（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 j|n R "!
1. 充当句子的状语。 >7r!~+B"9'
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 *=n:-
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 WHI`/FM
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) d3Rw!slIq
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ddo#P%sH '
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). *H122njH+T
真题剖析 _U0f=m
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. M;NX:mX9
45. A. For C?Ucu]cW
B. As nm+s{
C. With .2pK.$.
D. Because oE~RyS X
练习： fV:83|eQ
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. )i<j XZ:O
8. A. is [2koe.?(
B. having Bf:Q2slqI
C. being l ]cFqL p
D. be .KC ++\{HE
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 m3ff;,
虚拟语气(2) E e]-qN*8
1. (should)+动词原形 ;wVwX6:ZKr
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ^J d
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 X(C$@N
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 T)CP2U
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 }-fl$j?9E
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 6^Sa;
would rather +动词过去式 Vg23!E
真题剖析 MfQ!6z E
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … # [a*rD%m
47. A. do 'RRE|L,
B. did z ] Ue|%K
C. don’t :Yks|VJ1
D. didn’t qw8Rlws%
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ASfaX:ke
53. A. ordered HmwT ~
B. pleaded bTu9;(
C. decided )ANmIwmC#
D. demanded gdoL yxQ
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. /=, nGk>
15. A. took )Wox Mmz
B. would take 9S -9.mvop
C. will take X$pJ
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D. should take 2Gdd*=4z
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 3 9|MX21k
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)
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54.A. shall ${)b[22":
B.will 9M9?%N:ra
C.would -tNUMi'
D.should ym6K !i]q4
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 3{h_&Gbo'D
动名词、分词、不定式。 $j
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 2dzrRH
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) TuY CR>P[
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。
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真题剖析 yH}s<@y;7
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. G/mX
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60. A. dropped u?{
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B. to drop Yir
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C. dropping 27<
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D.drops n\.V qe
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. &l[$*<P5V
59. A. destructive a -moI+y
B. dissatisfied Zoc0!84<z
C. damaged O<;3M'
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D. derivative -[DOe?T
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 .k
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 )@'}\_a3[]
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 1~QPG\cdIX
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 19KQlMO.G
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 BIWW Mg
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 5-xX8-ElYz
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 xpx\=iAe
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 LRMx<X8
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). X/M4!L}\
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Q'mM3pq4r
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Q( {
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 0tB0@Wj
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) klR|6u]%
He no less than John is interested in literature. Zdo'{
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 6;qy#\}2
Either my father or my brothers are coming. l /
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ?r+-
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. =+MPFhvg!
真题剖析 M6-&R=78K
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. R=
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53. A. none TSWM
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B. few 0f>5(ek
C. any pDC eQ6?
D. some ,47Y9Kz9
（五）考博英语语法：倒装
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全部倒装 Wo RZW%
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Yv!a88+A8M
There stand big buildings in this district. q,eVjt
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 6}Y#= }
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) z}ddqZ27G$
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 8j % Tf;
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