2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 :>;psR  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 {&<}*4D  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 c
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 A5`7o9  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) o6y,M!p@  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. L$Leo6<3a  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. z67=v9+7  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle).
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　　真题剖析 tT8jC:oVa  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. #w*pWD^  
　　45. A. For B![5+  
　　B. As 4'd{H Rs  
　　C. With PD}R7[".>  
　　D. Because psZeu* /r  
　　练习： >Y/[zfI2  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. p\{+l;`  
　　8. A. is 87K)qsv8  
　　B. having fMQ*2zGu95  
　　C. being bNR OXiX  
　　D. be t>wxK ,  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ;ULC|7rL  
　　虚拟语气(2) j&/.[?
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　　1. (should)+动词原形 &5.~XM;  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 <c ovApx  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 MA+-2pMc|7  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 \ZFQ?e,d  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 O^}v/}d  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 m IzBK]@^  
　　would rather +动词过去式 w`}9/s;$  
　　真题剖析 CjQ"oQw  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … nr>{ uTa  
　　47. A. do <8)s  
　　B. did nuQ6X5>.=  
　　C. don’t d=Do@) m|  
　　D. didn’t wz+5 8(  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. *>'2$me=  
　　53. A. ordered >C3NtGvy  
　　B. pleaded WkaR{{nM  
　　C. decided f9,EWuQNS  
　　D. demanded 5$oewjLO  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. "PyWo  
　　15. A. took ~g1, !Wl  
　　B. would take 5ttMua <G?  
　　C. will take ahtYSz_FM  
　　D. should take Hl3
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　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. kwHqv
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　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) NaA+/:  
　　54.A. shall u<] m
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　　B.will d;~ 3P   
　　C.would m1-\qt-yy  
　　D.should n}A?jOSAe  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 "#twY|wW  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 #+"4&:my  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0)AM-/"  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) wn+j39y?ZY  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ]jc_=I6)  
　　真题剖析 SFn 3$ rh  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 3Q"F(uE v^  
　　60. A. dropped X0WNpt&h  
　　B. to drop pp~3@_)b  
　　C. dropping +2DE/wE]e+  
　　D.drops j1YH9T#|D  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ?j/kOD0  
　　59. A. destructive ?MC(}dF0  
　　B. dissatisfied e&QS#k  
　　C. damaged J/'M N  
　　D. derivative  2{ o0@  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 )O3jQ_q=  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 1E8H%2$ V  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. n%/i:Whs  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 1^C|k(t  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 /_V'DJV  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. lhqQCV  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 -bypuMQ-p  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 (I4y[jnD  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). H]s4% 9T  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Kax#OYLpg  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. \a\= gn   
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) kMy<G8 s  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) p8=|5.  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. x;u~NKy  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) {FWyu5.  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. M>T[!*nTj
 
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 3DW3LYo{  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. `<^*jB@P  
　　真题剖析 EX:{EmaT  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. o/ cr{>"N  
　　53. A. none 3jF|Ic  
　　B. few :#{-RU@PS  
　　C. any !hCS#'  
　　D. some IIxJ qGN:  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 WL l_'2h  
　　全部倒装 |3;(~a)%  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” =_ y\Y@J  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. HzvlF0 f  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. )~V}oKk0t  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) <C t_d Cc  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Nb;H`<JP  

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