(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 1 P
!)4W
1. 充当句子的状语。 d2`g,~d
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 5)!g.8-!
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 W7qh1}_%
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) {-\U)&6#v
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. \~
D(ww
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. xak)YOLRV
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 6eV#x%z@v'
真题剖析 $y8-JR
~
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. LORcf 1X/
45. A. For 1hG#
B. As S\A/*!%~y
C. With _?
gCOr
D. Because ~lw9sm*2v2
练习: JXB)'d0
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 8<6H2~5<
8. A. is L^sjV/\oW
B. having ?_NKyiu95
C. being N[e,){v
D. be RxP H[7oZ
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 <CyU9`ye
虚拟语气(2) }| DspO
1. (should)+动词原形 o:Fq|?/e
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 oW3"J6,S
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 |6E_N5~
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 /WuYg
OI
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 1R2IlUlzFr
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 \2\{c1df
would rather +动词过去式 jf9+H!?^N
真题剖析 !jj`Ht)
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … jeC=s~
47. A. do L+am-k:T~
B. did RzEzNV
C. don’t $^]K611w9
D. didn’t ^hIdmTf6
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 7r:h_r-
53. A. ordered vF72#BNs
B. pleaded PYkhY;*
C. decided QNNURf\[(
D. demanded I?e5h@uE
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. jZXa
R
15. A. took )^j_O^T5
B. would take Y}?
8
C. will take ')m!48
D. should take 4EB\R"rWXf
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. a|ufm^F
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) /fI}QY1
54.A. shall cAWn*%
B.will o@:"3s
C.would $RD~,<oEm
D.should 'a~@q~!
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 A}9Z%U
动名词、分词、不定式。 +-izC%G
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) U&^q#['
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) R/hf"E1
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 n:@!vV
真题剖析 oRV}Nz7hr
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. xGd60"w2
60. A. dropped }k^uup*{
B. to drop ]J7qsMw
C. dropping i5e10@Q{
D.drops IiYL2JS;t|
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ]2AOW}=
59. A. destructive 3smkY
B. dissatisfied [txOh!sxD
C. damaged B,>02EZ
D. derivative T.bFB+'E|
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 %cF`x_h[j
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 sI>w#1.m/&
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ^~4]"J};M
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 3",gjXmBu
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 v?8WQNy
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ghQ B
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 !3b& S
4
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 )nN!% |J
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). >"W^|2R
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 LU3pCM{
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. &PMQ]B
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 6H#:rM
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) h:Pfiw]
He no less than John is interested in literature. |Ajd$+3
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) =*UK!y?n
Either my father or my brothers are coming. +Mj6.X
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 bT:u|/I
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. i/>k_mG$d
真题剖析 ?2@^O=I
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. {&1L &f<
53. A. none fUw:jExz
B. few i?T-6{3I
C. any \Ec<ch[)c
D. some N&8$tJ(hhx
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 Y9.3`VX
全部倒装 [@i:qB>B
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” f+e"`80$*C
There stand big buildings in this district. .@ H:P
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. =,XCjiBeC
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) LnR>!0:c
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. '
m<Lx _i
XYU5.