（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 _J#Hq 'K
1. 充当句子的状语。 *^m.V=
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 S 2` ;7
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ;5S7_p2]j
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Y2~{q Y
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. {;gWn' aq
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. &l)v'
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). , 0ja _
真题剖析 W..>Ny;'3
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 2{qG
45. A. For MA QY/s~F
B. As {:+^[rer j
C. With Vc<n6
D. Because
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练习： l"g% vS,;`
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. S;kc{?
8. A. is f;6d/?= ~
B. having \M^4Dd Ay
C. being D*b|(Oi
D. be FX% E7H
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 p#NZ\qJ
虚拟语气(2) f4^_FK&
1. (should)+动词原形 @AyW9!vV;3
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 JB}h }nb
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 LB0=V0|
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 7guxkN#
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 !y0
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 u>@G:kt8
would rather +动词过去式 %ua5T9H Z
真题剖析 %8}w!2D S
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ~)(D m+vZ
47. A. do VUhu"h@w%
B. did C*zdHzMj
C. don’t )f|6=x4
D. didn’t VNfx>&`
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. +[qy HTcG
53. A. ordered cFo-NI2
B. pleaded H2-
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C. decided }3e+D
D. demanded YzVLa,[
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. =uEhxs j)S
15. A. took ^|z>NV5>
B. would take vN +!l3O
C. will take s6IuM )x
D. should take NmXTk+,L#
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. >Li?@+Zl
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) Z]CH8GS~<
54.A. shall z9ZAY!Zhq]
B.will [0e
mOS
C.would (w fZ !
D.should Qw+">
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 pe-d7Ou
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动名词、分词、不定式。 ~heF0C
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) _BV:i :z
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) R
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 |ou k;r24V
真题剖析 WF7RMQ51j
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. H?m2|.
60. A. dropped TMrmyvv
B. to drop lAQ&PPQ
C. dropping g&
Rk}/F
D.drops n1|%xQBU@
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. bYfcn ]N
59. A. destructive 4$rO,W/&0
B. dissatisfied 622) . N4
C. damaged ~[{| s' )
D. derivative K;~dZ
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 s] q fLC
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ur |2FS7
How you got there doesn’t concern me. v3B
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 9b0Z
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 bYz:gbs]4|
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. &fcRVku
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 )L?Tq"hy
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 bF.Aj8ZQ
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Je'$V%{E
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 VC@o]t5
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 9M6&+1XE
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) t9kgACo/M
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) #S"=)BZ 8L
He no less than John is interested in literature. U*Q$:%72vO
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) <D__17W:;
Either my father or my brothers are coming. xc!"?&\*
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 o{qbbJBC
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. {0|^F!1z
真题剖析 ,T]okN5uI
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 30<^0J.1
53. A. none
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B. few 6|zA,-=
C. any X/Ae-1!
D. some - kJ`gdS
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 # RtrHm
全部倒装 j9Lc2'
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 3V-pLs|
There stand big buildings in this district. [P^ .=F
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 5n_<)Ycj
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) L"IdD5`7T
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. )msqt!Ev
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