2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 0O>ClE~P  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 @|vH5P i  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 WXY'%G  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 @CmKF  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) q_h (D/g  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. /GC&@y0yi  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. y]fI7nu&  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 2]]v|Z2M4  
　　真题剖析 h&$h<zL[  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Ct w<-'  
　　45. A. For 96(Mu% l  
　　B. As -9i7Ja  
　　C. With I'BhN#GhX  
　　D. Because K%? g6j  
　　练习： :]m.&r S,  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 2+ cs^M3  
　　8. A. is Ww2@!ng  
　　B. having RDp  
　　C. being hu.o$sV3;  
　　D. be "^n,(l*4x  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 -SrZ^  
　　虚拟语气(2) zXn-E  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 +O.-o/  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 kO}&Oi,?  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 tg/UtE`V  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 qq| 5[I.?  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 No'?8+i  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 6QX m]<  
　　would rather +动词过去式 YNEwX$)M,B  
　　真题剖析 l
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　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … KhHFJo[8sf  
　　47. A. do "]+g5G  
　　B. did br[iRda@  
　　C. don’t ;Y?MbD  
　　D. didn’t <-umeY"n>  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. hy5[ L`B  
　　53. A. ordered to'7o8Z  
　　B. pleaded 9r!8BjA  
　　C. decided Y^eN}@]?&  
　　D. demanded J7`mEL> ?  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. !GqFX+!Ju  
　　15. A. took )>iOj50n3  
　　B. would take {>f"&I<xw  
　　C. will take 6>a6;[  
　　D. should take VfX^iG r  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Zse&{  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) fZGY'o&5  
　　54.A. shall B*(]T|ff<  
　　B.will +[7~:e}DZ  
　　C.would sTM;l,  
　　D.should <^5!]8*O  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词
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　　动名词、分词、不定式。 uoS:-v}/Y~  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) )^>LnQ_u  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) cq1 5@a mX  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 z*\_+u~u  
　　真题剖析 QJ|@Y(KV0  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. -'! J?~  
　　60. A. dropped a>wCBkD  
　　B. to drop ?Nos;_/  
　　C. dropping |7qt/z  
　　D.drops E9:@H;Gc  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. F-_u/C]  
　　59. A. destructive @N=vmtLP  
　　B. dissatisfied n6/Ous  
　　C. damaged sPH2KwEv  
　　D. derivative P`Np+E#I  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 r/YJ,2!  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 eV9U+]C`  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. A_xC@$1e<  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ^HKXm#vAB  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 FuhmLm'p  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. u47<J?!Q  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 eg0_ <  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 UP
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　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). h4Crq Yxa_  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 [Vd$FDki  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 'Y38VOI%  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) s8h *nZ)v  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) \J'}CX*aQ  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 6=iHw24  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ^Q/*on;A,/  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. c%H' jB[  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 qZ1'uln=C-  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. PR:k--)D  
　　真题剖析 X9x` i  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. fBSa8D3}`  
　　53. A. none WAu
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　　B. few q lc@$  
　　C. any S?~0)EXj(  
　　D. some epy2}TI  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 HC iRk1  
　　全部倒装 6VW*8~~Xy  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (0-Ol 9[  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. qng ~,m  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. VjQ&A#   
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 
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　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. YxF@1_g  
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