(一)考博英语语法:独立主格 ESt@%7.F
1. 充当句子的状语。 G@Y!*ZH*f
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 o7;#B)jWS
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 ]~1Xx:X-
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) NLA/XZ
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. D<d4"*qo
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. HRxA0y=
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). U%nLo[k
真题剖析 6@[7
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.
BHa'`lCb
45. A. For t}]R0O.s
B. As HM(S}>
C. With }hy,
}2(8
D. Because _pS
|bqF
练习: ,_(AiQK
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. H<`<5M 8
8. A. is bYKe5y=
B. having m<X[s
C. being m=hUHA,p4
D. be B<" `<oG@|
(二)考博英语语法:虚拟语气 ,s9gGCA
虚拟语气(2)
:ENdF `nC
1. (should)+动词原形 (L3Etan4RE
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 _sGmkJi]
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Ad
ma~]T9
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 iUua!uC
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 Oe["4C
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 /5$;W'I
would rather +动词过去式 ^I CSs]}1
真题剖析 R#^.8g)t
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ._i|+[
47. A. do zvgy$]y'\
B. did s9)U",
C. don’t ZZu{ct9
D. didn’t 7H l>UX,|
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. nign"r
53. A. ordered _* m<Z;Et
B. pleaded =+z +`ot
C. decided aVvma=
D. demanded .
\t8s0A
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. `i:DmIoz
15. A. took PptVneujI
B. would take [(rT,31cW
C. will take ?bH&F
D. should take 6|G&d>G$_
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. xk*&zAt
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 77b^d9! ~
54.A. shall I?&/J4o:
B.will }NJKkj?
C.would 1]A$
D.should 9,wD
(三)考博英语语法:非谓语动词 7M/v[dwL
动名词、分词、不定式。 ZccvZl ;b
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
g2;lEW
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) tiGBjTPt
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 yiw4<]{IX
真题剖析 lHUd<kEC
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. bEKh U\@=J
60. A. dropped Xwo%DZKN
B. to drop ![i)_XO
C. dropping uc>":V
D.drops ?Kt F!:_C
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. {vq| 0t\-
59. A. destructive l0 8vF$k|d
B. dissatisfied ObfRwZh?q
C. damaged v YJ9G"E
D. derivative 4_`(c1oA
(四)考博英语语法:主谓一致 Kh$Q9$
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 3=Q:{
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 6_s(Kx>j
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. eaC%&k
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 `*l aUn
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ,$} xPC
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。
M!46^q~-
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 _U_O0@xi
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). o! l Ykud
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 o1vK2V
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. q;}iW:r&Q
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) _u+ 7>
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) %vv`Vx2
He no less than John is interested in literature. P6&%`$
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 9Ta0Li
Either my father or my brothers are coming. CLTkyS)C
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 V)5K/ U{
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. |UlG@Mn
真题剖析 /Kd7#@
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. b[GhI+_
53. A. none (6.uNLr
B. few 1~'jC8&J
C. any cGiL9|k
D. some +J|H~`
(五)考博英语语法:倒装 o K>(yC[
全部倒装 oNtoqYwH
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .[}G{%M~[
There stand big buildings in this district. f"KrPx!^b
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. <n4` #d
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) Bb:C^CHIQm
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 'L7qf'RV
0:`|T jf_