（一）考博英语语法：独立主格
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1. 充当句子的状语。 5 ^l-3s?M
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 tpeMq -
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 )[&j&AI
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) j E5=e</
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. B%))HLo'
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ov\%*z2=
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Zw/??Tq b
真题剖析 &#~U1: 0
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. %)^0NQv
45. A. For -W})<{End
B. As 1.~^QH\p?3
C. With +_f813$C
D. Because lfw BUb
练习： cj[%.M5iBA
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 9~iDL|0'~
8. A. is 0d`l ugf
B. having ,?
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C. being [{ A5 BE -
D. be N$T
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（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 _.,"`U; H
虚拟语气(2) lgHzI (
1. (should)+动词原形 G#'G9/Tm
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 k.H4Mf(4
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 h#|A c>fz
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 VOp+6ho<
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 V t4,?"
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 lst nxi%x
would rather +动词过去式 S?~/
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真题剖析 v(jZ[{x@
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … }iB>3|\
47. A. do #)KQ-x,
B. did k )fLJ9R
C. don’t jouT9~[L'
D. didn’t YzAGhAyw
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. .[o?qCsw
53. A. ordered
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B. pleaded {=E,.%8
C. decided [\pp K C
D. demanded _We4%
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. |DoD.?v
15. A. took *3!ixDX[r
B. would take YR68'
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C. will take G/}nwj\
D. should take A)o%\j
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. o}lA\ A
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Jd/XEs?<q
54.A. shall ~^"s.Lsb
B.will -gLU>I7wV
C.would -- |L?-2k,
D.should VxGR[kq$]
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 gS ^Y?
动名词、分词、不定式。 iJ ~e8l0CA
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) G!m;J8#m(
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ndB* ^nT
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 L@LT *M
真题剖析 U~[ tp1Z)
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *6 P)HU@
60. A. dropped Qx}hiv/
B. to drop
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C. dropping ,L7:3W
D.drops I r;Z+}4>Y
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. S?LU Sb
59. A. destructive #_[W*-|L
B. dissatisfied TP&&' 4?D1
C. damaged ! V;glx[
D. derivative >qjV(_?F -
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 2
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 CaqMLi %
How you got there doesn’t concern me. +c_8~C
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. "?T
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. YO^iEI.
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 "jG-)k`a
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 \Z ms
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 0I@Cx {$
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 @&M$oI$4*
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. J?N9*ap)
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ^L;k
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) j
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He no less than John is interested in literature. esVZ2_eL
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) f.SmCgG
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ]w[T_4 l
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Pb-Ft =
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Jf=$h20x
真题剖析 GBsM?
A:
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. wk"zpI7L
53. A. none hu+% X.F4
B. few K'zG[[ P
C. any qxe%RYdA'j
D. some aY7.<p*a
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 .xp|w^
全部倒装 H \Jpw
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” /Aq):T T
There stand big buildings in this district. _ ooSMp|
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. #)xg$9LQb
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) *jF VYg
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 8>|@O<2\
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