（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 NgB 7?]vu
1. 充当句子的状语。 aP>37s
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 UlQQP^Na
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 emA!Ew(g
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) :a< hQ|p
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. \T-~JQVj
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. H "+c)FGi
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). (=T$_-Dj`}
真题剖析 3
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 7
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45. A. For D(r:}pyU
B. As ur2!#bU9
C. With $<ddy/4
D. Because amB@N6*
练习： F$hZRZ
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Qp!Y.YnPd_
8. A. is 5iWe-xQ>
B. having c
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C. being XS 0V:<+,
D. be O2H/rFx4
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 mTEVF m
虚拟语气(2) U4wpjHg
1. (should)+动词原形 J`Oy .Qu)
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 w4:<fnOM
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 J#7 (]!;F
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 z
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 jpO3 8H0)
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 c Tj~lO6
would rather +动词过去式 POBp
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真题剖析 glor+
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … q$^<zY
47. A. do Bz]J=g7
B. did HIPL!ss]
C. don’t ^W[' A]l
D. didn’t .S|-4}G(6
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. j_pw^I$C
53. A. ordered v>^jy8$
B. pleaded |!5@xs*T
C. decided v@,XinB[
D. demanded n1)'cS 5}
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. dP3VJ3+
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15. A. took 0|Q.U
B. would take -4`sqv ]
C. will take #wD7 \X-f
D. should take v|To+ P6b
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. K-<n` zg3
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) eH
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54.A. shall Hf.xd.Yw
B.will q @*UUj@
C.would WnO DDr
D.should iDR6?f P
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Qf~| S9,
动名词、分词、不定式。 <mn- =#)
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) T/5nu
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) !
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 j>V"hf
真题剖析 mC "7)&,F
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. _jk|}IB;X
60. A. dropped K9LEIby
B. to drop (S 3jZ
C. dropping +%x^ RV}
D.drops S USc
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. {Wr\D Vp
59. A. destructive gnYnL8l`J
B. dissatisfied \S' cW B
C. damaged UVnrDhd!0
D. derivative V_ {vZ/0e
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 kaV%0Of]
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 THb A(SM
How you got there doesn’t concern me. IOn`cbV:
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. R<_mK33hd
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ZyZl\\8U
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Mi_[9ku>%
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 osI- o~#>
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 `x5ll;"J
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). }FuV
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. nm<L&11
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) [>Ikitow
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) "[FCQ
He no less than John is interested in literature. e OO!jrT:
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 2K5}3<KD/
Either my father or my brothers are coming. (*LTq C
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 6(!,H<bON
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. <m-Ni
真题剖析 Vj?*= UL
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ? +5"
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53. A. none 4;B= Qoxe
B. few 1uK)1%vK
C. any *g}vT8w'}
D. some M80}3mgP~
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 !NlB%cF
全部倒装 Pc d i
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” !pE>O-| K
There stand big buildings in this district. H620vlC}V
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. m-Mh f;
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) s?1-$|*
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. %D%e :se
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