2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 $6c8<!B_  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 INyakAmJ}-  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 f8DF>]WW  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 UO& p2   
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) NTHy!y<!h  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. W|PKcZ ]Uc  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
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　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). -}Jf4k#G  
　　真题剖析 @CSTp6{y  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. ZjE!? '(ef  
　　45. A. For amL8yb  
　　B. As Q&Rj)1!  
　　C. With NC*h7  
　　D. Because EcA@bZ0  
　　练习： *CA7 {2CX  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. O MEPF2:  
　　8. A. is 8q6b3q:c  
　　B. having u"%i3%Yjh  
　　C. being Z7eD+4gD  
　　D. be 3q=A35*LT>  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 *{]9e\DF  
　　虚拟语气(2) p",HF%  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 *q8L$D  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 |M?yC
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　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 [TPr  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 {]\QUXH  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 $18|@\Znj  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 $Nr :YI  
　　would rather +动词过去式 aDx{Q&  
　　真题剖析 &)Fp  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … $1N_qu  
　　47. A. do djeax  
　　B. did *`:zSnu  
　　C. don’t T!uK_  
　　D. didn’t &p1Et  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. Gw6*0&3')  
　　53. A. ordered .(tga&]  
　　B. pleaded r '/7kF- 5  
　　C. decided 8|A*N<h  
　　D. demanded 3F ;+D  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. &N!QKrj3  
　　15. A. took Qo{Ez^q@J  
　　B. would take d18%zY>  
　　C. will take ^'=J'Q  
　　D. should take B
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　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. m!s/L,iJJ  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 6elmLDMni\  
　　54.A. shall C6=7zYhR  
　　B.will X8Px  
　　C.would 87zs
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　　D.should k#TonT  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ,~t{Q*#_h  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 <U=
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　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) \+mc   
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) dOArXp`s  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ?<\K!dA  
　　真题剖析 k/W$)b:Of`  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. I ;N)jj`b  
　　60. A. dropped yzt6   
　　B. to drop ~WK>+T,%  
　　C. dropping ;w@PnY  
　　D.drops b(dIl)Y4 :  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ,{A-<=6t  
　　59. A. destructive jQOY\1SR  
　　B. dissatisfied =jjUwcl  
　　C. damaged .vG_\-@  
　　D. derivative .w^M?}dx  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 MNOT<(  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 %iY-}uhO  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. ^
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　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. x]lv:m\)jT  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 PhF3' ">  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. =YkJS%)M)  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ?as)vYP  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 vr2tIKvpn  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). y% =n
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　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 b5_(Fv  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. g![]R-$  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) :-7`Lfi@%  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 'n%Ac&kk  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. *
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　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) Ks:~Z9r}  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. iD#HBo  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 T;X8T  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ]0.? 1se  
　　真题剖析 Es6b ~#  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. DesvnV'{`  
　　53. A. none LGZ5py=xb  
　　B. few B)J.(k`p  
　　C. any
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　　D. some l j*ELy  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 I^sWf3'db  
　　全部倒装 IO~d.Ra  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” G^
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　　There stand big buildings in this district. tmiRv.Mhn<  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 5OP$n]|(  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) q/~U[.C  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. oB;EP  
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