(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 JnC$}amr
1. 充当句子的状语。 j41)X'MgJ
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 (s:ihpI
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 X@ zw;Se
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) GM1z@i\5
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. -4rXOmiA
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 'hEv
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c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). .f1
真题剖析 (8Q0?SZN
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. h8nJt>h
45. A. For kAu-=X
B. As ^Y;}GeA,
C. With pUGFQ."\
D. Because Dd: TFZo
练习: J$aE:g6'
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. UR3qzPm!0e
8. A. is ^{Vt
B. having JAQ y
C. being =:w]EpH"
D. be -Kas9\VWEw
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 qjcPJ
虚拟语气(2) (6y[,lYH
1. (should)+动词原形 l i @:
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 .S5%Qa [uW
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 p#\JKx
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 4# L}&
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 L:.z
FW,
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 65HP9`5Tm
would rather +动词过去式 VRb+-T7"
真题剖析 vvTQ!Aa
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 2l4*6rYa(
47. A. do r_x|2 AoO
B. did yd}1Mx
C. don’t 8opd0'SNaB
D. didn’t <Jf[N=
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. '^{:HR#i
53. A. ordered Ah?,9r=U
B. pleaded cIS?EW]S%X
C. decided iw
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D. demanded 4:I'zR5
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. V JJ6q
15. A. took R<)^--
n
B. would take ^.p
d'
C. will take W=S<Dt
G2
D. should take +F4SU(T
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. rqi/nW
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) obz|*1M?
54.A. shall m<e_Z~ ^G
B.will CX}==0od
C.would >Y6
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D.should Pm/Rc
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 1!=^mu8
动名词、分词、不定式。 A-&XgOL
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) KCl85Wi'
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) =L]GQ=d
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 *~\R0ddz
真题剖析 V sQ~Y,7
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. pGdFeEkB/
60. A. dropped '/'dg5bfV
B. to drop ms{iQ:'9
C. dropping KL\hV .6
D.drops i@L_[d^|j`
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. [:(hqi!
59. A. destructive l{mC|8X
B. dissatisfied =k
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C. damaged 6qd?&.=r
D. derivative _J X>
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(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 P47
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 dqgH"g
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4ATIF;G'<
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. w2) @o>w
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 n.7-$1
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Tn"^`\m
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 hjq
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 d:#z{V_
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). P?hB`5X
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 slQEAqG)B
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. @y2cC6+'t
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Om(Ir&0
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) w/e?K4
He no less than John is interested in literature. )I"I[jDw
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) E1s~ +
Either my father or my brothers are coming. >BZ,g!N,J}
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 @
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. NwN3T]W
真题剖析 3qkPe_<I
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. )|6OPR@(#/
53. A. none P~;1adi3
B. few 7/K L<T9@
C. any >P ~j@Lv
D. some ^Rh}[
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 S1#5oy2
全部倒装 T037|k a{
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” =E62N7_`=
There stand big buildings in this district. 48Jt1^
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. &