（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 /,,IM/(6^
1. 充当句子的状语。 G3o `\4p
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 FN/siw(?3
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 0V ZC7@
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) g3
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. @\WeI"^F8
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. &^7(?C' u
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). (]` rri*^
真题剖析 jp7cPpk:LG
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 6 Nws>(Ij
45. A. For }tO>&$
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B. As OtbPr F5
C. With Am|)\/K+Z
D. Because p^1~o/
练习： =6
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 8O_yZ
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8. A. is hEFOT]P4
B. having NwVhJd o
C. being x !6< 7s
D. be XE]"RD<z
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 S0tkqA4
虚拟语气(2) \EXa 9X2
1. (should)+动词原形 4Y{;%;-i
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 F'-XAI
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 {.?pl]Zl6
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 }kF?9w
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 m Ga :~ x
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
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would rather +动词过去式 M?AKJE j5
真题剖析 Bg ] %
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … I9dX\w}
47. A. do :G#+ 5 }
B. did fwiP3*j+Nn
C. don’t |+K wyHE`9
D. didn’t w IP4 Z^
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. &F:.O VzX
53. A. ordered ?bpV dm!
B. pleaded !?
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C. decided Zu<S<??Jf
D. demanded Pf/8tXs}
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ,p#r; O<O
15. A. took 0m=57c$O
B. would take 7A) E4f'
C. will take y=.bn!u}z
D. should take +KD7Di91<K
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 8O$ LY\G
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ~A1! !rJX
54.A. shall G%,
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B.will $PI9vy S
C.would 0\vG
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D.should 5 @-H8*
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 RKE"}|i +S
动名词、分词、不定式。 8 ]exsn Z
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ~**x_ v
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %q~q,=H$ ]
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 #9Jr?K43
真题剖析 ,lStT+ A
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. _ziSH 3(
60. A. dropped D/~1?p
B. to drop "bDj 00nwh
C. dropping dS3\P5D.*c
D.drops |Tc4a4 jS
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. lux
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59. A. destructive m
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B. dissatisfied M?UUT8,
C. damaged ^/#G,MxNy
D. derivative k&%i+5X
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 GCq4{_B\Q
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 W dD889\
How you got there doesn’t concern me. R-9o 3TPa
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. "n` z`{<n
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 kx?Yin8K
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Y`(Ri-U4
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 .ex;4( -!
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 h !K"
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Wp8>Gfb2
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 !ess.U&m'
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. q%e'WM G~n
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) tEvDAI} 5
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) wCg7JW#
He no less than John is interested in literature. 6bhb_U'f
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) *c [w9(fU
Either my father or my brothers are coming. L r"cO|F
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 5l1R")0`t_
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. <_< zrXc]
真题剖析 G
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. o cW~
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53. A. none $j\>T@
B. few 3kC|y[.&
C. any aYT !xdCI
D. some p03I&d@w>
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 lWj*tnnn[
全部倒装 ZH;4e<gg
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” +5*bU1}O
There stand big buildings in this district. L<@* 6QH
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. (KyOo,a
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) tt?`,G.(]
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. #0b:5.vy
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