2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 fb~ytl<  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 p>huRp^w  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 r8RoE`/T  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 F'21jy&  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) <J`0  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 8A})V8  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. gDpVeBd[  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). ]Gsv0Xk1  
　　真题剖析 fumm<:<CLO  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. _z|65H  
　　45. A. For <<][hQs  
　　B. As FOE4>zE  
　　C. With ^'PWI{ O  
　　D. Because b0Ps5G\ u  
　　练习： g,!L$,/F  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. f6&iy$@   
　　8. A. is },{$*f[  
　　B. having yPb"V  
　　C. being )"7iJb<E  
　　D. be *Q "wwpl?  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 +nFu|qM}  
　　虚拟语气(2) !Wntd\w  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 <h0?tv]  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 B|C2lu  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Ng2twfSl$  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 L>Fa^jq5  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 4V)kx[j  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 P@V0
Mi),  
　　would rather +动词过去式 EE06h-ns  
　　真题剖析 C)ERUH2i  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … p>v$FiV2N  
　　47. A. do $r@zs'N  
　　B. did Q{>+ft U  
　　C. don’t *v!9MU9[(  
　　D. didn’t spH7 /5}  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. wDal5GJp  
　　53. A. ordered k8&;lgO'  
　　B. pleaded 7rc0yB  
　　C. decided X!TpYUZ'  
　　D. demanded a/4T>eC  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. J?"B%B5c  
　　15. A. took aFX=C>M  
　　B. would take  dVtG/0  
　　C. will take NvceYKp:  
　　D. should take 5}l[>lF  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Q%`@0#"]Sv  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) X:"i4i[}{9  
　　54.A. shall ?Jm^<  
　　B.will cKca;SNql1  
　　C.would RLjc&WhzXu  
　　D.should yW=::=  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 1hY{k{+o  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 oq
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) nfbR P t  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) @Md/Q~>  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 <`=j^LU  
　　真题剖析 &-)N'  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. < 44G]eb  
　　60. A. dropped e8a+2.!&\  
　　B. to drop Woym/[i  
　　C. dropping NIry)'"  
　　D.drops W' VslZG  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. rpha!h>w1%  
　　59. A. destructive <dtGK~_  
　　B. dissatisfied +Mb.:_7'  
　　C. damaged GR_-9}jQP  
　　D. derivative F v2-(  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 +{.W QA}z\  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 BL}\D;+t  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. CY5Z{qiX  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. S9y}  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 K($N puu]  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. mO7
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　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 $Ds2>G4c  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 .*Y
  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). %5n_ p^xp  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 A?P_DA  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. UB@+ck  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) F^;ez/Gl  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) r`d4e,(  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. "ze|W\Bv!  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) kn4`Fa;)O  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. {4Cmu;u  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 dR,fXQm  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. $%#!bV  
　　真题剖析 ]2KihP8z x  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. $<EM+oJ|ER  
　　53. A. none  ZBp/sm  
　　B. few VpDbHAg  
　　C. any htF] W|z  
　　D. some ^u ~Q/4  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 igPX#$0XU  
　　全部倒装 vA8nvoi  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” )Ql%r?(F+  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. }K|oicpUg  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. s.C_Zf~3  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) UZ+<\+q3^  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. YI
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