2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 YPN|qn(  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 BzDS  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 sviGS&J9h  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 #N*~Q  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) f.!cR3XgV  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ST{<G  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. -50|r;a  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). o^Ms(?K%t  
　　真题剖析 [K^RC;}nV^  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. xk#/J]j  
　　45. A. For VP[ J#TPU  
　　B. As IyMKV$"  
　　C. With y8\44WKW  
　　D. Because HH^eEh4g  
　　练习： 1Eh(U  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. < d?O#(  
　　8. A. is U`xjau+  
　　B. having $cjidBi`):  
　　C. being Q~nc:eWD  
　　D. be `U)~fu/\2M  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 8!1vsEqv  
　　虚拟语气(2) 0Y 
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　　1. (should)+动词原形  IS!sJc  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 E NygD  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 :hZYh.y\l  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 *U8Pjb1  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 _L9`bzZj  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 VGkwrS;+I  
　　would rather +动词过去式 7&E3d P  
　　真题剖析 0:Xvch0  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … UE5T%zd/  
　　47. A. do |.X?IJ`  
　　B. did _dj_+<Y?  
　　C. don’t 0KE+RzrB  
　　D. didn’t e+j7dmGa  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. l@%MS\{  
　　53. A. ordered }O-|b#Q  
　　B. pleaded ^ 14U]<  
　　C. decided 9ELLJ@oNC  
　　D. demanded IZ/+ROn  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. QOB>
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　　15. A. took h${+{1](6  
　　B. would take unKi)v1  
　　C. will take J4&d6[
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　　D. should take kZfa8wL]P  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. !RN(/ &%y  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) INZsDM 9  
　　54.A. shall $hXhq*5|c  
　　B.will p3`ND;KQ
 
　　C.would g1UP/hNJ\8  
　　D.should  Y[#EFM  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 MOi.bHCQJP  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ' ,$Uw|N  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ZCVwQ#Xe+  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) LlKvi_z  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 "^Y)&<J&  
　　真题剖析 fyaiRn9/  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. X:PB }  
　　60. A. dropped D+.< kY.  
　　B. to drop Y>W$n9d&G2  
　　C. dropping oe$&X&  
　　D.drops J)tk<&X  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ;r'y/Y'?  
　　59. A. destructive P&I%!'<   
　　B. dissatisfied HmlE Cx  
　　C. damaged ts|dk%  
　　D. derivative ~xfoZi
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　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 D_kz'0^|  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 \A "_|Yg  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. IY_u|7d  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. _7e ^ t N  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 v|~&I%S7  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. kHMD5Q  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ^<u9I5?  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 n@1;5)&k~  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Z/ w}so  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 kD"BsL*6!  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. (p6$Vgdt  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) V/N:Of:\R  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ''.P=  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. ppYIVI  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ^v2-"mX<  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. WC0gJy  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 KH=4A-e,0  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. $!Qv f  
　　真题剖析 FR57F(31  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. $nf5bo/;  
　　53. A. none 8,VX%CS#q  
　　B. few S2APqR
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　　C. any 2D'b7
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　　D. some Uj/m  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 ='rSB.$Ctk  
　　全部倒装 bh Nqj  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (B/od#nU  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. PQ0l<]Y  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. [<0\v<{`L  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) j:Y1  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. @gc|Z]CV  
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