2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 EyY.KxCB  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 E^U0f/5 m  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 O Fj
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 e8'wG{3A  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 7)h[Zy,A  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. #07gd#j4  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Xl74@wq   
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). /c):}PJ^#7  
　　真题剖析 vM_:&j_?``  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. !n^OM?.
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　　45. A. For r,_?F7  
　　B. As Q]p(u\ *  
　　C. With uYrfm:4S  
　　D. Because klUQkz |<a  
　　练习： If%/3UJ@  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. .5  
　　8. A. is soCi[j$lH  
　　B. having 1#1 riM -  
　　C. being NY?;erX  
　　D. be WOh|U4vt  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 KN- avu_Ix  
　　虚拟语气(2) }`+B=h-dW  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 /rSH"$  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 GRY2?'`  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 |*`Z*6n  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 yv) ux:P&+  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 jv&!Kw.Ug  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 %w7]@VZ  
　　would rather +动词过去式 %Z*sU/^  
　　真题剖析 IT$25ZF  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … )XWP\ h  
　　47. A. do VsA'de!V4[  
　　B. did 1IVuSp`{FU  
　　C. don’t h>Hb`G<  
　　D. didn’t @$T 9Ll  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. tr7 <]Hm:  
　　53. A. ordered <\;#jF%V  
　　B. pleaded QD%L0;j  
　　C. decided NB<A>baL*  
　　D. demanded be +4junf  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. K#"O a h  
　　15. A. took {P*m;a`}  
　　B. would take nMJ#<'v^!2  
　　C. will take __.+s32SS$  
　　D. should take ` Jdb;  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. F+u|HiYG  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) F;]%V%F.X  
　　54.A. shall ,TFIG^Dvq  
　　B.will |6<p(i7  
　　C.would g1(IR)U!z  
　　D.should !/wtYI-`  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ghRVso(  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 e2A-;4?_  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) K>{T_){  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ,I,\ml  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 vuYSVI2=H  
　　真题剖析 Er{>p|n=  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 8e(\%bX  
　　60. A. dropped >: b Q  
　　B. to drop gN"7be&J  
　　C. dropping 9B9(8PVG  
　　D.drops R~6$oeWAw  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. HZ:6zH  
　　59. A. destructive <S r  
　　B. dissatisfied =z /dcC$r  
　　C. damaged hr
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　　D. derivative :\o {_  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 ~5oPpTAe  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 \vO,Ee~#W  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. )'+8}T]xQ  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. $ F5 b  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ,JQp'e  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 73\JwOn~  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 Zo~  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 71t*%  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). O[ef#R!  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 P`cq H(
 
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here.  cHk)i  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) }WH&iES@P  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) yL-YzF2  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature.   t!_<~  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 1^}[&ar  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. Rx=>6,)'  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 /~$WUAh  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. lrIjJ V  
　　真题剖析 Evg_q>  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. "ozr+:#\  
　　53. A. none cmU1!2.1E  
　　B. few ?Yth0O6?sb  
　　C. any P"8~$ P#  
　　D. some NUWDc]@J*  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装  '9 [vDG~  
　　全部倒装 zv\kPfGDK  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” :fZ}o|t7  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. '
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　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. /)}
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　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) %,@e^3B  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. #Oc] @  
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