2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 b` va\'&3  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 8KYIHw  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 1GK>&;  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 57-Hx;  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) iaLZ|\`3a  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. @bJIN]R  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. : ^("L,AF  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). gn&Zt}@[  
　　真题剖析 E&eY79  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. K/ K-u  
　　45. A. For Qd{8.lB~LQ  
　　B. As ^'a#FbMtt  
　　C. With 7eju%d  
　　D. Because lo(
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　　练习： (zsv!U  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 6dV )pJd  
　　8. A. is J=t}9.H~=  
　　B. having &lLfVa-l  
　　C. being `;J`O02  
　　D. be w"wW0uE^  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 gXJBb+P   
　　虚拟语气(2) kD
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　　1. (should)+动词原形 3h d30o  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 oJ\g0|\qwe  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 | @$I<  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Dzf\m>H[  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 b%%r`j,'JE  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 #$x ,PeG  
　　would rather +动词过去式 _X~O6e-!  
　　真题剖析 BEvY&3%l  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … @,TIw[p  
　　47. A. do ]i$y;]f  
　　B. did VMRfDaO9  
　　C. don’t b4i=%]v8  
　　D. didn’t O573AA  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ld@+p  
　　53. A. ordered H3<tsK=:  
　　B. pleaded CTRUr"  
　　C. decided C$TU TS  
　　D. demanded XGR2L DR  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart.  pE)NSZ  
　　15. A. took "u!gfG?oH  
　　B. would take <@KIDZYC  
　　C. will take =JIceLL  
　　D. should take `}l%61n0  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. X$we \t  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) mG&A_/e!9  
　　54.A. shall N7_eLhPt*8  
　　B.will 4@@Sh`E:  
　　C.would E=ijt3  
　　D.should FT-.gi0  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 z/1
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　　动名词、分词、不定式。 w5HIR/kP  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) UJI2L-;Ul  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) SWV*w[X<X  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 )OV0YfO  
　　真题剖析 q>2bkcGY#  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Kq3c Kp4  
　　60. A. dropped `|ie#L(:7/  
　　B. to drop ][$I~nRf  
　　C. dropping e c&Y2  
　　D.drops #uhUZq  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. d2`g,~d  
　　59. A. destructive n^4R]9U  
　　B. dissatisfied ;|5-{+2U%  
　　C. damaged &
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　　D. derivative t>\sP   
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 =b%}x >>  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 7Bp7d/R-  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me.  rL{R=0  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. .T'@P7Hdx  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 7=CkZ&(?  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. >NKJ@4Y  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 j<p.#jkT  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 U N9hZ>9  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). +X=*>^G(-  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Jl/wP  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ~#pATPW@
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　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) Ya
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　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) e}UQN:1  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. pE5v~~9Ikv  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) X;I9\Cp]!  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. $'J3 /C7  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 "?8)}
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　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. &W2*'$j"_  
　　真题剖析 ue_ wuZi  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. UY',n,  
　　53. A. none w' 7sh5  
　　B. few {X!OK3e  
　　C. any 0 pZvW  
　　D. some EgjJywNhd2  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 23}` e  
　　全部倒装 y{ur'**l  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” P%3pM*.  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. c[h~=0UtJ  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. * ,hhX psa  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 6Tl6A>%s  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. A8)4nOXM  
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