o +js  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 p`d XqW  
　　虚拟语气(2) *3;UAfHv  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 9Hu d|n  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 d'ZS;l   
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ;xfO16fNk  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ERF,tLa!  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 '0]r<O  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 <x0)7xX  
　　would rather +动词过去式 0|ZVA+  
　　真题剖析 H#+\nT2m  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 4AQ[igTDP  
　　47. A. do tmp6hB  
　　B. did cg,Ua !c  
　　C. don’t cQX:%Ix=  
　　D. didn’t R\*)@[y9l  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. kQLT$8io  
　　53. A. ordered
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　　B. pleaded b4C
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　　C. decided L x.jrF|&  
　　D. demanded L=RGL+f1_  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Cc!
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　　15. A. took l
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　　B. would take ><=rIhG%H@  
　　C. will take ?KB@Zm+#~  
　　D. should take <#y*h8IZ@t  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. hk_g2g  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 4d`+CD C  
　　54.A. shall 9/@ &*  
　　B.will !MoOKW  
　　C.would L+.H z&*@  
　　D.should cvfUyp;P  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 > H BJk:  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 2bLI%gg3  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) >aG=T{  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 2JZdw  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 V&*D~Jq  
　　真题剖析 $mpO?D J~  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. OxQYNi2  
　　60. A. dropped Z5B/|{  
　　B. to drop ,q#2:b<E  
　　C. dropping % 5z gd>  
　　D.drops ?#BV+#(  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. u,o1{%O  
　　59. A. destructive #{*LvI&  
　　B. dissatisfied E'EcP4eL  
　　C. damaged {DwIjy31T  
　　D. derivative 3vW4<:Lgy  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 X>zlb
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　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 /t5p-  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. YQd:M%$  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. vHcqEV|P/n  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ^DB{qU  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. #U ASH&  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 sg
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　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 V%NeZ1{ e  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Ew$I\j*  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 KX4],B5 +  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. !SxG(*u  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) O0huqF$K  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) JOD/Raq.1k  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. dRaOGm)  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) P^)q=A8Z#  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. BKI jNV3  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 s_Wyh !@M  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Y)|N"f;  
　　真题剖析 _
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　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 9P WY52!  
　　53. A. none d@ Ja}`  
　　B. few ,[!LCXp  
　　C. any u2iXJmM*  
　　D. some L'Q<>{;Ig  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 "r'ozf2\  
　　全部倒装 OW@\./nM  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” F0lOlS   
　　There stand big buildings in this district. W+=o&V  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. _NZ@4+aW  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) }q[Bd  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. +.yT/y"  
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