（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 d%,eZXg'
1. 充当句子的状语。 CS -uNG6
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ^Z# W_R\l
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 b e-~\ @
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) w1#gOwA,$
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. "xHg qgFyO
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. >U*T0FL7
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). u r@Z |5
真题剖析 T {Uc:Z
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. *2Ht &
45. A. For \z7SkZt,GT
B. As #w-xBM
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C. With lh D,\3/O
D. Because q** G(}K
练习： dW~*e2n
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ^? ]%sdT q
8. A. is ` poE6\
B. having P2'DD 3
C. being ,|plWIl~
D. be i21Gw41p:
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 $Gv9m
虚拟语气(2) J8)#PY[i4
1. (should)+动词原形 A\#P*+k 0
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 % v7[[U{T
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ?6jkI2w
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 :`2=@ .
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 *@ )O7vB
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 JPWOPB'H
would rather +动词过去式 OdY=z!Fls
真题剖析 a di [-L#
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … aKJQm '9Ks
47. A. do Xy &uZ
B. did e^Ky<*Y
C. don’t PF7&p~O(Z
D. didn’t u% n*gcY
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ^ Dt# $Z
53. A. ordered n [,w f9
B. pleaded >ap1"n9k
C. decided lP!;3iJ B
D. demanded <P;}unq.kw
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 13 &0rLS
15. A. took H'UR8 %
B. would take -tI'3oT1
C. will take W|,V50K
D. should take D^;*U[F?
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. iTg; 7~1pY
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)
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54.A. shall >xn}N6Rj2~
B.will n%\
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C.would Ky
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D.should =FT98H2*|
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 " A)( "
动名词、分词、不定式。 iIGbHn,/
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 1I}b|6
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) `g1iCF
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,*@A X >
真题剖析 7RvUH-S[
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.
2. X
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60. A. dropped }V|{lvt.
B. to drop 5 Fm=/o1
C. dropping Px>va01n
D.drops *+b6B_u]
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 90Hjx>[
59. A. destructive oiX"Lz{
B. dissatisfied T=YzJyQC)
C. damaged =)OC|?9 C\
D. derivative JkA|Qdj~Mr
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 \ M/6m^zS
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 oz r9>b>M
How you got there doesn’t concern me. :;!\vfZbU
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ksjUr 1o
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 S2VVv$r_6
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. gX?n4Csy'
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 d= ]U_ +
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 |k {-l!HI
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). u.|~$yP.!
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 })IO#,
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ; W7Y2Md
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) i$-#dc2qY
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) >LF&E M]
He no less than John is interested in literature. C6& ( c
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 4o9$bv
Either my father or my brothers are coming. O hR1Jaed
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 u>Ki$xP1
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. YJ2ro-X
真题剖析 BZ F,=v
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. hQgN9S5P
53. A. none ZcryAm:I
B. few f e
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C. any b5e@oIK
D. some I*1S/o_xI
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 Ws49ImCB
全部倒装 s=E iH
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” vg8O]
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There stand big buildings in this district. d A#{Cn;
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. _q Tpy)+
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) hr U :Wr
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. mPmB6q%)]
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