2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 l5@k8tnz  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 kszY bz"  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Q
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ]p$fEW g  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) cZHlW|$R  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. xEZvCwsb  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ousoG$Pc  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). *d)B4qG  
　　真题剖析 o{ U = f6  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. -o=qYkyLK  
　　45. A. For 6rR}qV,+{  
　　B. As XV!P8n  
　　C. With GV%ibqOpQj  
　　D. Because M(5lSu  
　　练习： (Kx3:gs  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. t&-7AjS5  
　　8. A. is QhN5t/Hr  
　　B. having Nhuw8Xv  
　　C. being HbV[L)zYG  
　　D. be 6$`8y,TMSt  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 2}hEBw68  
　　虚拟语气(2) ALPZc:  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 ofRe4 *\j  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 @#;~_?$?C  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 !~PV\DQN  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 'V } -0  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 9Yd<_B
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　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 X8y&|uH  
　　would rather +动词过去式 rVkRU5
 
　　真题剖析 {0QNqjue  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … FAo\`x  
　　47. A. do 8+^q9rLii  
　　B. did sYYNT*  
　　C. don’t M;-PrJdyt  
　　D. didn’t |!,;IoZ  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 5{L~e>oS9  
　　53. A. ordered 4ba[*R2  
　　B. pleaded RG0kOw0  
　　C. decided U]ynnw4  
　　D. demanded gwm!Pw j  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Vo"Wr>F  
　　15. A. took "A6m-xE~  
　　B. would take ,K 8R
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　　C. will take =;ClOy9  
　　D. should take l|9'M'a  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ose(#n40  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ($'W(DH4  
　　54.A. shall [MhKR }a  
　　B.will m Q4(<,F  
　　C.would . |%n"{  
　　D.should %D1 |0v8}  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 & %A&&XT9  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。  3>M%?d  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0xVw{k}1U  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 2,aH1Xbex  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 mX 3p  
　　真题剖析 YLJ^R$pi  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. !6!Gx:  
　　60. A. dropped xP4}LL9)  
　　B. to drop h4Wt oE>i  
　　C. dropping CRBj>  
　　D.drops J2<kOXXJ9  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. <O5WY37"q  
　　59. A. destructive m _cRK}>  
　　B. dissatisfied SQ_Je+X  
　　C. damaged h PL]B_<  
　　D. derivative !_vxbfZO  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 (:aU"5M  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ,jOJ\WXP  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. w lH \w?  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. m>%b4M  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 vfc:ok1  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 
#F`A(n  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 W%4=x>J-  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 In?=$_p  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 7i*eKC`ZqK  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ,$0-I@*V  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. @@)2 12  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) %8,$ILN  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 7~SwNt,  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. #L~i|(=U5  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) n:,mo}?X  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. _p^"l2%D/  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 lG}#K^q  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. HwFX,?  
　　真题剖析 yd).}@  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. _dJ(h6%3  
　　53. A. none $@D a|d4  
　　B. few Ho>Np&  
　　C. any Mf1(4F  
　　D. some H"#ITL  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 O$<>v\NC?  
　　全部倒装 !cwZ*eM  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 2;8m0+tl  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. FQ]/c#J  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Mfj82rHg  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) T3X'73M  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Z!)~?<gcq:  
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