2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 |K$EULzz  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 gS^Y?  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 fh Q}Z%$  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 @RVj~J.A  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 9TOq
A4  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 1FmqNf:V7I  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. H}&4#CQ'!  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). 4>I;^LHn  
　　真题剖析 FPXB>D'  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. bjGQ04da  
　　45. A. For ?$rHyI  
　　B. As i?pC[Ao-_  
　　C. With .2:S0=xt<  
　　D. Because F6 c1YI[  
　　练习： [+Y;w`;Fq  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. y5lhmbl: e  
　　8. A. is - -H%FYF`  
　　B. having 05Go*QvV  
　　C. being M-+=t8  
　　D. be 66shr  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气
Hg;;>  
　　虚拟语气(2) r:uW(<EP^  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 [xsiSt?6  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 rCdf *;  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 sOLR*=F{  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 )!(etB=`y  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 _ 0Ced&i  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 z ''-AH,  
　　would rather +动词过去式 !4l\*L  
　　真题剖析 LQrm/)4bF5  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … }8cX0mZ1j  
　　47. A. do ;BM
m47<  
　　B. did nmrYBw>  
　　C. don’t 3V`.<  
　　D. didn’t `2Oh0{x0*O  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. \v}3j^Yu  
　　53. A. ordered AE "E($S`  
　　B. pleaded XUyoZl?  
　　C. decided 2i3& 3oz]O  
　　D. demanded ?hQ ,'M2  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. dnP3{!"b  
　　15. A. took sR1 &2hB  
　　B. would take C8 b%r|^#  
　　C. will take ]'/ZSy,  
　　D. should take nBVknyMFNF  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. >xt*(j&}  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) -)Y?1w  
　　54.A. shall >5jHgs#  
　　B.will ;#$zHR  
　　C.would e]+ [lq\p@  
　　D.should PUN.n t  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ^g dg0y!5~  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 r]=3 aebR.  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) M]>JI'8  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Lu~e^Ul   
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 S"=oU}'|  
　　真题剖析 CDcs~PR@B  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Wb4%=2Qn  
　　60. A. dropped pr-{/6j6  
　　B. to drop BX),
U  
　　C. dropping aNW&ib  
　　D.drops t3/!esay  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways.
n#N< zC/  
　　59. A. destructive oh;F]*k6  
　　B. dissatisfied Jz#ZDZkm  
　　C. damaged I
EzZ$9,A5  
　　D. derivative 0nAeeVz|  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 eT+MN`
 
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 RWBmQg^]X  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. _>5BFQ_  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. U2ANu|  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 T6H"ER$  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. q0y?$XS  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 TF^]^XS'  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 zMrZ[AU  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). WaMn
[/{  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 * 8XGo  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. "<O?KO3K  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 5o~Z>  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) )kUq2-r  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. 0Xo zYyq  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) h}`<pq  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. \W@?revK  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Dkdm~~Rr  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. rWvJ{-%  
　　真题剖析 x`e YCi  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. rz.`$b  
　　53. A. none q5RLIstQ\  
　　B. few |]]fcJOBP  
　　C. any Ql V:8:H$  
　　D. some /V*eAn8>  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 |F=^Cu,  
　　全部倒装 g{a0,B/j  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” igQyn|  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. -J6}7>4^8}  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. -FPl",f=r  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Z3/zUtgs  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. R`<E3J\*  
7)]G"m{