2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 G,{L =xOh  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 mDipP  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 !IoD";Oi  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 HG@!J>YaD  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) <y*#[:i  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. *[ Wh9 ,H  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 5gF}7D@  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). kSU*d /}*u  
　　真题剖析 mfG|K@ODM-  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. wX#\\Jgi  
　　45. A. For #`z!f0 P  
　　B. As 7`X"B*`~b  
　　C. With ,~K_rNNZ  
　　D. Because b_V)]>v+  
　　练习： Aplqxvth  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. H=X>o.iVqi  
　　8. A. is W7(OrA!  
　　B. having  -rH4/Iby  
　　C. being 2yq.<Wz<  
　　D. be DLS-WL  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 @GnsW;$*~.  
　　虚拟语气(2) "%f>/k;!h.  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 9-Ib+/R0  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 m 7 Fz&bN  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 3J'a  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 &~
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　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ACyQsmqm:  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 &`>*3m(  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ~PlwPvWo  
　　真题剖析 [&{"1Z  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … G)<k5U4  
　　47. A. do "A/kL@-C  
　　B. did saRB~[6I  
　　C. don’t N_gjOE`x5  
　　D. didn’t 40g&zU-  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. v(: VUo]H  
　　53. A. ordered ZgXh[UHQy  
　　B. pleaded |LNXu  
　　C. decided >_F&oA#  
　　D. demanded yv'rJI~ Ps  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. eM9~&{m.  
　　15. A. took 10[~ki-1;  
　　B. would take a,j!B hu  
　　C. will take yTDoS|B+)  
　　D. should take lA]u8+gXd  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. S[u<vHy  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) g|+G(~=e|  
　　54.A. shall F~DG:x~  
　　B.will uj:w^t ][  
　　C.would uY;/3?k&  
　　D.should tNUcmiY  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 't|F}@HP  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 M,#t7~t  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) dT|z)-Z`  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) =}q4ked/  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 h)<42Y  
　　真题剖析 4p-$ 5Fk8}  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. e6_.ID'3  
　　60. A. dropped &U,f~KJ  
　　B. to drop q%y_<Fw#E  
　　C. dropping O%)9tFT  
　　D.drops Xt7'clr  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. yNT2kB'  
　　59. A. destructive E8j9@BHU[r  
　　B. dissatisfied c]"B)I1L  
　　C. damaged sXydMk`J  
　　D. derivative .o-j  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 >3kR~:;  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 q#778  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 000$ZsW?  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. #0P
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　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ?ykZY0{B  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. lt$797  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 (o:CxhV  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 $%E9^F  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). A8RT3OiXA  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 zo5.}mr+  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. .J@[v  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) ~^euaOFU 6  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) \|pAn  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. c@^:tB  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ?% X9XH/!  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. ~ghz%${`  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 9j 2I6lGQ  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 1;xw)65  
　　真题剖析 d-<y'GYw  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. uy9B8&Sr  
　　53. A. none Gh|!FRK[$  
　　B. few 9H E(*S  
　　C. any .fsk DW  
　　D. some -Wn.@bz6B  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 {^kG<v.vV  
　　全部倒装 Riw7< j  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ]18ygqt  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. U>+~.|'V9  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Crhi+D  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) #VV.
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　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. oyt//SE  
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