2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 H%Q@DW8~@  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 G~u94r w|:  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 u -CY-  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 S-'iOJ1]  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 3 D;\V&([  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Q[`_Y3@j  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. [ o3}K  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). rK}*Uwut  
　　真题剖析 (Dq3e9fX  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. D|`[ [  
　　45. A. For " 0K5 /9  
　　B. As @6}c\z@AxM  
　　C. With KzI$GU3  
　　D. Because  V:F)m!   
　　练习： VU}UK$JN  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. "A,]y E  
　　8. A. is ,?<jue/bd  
　　B. having 'h
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　　C. being mY#[D;mUe  
　　D. be jO<K0cc  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 )MmMs"Um  
　　虚拟语气(2) uTBls8  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 "4&HxD8_ih  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 =TwV_Dro~  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 y<
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　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 j}#48{  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 :7@"E W  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 9@:H9"w  
　　would rather +动词过去式 9)e`mO*n  
　　真题剖析 FFK79e/5  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … u}qfwVX Z  
　　47. A. do :sk7`7v  
　　B. did ~EpMO]I  
　　C. don’t 5i83(>p3]e  
　　D. didn’t -gv@ .#N  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. }\OLBg/  
　　53. A. ordered Apa)qRJd  
　　B. pleaded ZgZ}^x  
　　C. decided Tf21K9
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　　D. demanded U I_|VU>J  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 
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　　15. A. took #W~5M ?+  
　　B. would take t A\N$  
　　C. will take q !EJs:AS  
　　D. should take X+?*Tw!\  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. --Dw8FR9  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) "n7rbh3VW  
　　54.A. shall D
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　　B.will 43A6B  
　　C.would  C!Y|k.`p  
　　D.should (X)$8y  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 !jU<(eY  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 v"F.<Q  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) A0V"5syY  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) I{_St8  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 LJc w->  
　　真题剖析 p27A#Uu2}  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. wTf0O@``6H  
　　60. A. dropped PJAE
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　　B. to drop _>dqz(8#  
　　C. dropping -E2[P W4$  
　　D.drops vk5pnCM^3  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. xGk@BA=0<  
　　59. A. destructive q&<#)#+  
　　B. dissatisfied W ;P1T"*A  
　　C. damaged Gqk"%irZ  
　　D. derivative [9BlP  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 AU^Wy|i5Q  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 cQ6[o"j.  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. l YH={jJ  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. CV]PCq!  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 }sPY+ZjV  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. \CUxGyu  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 i#kRVua/  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 &I'~:nWpt  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). @T;O^rE~N  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 sx*1D9s_  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. jph~g*Z  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 2Mu-c:1  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) px//q4U  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. &0(2Z^Z>fw  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _\@i&3hkx  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. "{z9 L+  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 B
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　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. k_P`t[YZV  
　　真题剖析 JO :m: M  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. qhK;#<#  
　　53. A. none a Q`a>&R0  
　　B. few 
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　　C. any 1 _5[5K^  
　　D. some <>j,Q  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 wTIf#y1=9  
　　全部倒装 elKQge  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 2mU}"gf[  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. Z:T4Z}4N  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Q=^}B}G  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) l' "<  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. &RR Ora  
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