2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 ^ "\R\COQ  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。  YBnA+l*  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 !~h}8'a?  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 uPniLx\t:  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Uo-`>7  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. pJ ?~fp  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. M?;y\vS? .  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). N~F RM& x  
　　真题剖析 77Bg l4P  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. #]'r
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　　45. A. For ]~\sA
  
　　B. As [}fv  dW  
　　C. With owPm/
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　　D. Because vp.ZK[/`  
　　练习： ){Ob,LEU&  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. }@r{?8Ru  
　　8. A. is *@TZ+{t  
　　B. having 1 1cWy+8D  
　　C. being ~ Uo)0  
　　D. be B7"PIk k;  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气  ;vb8G$  
　　虚拟语气(2) L dn8  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 }=!,o  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 yOvm`9  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Sv;_HZ  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Ig5L$bAM~  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 P/`I.p;  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 vaon{2/I  
　　would rather +动词过去式 z.rh]Zq  
　　真题剖析 %N#%| 2B  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ko^\HSXl  
　　47. A. do rhL"i^  
　　B. did RNQK  
　　C. don’t $\k0Nup}  
　　D. didn’t ZR\VCVH\^  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. !s@Rok  
　　53. A. ordered LbtX0^  
　　B. pleaded &)oOeRwi].  
　　C. decided 4R5D88=C  
　　D. demanded ",)Qc!^P$  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Wpc|`e<  
　　15. A. took `CeJWL5{  
　　B. would take B&N/$=5m  
　　C. will take (8ht*b.5K  
　　D. should take mR;qMX)0h  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 0 u?{\  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) |X` /  
　　54.A. shall 7r{83_B  
　　B.will wKH ::!  
　　C.would <x\7L2#p  
　　D.should S\CRG>  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 V)P&Zw  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 <9sO  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ,|88r=}  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) F} d  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 r_YIpnJ  
　　真题剖析 eyp,y2Tz  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. CU7F5 @+  
　　60. A. dropped P00f6  
　　B. to drop .ZMW>U>  
　　C. dropping <[GYLN[0Q  
　　D.drops Z@gnsP N^r  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. }oJAB1'k  
　　59. A. destructive ESoAzo,u  
　　B. dissatisfied 3
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　　C. damaged M.td^l0  
　　D. derivative 7a=S   
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 "S&%w8V  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 VGqa)ri"  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. IcIOC8WC  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. W9oAjO NE  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 %c)[ kAU!  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Dr;iQkGP  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 _IeU+tS  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 =:+0)t=ao  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). //Ai.Q.J[  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 $mGvJ*9  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. TzBzEiANn  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) V,EF'-F  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) FEz>[#eOX  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 7~M<cD  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 3? &h^UX  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. E2B> b[  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 _y .]3JNm  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Q+i\8RJ  
　　真题剖析 >5T_g2pkv  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded.  8RwX=  
　　53. A. none TOLl@p]lU  
　　B. few -v?hqWMp#  
　　C. any /NF#+bx  
　　D. some ;1DdjETr  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 4 c'4*`I  
　　全部倒装 Kud'p Z{P  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” P,bd'  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. oN(-rWdhZ  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. d`Q7"}uZ  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) rn.\tDeA  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. UBO
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