2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 hua{g_  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 {T m-X`  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 #Du1(R  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 #/5jW
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　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 3VALrb;  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. kF6X?mqgD  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. >RF[0s'-  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). GaM#a[p  
　　真题剖析 Ou 8@7S  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 9
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　　45. A. For y=5s~7]  
　　B. As ZqS'xN:k  
　　C. With i<)c4  
　　D. Because 6D3fk vcZ  
　　练习： xJN Jv
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　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. m3P%E8<Q#  
　　8. A. is d8dREhK&  
　　B. having 9[6xo!  
　　C. being \7*9l%  
　　D. be WR gAc%  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 kJHUaXM  
　　虚拟语气(2) 4N*Fq!k~  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 3DMfR ofg  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 `m@06Q  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 &hyr""NkAm  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 2vu"PeU9  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 K=+w,H#`C  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 2O`uzT$  
　　would rather +动词过去式 8O("o7~"  
　　真题剖析 FyQ   
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … Qh%7RGh_  
　　47. A. do {cq; SH
 
　　B. did E3_EXz9h  
　　C. don’t AX<TkS@wjb  
　　D. didn’t [$OD+@~A2  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. W446;)?5  
　　53. A. ordered T_y 'cvh  
　　B. pleaded P[% W[E<  
　　C. decided >c5Vz^uM{4  
　　D. demanded v3Te+oLg  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. pj?+cy v~  
　　15. A. took @X\Sh>H  
　　B. would take LN" bGe  
　　C. will take k2,n:7  
　　D. should take ?K|PM<A  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ,#`gwtFG  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) < 5;0LPU  
　　54.A. shall ^qy$M>  
　　B.will TB*g$ *  
　　C.would *8kg6v%  
　　D.should C W7E2 ^P$  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 `jvIcu5c  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ;!Ojb  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) MDGcK/$')f  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ]J~37 35]  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 N 2L/A
 
　　真题剖析 Y^2`)':  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. B.
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　　60. A. dropped .hSacd  
　　B. to drop ;]i&AAbj  
　　C. dropping !5?#^q  
　　D.drops /FkLZm  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. }rn}r4_a  
　　59. A. destructive "5synfO  
　　B. dissatisfied {5 #P1jlT  
　　C. damaged n
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　　D. derivative !jU<(eY  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 v"F.<Q  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 A0V"5syY  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. I{_St8  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. LJc w->  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 N`8!h:yL  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. wTf0O@``6H  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 E:D1ZV  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 prlB9,3|C  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). x/[i &Gkv  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Av.(i2  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. T!"<Kv]J  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) pnxjuDN7}x  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) >-s}1*^=oD  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. d;mQ=k 1  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) a_
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　　Either my father or my brothers are coming.
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　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 W#u}d2mP  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. @Sq=#f/=  
　　真题剖析 \#LKsQ a  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. J}._v\Q7P  
　　53. A. none smIZ:L%  
　　B. few thipfS  
　　C. any '8*gJ7]  
　　D. some -fL|e/  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 0 WF(Ga/o  
　　全部倒装 tborRi)  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .Z%7+[  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. @h>#cwhU  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. h,FP,w;G  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) K8 |6r|x  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. GVn
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