2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 *;"^b\f5_  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 P]dDTh~e~  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 =7Tbu'O;  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 B#EF/\5  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) -@^S
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　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. r OB\u|Pg  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Q&M(wnl5  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). c%uhQ62  
　　真题剖析 %$sWNn  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. # + n &  
　　45. A. For G ROl9xp2  
　　B. As %@pTEhpF  
　　C. With @}fnR(fS  
　　D. Because +[~\\X  
　　练习： DC/CUKE.d  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.
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　　8. A. is ?pQ, 5+8
 
　　B. having {v]>sn;P1  
　　C. being xsAF<:S\  
　　D. be #UXmTrZ.  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 % )|/s%W  
　　虚拟语气(2) [N7[%iQ%  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 F ^ E(AE  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 KE5f`h  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 H5
6e#:[$  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 gNZ^TeT  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ;W+.]_$6)T  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 z*9/"M  
　　would rather +动词过去式 /H3,v8J@  
　　真题剖析 ,;D74h2F  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … h+$_:](PC  
　　47. A. do ~$Mp>ZB2W  
　　B. did OEAF.  
　　C. don’t I1}{7-_t  
　　D. didn’t oY0 *T9vv+  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. G&Cl:CtC  
　　53. A. ordered oW
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　　B. pleaded Qy3e,9nS  
　　C. decided @nZFw.  
　　D. demanded ?29 KvT;#]  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. K=B[MT#V{2  
　　15. A. took M_XZOlW5  
　　B. would take y'zEaL&SI@  
　　C. will take N[42al  
　　D. should take [J*)r8ys  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. }7C{:H2d  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) T+~~w'v0  
　　54.A. shall ]XP[tLYY  
　　B.will <~Y4JMr"  
　　C.would ~ R*6w($  
　　D.should m|-O/6~  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 E?FPxs  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ^iI^)  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) O=-|b kO  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) O}KT>84M  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 P, Vq/Tt  
　　真题剖析 A2+t`[w  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Np=*B_ @8  
　　60. A. dropped ]Wy V bIu  
　　B. to drop &FK=w]P  
　　C. dropping !~mN"+u&  
　　D.drops -(59F  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. t /47lYN)  
　　59. A. destructive cdh1~'q/  
　　B. dissatisfied +(P;4ZOmB  
　　C. damaged N7M^  
　　D. derivative V,Gt5lL&/!  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 m83i6"!H  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 V3m!dp]  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. hm5<_(F!  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. F1+2V"~  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Q7SS<'(  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. +}1]8:>cq  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 c^=:]^  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 NT-du$!u  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).  /!9949XV  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 (&x[>):6?  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. *&U9npN  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) /R,/hiKx\  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ())|x[>JS+  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. J:Qp(s-N^:  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) dx U[>m;  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. \"lzmxe0p  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 [OT@gp:  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ;j(xr PNb  
　　真题剖析 d- ]%  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. \/,SH?>4x  
　　53. A. none bEy%S"\<  
　　B. few !k[zUti  
　　C. any [Y:HVr,  
　　D. some GY4yZa  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 &556;l  
　　全部倒装 J=Jw"? f  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” {b+ IDq`)=  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. gNO$WY^  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. lF#Kg!-l  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ,CvU#ab8$  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 5 )C~L]  
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