2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 |J&=h|-A  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 Q =4~uz|  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 NJPp6RZ%  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ETrL3W<  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) < L:}u!  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. l#rr--];  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. (?#"S67  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). m" c6^)U  
　　真题剖析 O*m9qF<  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. xv0y?#`z  
　　45. A. For Q=F^Y f  
　　B. As p%-m"u  
　　C. With $(&+NJ$U$  
　　D. Because 8W}rSv+  
　　练习： 5IFc"  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. -e_B  
　　8. A. is .'=-@W*  
　　B. having 17yg ~  
　　C. being DUyUA'*4n|  
　　D. be T,5(JP(h3  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ?/^{sW' |  
　　虚拟语气(2) LqoH]AcN  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 *M+CA_I(  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 eNFZ
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　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 s5u  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 884-\M"h  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 %^(} fu  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 s Vg89I&  
　　would rather +动词过去式 @S?D }myD  
　　真题剖析 d2tJ=.DI  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … RbJbVFz8C  
　　47. A. do Cp^%;(@  
　　B. did j$=MJN0  
　　C. don’t mM-7 jz  
　　D. didn’t GE |P)VO  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. `g:bvIV5x>  
　　53. A. ordered sH\h{^  
　　B. pleaded wPH1g*U  
　　C. decided *","u;&  
　　D. demanded YveNsn  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. J3AS"+]  
　　15. A. took sr`)l&t?  
　　B. would take x).`nZ1  
　　C. will take @-Ln* 3n  
　　D. should take r+;AEN48  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. WkK.ON^  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) BxHfL8$1[$  
　　54.A. shall 6Z68n  
　　B.will If%**o  
　　C.would h!~u^Z.7<  
　　D.should 4dUr8]BkG  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 K 6HH_T  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 c`4 i#R
 
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) R#33ACCX  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) s+E-M=d0e  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 \_PD@A9  
　　真题剖析 i V8O<en&i  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. pPtw(5bH  
　　60. A. dropped J-+p]xG  
　　B. to drop p/.[cH  
　　C. dropping .T }q"  
　　D.drops u4;#~##  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. rH5 '+x K  
　　59. A. destructive </7_T<He.  
　　B. dissatisfied ?&GV~DYxA  
　　C. damaged T^n0=|  
　　D. derivative ;c~
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　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 GJIM^  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 TNK~ETE4  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. !'T,%8']  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. >;zQ.2*  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ~q05xy8  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. mYiIwm1cb(  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ,zU7UL^I  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 :OvTZ ?\  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). &[iunJv:eq  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 RFq&#3f$  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Th[Gu8b3  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Ci?A4q$.  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) zM*PN|/%sH  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. h|S6LgB  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 0?d}Oj  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. {u,yX@F4l  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 a}#Jcy!e  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. KOM]7%ys1H  
　　真题剖析 js<}>wD7<  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. jVhfpS[  
　　53. A. none *)4`"D  
　　B. few 7y2-8eL  
　　C. any iS%md  
　　D. some c!})%{U  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 !-gjA@Pk  
　　全部倒装 uEPdL':}2  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” eED@Z/~
6  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. N)H _4L  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ^w*$qz ESy  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) uk)6%  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. |N/Wu9w$  
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