（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 }ELCnN
1. 充当句子的状语。 !S!03|
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 [ 8P
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3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 WS/+Yl
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) h /QP=Zd
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ?v8k& q^q
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. yTt (fn:;
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). J\ +gd%
真题剖析 4_I{ Q^f
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. SWsv,
45. A. For jgKL88J*\
B. As J<#`Ia V
C. With !TL}~D :J
D. Because d 4\E
练习：
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. fEG3b#t N
8. A. is \seG2vw$
B. having kqvJ&7
C. being j$8 |ym^OX
D. be .hlQ?\
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 kad;Wa #h
虚拟语气(2) \_Kt6=
1. (should)+动词原形 J&"?m.~@
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ; IuK2iDt<
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 -j`!(IJ
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 f >)Tq'
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 .5 !sOOs$P
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 E/7vIg
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would rather +动词过去式 ~nj bLUB
真题剖析 RZ|HwYG
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … zyZ ok*
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47. A. do 2z.8rNwT
B. did ,_Qe}q FU
C. don’t ;5D @k S^
D. didn’t O2q=gYX>\
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. &Mhv XHI
53. A. ordered Txt%nzIu
B. pleaded #
a(%(k S
C. decided H~?*KcZ 0\
D. demanded ]&C:>
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. "Ju /[#VCJ
15. A. took R3B5-^s
B. would take !,?
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C. will take W;Ud<7<;Z
D. should take r,2Xu
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. dGbU{#"3s
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ; x:k-s2-
54.A. shall V!T^wh;
B.will !,cQ'*<W8-
C.would @-'/__c
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D.should {S5R K-ax
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 81GQijq
动名词、分词、不定式。 )KSisE L
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) z.eJEK
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) iYk' :iv}S
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +7|
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真题剖析 <Q2u)m'
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. z-n>9
60. A. dropped To3^L_v"
B. to drop fuq(
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C. dropping aXMv(e+
D.drops :W~6F *A
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.
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59. A. destructive EJ1Bq>u 7
B. dissatisfied Vwjk[ DOL
C. damaged he"L*p*H
D. derivative \Ke8W,)ew
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 %B@ !
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 &,J*_F<s2<
How you got there doesn’t concern me. )D;*DUtMVm
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. z<hFK+j,'^
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 AI b>pL{
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4CLsY n?
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 $ *k)|4
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Pg`JQC|
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). "f4<B-9<$
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 f-4.WW2FN
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. e&0K ;yU
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) r4u z} jl{
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) b^x07lO
He no less than John is interested in literature. 9t?L\
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ~O{W;Cyh
Either my father or my brothers are coming. YGp)Oy}:
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Fi4UaJ3K
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. NgVR,G|1
真题剖析 eZH~je{1
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. /_)l|<k+V
53. A. none M(enRs3`O
B. few ,(N[*)G
C. any (Sv>NQp
D. some 9[VxskEh
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 zT[6eZ8m
全部倒装 X`:'i?(yj
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” (?>cn_m
There stand big buildings in this district. ~ jN'J+_$
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. E"qFXA>
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) zX Zir7NfM
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. #H~_K}Ks
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