2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 Y 9$jJ1V  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 Spn[:u@  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 HVa9b;  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 o GuAF q  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) ~4fE`-O  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. iT'doF  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 5zK,(cF0-  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ,p|Q/M^  
　　真题剖析 
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　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. ad}8~6}_&  
　　45. A. For 3Q,&D'];[  
　　B. As ,C,nN
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　　C. With 7r;16"  
　　D. Because }H ~-oYMu  
　　练习： k A3K  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. y i$+rPF1  
　　8. A. is vn}m-U XA*  
　　B. having t?"(Zb  
　　C. being F0!Z1S0g  
　　D. be .jJD$FC  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 e]VW\6J&  
　　虚拟语气(2) Bz
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　　1. (should)+动词原形 lT
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　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Gwk$<6E  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 C:Jfrg`  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 GL?b!4xx  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 CHGa_  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 SnG(/1C8  
　　would rather +动词过去式 0si1:+t-[+  
　　真题剖析 \-yI dKj  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … \ ku5%y  
　　47. A. do [mzed{p]]  
　　B. did ^=eC1bQA  
　　C. don’t D% jGK  
　　D. didn’t +ydd"`  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. %T]$kF++&  
　　53. A. ordered nF'YG+;|@  
　　B. pleaded ,]EhDW6  
　　C. decided t,r]22I,`  
　　D. demanded ~Ykn|$_"I  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. =p_*lC%N  
　　15. A. took :^ywc O   
　　B. would take eyKxnB
z  
　　C. will take IW~wO  
　　D. should take V22z-$cb  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 6C VH)=%  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) U>lf-iI2B  
　　54.A. shall @ZU$W9g  
　　B.will #_.JkY  
　　C.would E[t0b5h  
　　D.should by<@\n2B:U  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 "`ftcJUd  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 b=r3WkB6  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) FGi7KV=N  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ['o ueOg  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 :V.@:x>id  
　　真题剖析 > T*`Y0P  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. bVzi^R"  
　　60. A. dropped @?<[//1  
　　B. to drop 7}VqXUwabx  
　　C. dropping rhc+tR  
　　D.drops Dsm1@/"i|7  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. K ~mUO  
　　59. A. destructive qA GjR!=^  
　　B. dissatisfied {|u"I@M*O  
　　C. damaged Ip'tB4Mq  
　　D. derivative >>J 3"XHX  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 upuN$4m&{  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 tfU*U>j  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. -~{Z*1`,  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. %[$HX'Y  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ?z1v_Jh  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. (j'\h/  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 X6cn8ak3  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 fF)Q;~_VA  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 1*8;)#%&  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 dQ8RrD=$&  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 'V7LL1K^>  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) C{bxPILw  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) s-IE}I?;  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature.  tA#$q;S  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) kK=VG< :M  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. WhW}ZS'r  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 DDr\Kv)k(  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. .~o{i_JH  
　　真题剖析 9F807G\4Qt  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 9;L4\  
　　53. A. none 0ZjT.Ep  
　　B. few ]W?cy  
　　C. any "IU}>y>J  
　　D. some :Tpf8  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 *W8n8qG%T  
　　全部倒装 E,m|E]WP  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” :=hL}(~]  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. 3?B1oIHQ  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. SPV+ O{  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) rpiuFst  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. {Z/iYHv~#c  
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