（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 \l#>dq "Y
1. 充当句子的状语。 s4= "kT]
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 adEJk
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 g=)J ~1&p
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) i, n D5 @#
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. }OShT+xeX
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. `cB_.&
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). j dqj=Yc
真题剖析 ?>uew^$d[w
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. _sHK*&W{CT
45. A. For ``Q 2P%
B. As @$@mqHI}
C. With ffDc 6*.Q
D. Because N1Ee zC'^
练习： b%(6EiUA
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }k$4/7ri
8. A. is o,Z{ w"
B. having B\`Aojw"E?
C. being XFZ~ #DT&
D. be ak: v3cQR
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 > 6CV4 L
虚拟语气(2) l3i,K^Y L
1. (should)+动词原形 5rxA<G s
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 JHV)ZOO
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 A]`:VC=IU
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 0`#(Toe{B
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 KlxN~/gyik
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 PK6iY7Qp)
would rather +动词过去式 X!, @ j\L
真题剖析 haSM=;uPM
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … l)8&Ip
47. A. do !F4;_A`X
B. did +JdZPb
C. don’t _ *(bmJM
D. didn’t ".2K9j7$
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. E Yzg%\HH
53. A. ordered 3 x *z\VJ
B. pleaded 8QgA@ y"
C. decided 6Z:YT&,f
D. demanded Csst[3V
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. "cUg>a3
15. A. took M].8HwC +
B. would take P e7e ?7 9
C. will take J\co1kO9/
D. should take ]?l {j
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. [[L-j q.'
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) wrv5V M }
54.A. shall 4*H"Z(HP
B.will %e%7oqR?
C.would Pe^ !$
D.should YcM;S
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 U@lV
动名词、分词、不定式。 :b#%C
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) JJk#,AP
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) f05d ;
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 4MvC]_&
真题剖析 8n )WW$
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. CY"i-e"q<Q
60. A. dropped [1Dm<G
u@
B. to drop ;R nhe_A.
C. dropping WSt nzVe
D.drops b g7n
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. @z,*K_AKr
59. A. destructive J\`^:tcG
B. dissatisfied TUTe9;)
C. damaged
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D. derivative ;bj nL>eW
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Ol+Kp!oc Y
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 *8A6 Q9YT
How you got there doesn’t concern me. !D:k!
Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 x-Z ^Q C
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4M`Xrfwm'[
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 8F6h#%9
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 z^`] 7
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). | rPAC![=
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 4XG]z_+I
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. L#j /0IHD
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) j$P I,`
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) n
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He no less than John is interested in literature. rg)h 5G
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) uWc: j P
Either my father or my brothers are coming. xZ ;bMxZ
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 )Vk:YL++
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. >]/dOH,A
真题剖析 ~ x`7)3
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. l9Pu&M?5
53. A. none h$&rE@N|
B. few {j@+h%sF>+
C. any
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D. some qJ Gm8^b-
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 We m?{kx0
全部倒装 <!!nI%NC
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” BE4\U_]a3
There stand big buildings in this district. Z Ny9_a:dX
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. VM;g +RRq
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) f \'G`4e
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. /Sj_y*x1e
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