2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 h_{f_GQ"  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 qH5nw
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　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 @0s' (  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ;HH%OfQq  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) IG# wY  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ,(a~vqNQW3  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. C0KFN  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). bhGRD{=  
　　真题剖析 tW4
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　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. uS,?oS  
　　45. A. For (oR~%2K  
　　B. As Sh1$AGm  
　　C. With br Iz8]  
　　D. Because 1;1;-4k7I  
　　练习： ['Lo8 [  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. b@&uwSv  
　　8. A. is <W!nlh  
　　B. having 7Y[ q) lv  
　　C. being t6\H  
　　D. be S9P({iZK  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 wW p7N  
　　虚拟语气(2) )I3E  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 c5$DHT@N"  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 &gruYZGK  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 i KQj[%O  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 yQUrHxm  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 gJX"4]Ol#}  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 & ;.rPU  
　　would rather +动词过去式 p@%Pdx  
　　真题剖析 @,eo*
 
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … Ar~/KRK  
　　47. A. do 9ybR+dGm+  
　　B. did 8 
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　　C. don’t ]gVA6B?&9  
　　D. didn’t -e(<Jd_=  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. >*gf
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　　53. A. ordered &odQ&%X  
　　B. pleaded zeQ~'ao<  
　　C. decided h  ChO  
　　D. demanded o g9|}E>  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. Cj3Xp~  
　　15. A. took 8A]8yX =  
　　B. would take qXq#A&  
　　C. will take okRt^qe  
　　D. should take +qjZ;5(  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. -u%o);B  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) O}cfb4"  
　　54.A. shall ~h8k4eM  
　　B.will 2& Hl wpx  
　　C.would XS@iu,uO  
　　D.should T<7}IH$6xE  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 8M!9gvcaO  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 |n,O!29  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) &f
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ._x"b5C  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 8cY5:plK  
　　真题剖析 "N%W5[C{  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 502(CO>  
　　60. A. dropped (0 t{  
　　B. to drop mL}Wan  
　　C. dropping >/C,1}p[  
　　D.drops 6tVp%@  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. l3MA&&++KF  
　　59. A. destructive >/GYw"KK  
　　B. dissatisfied ^|rzq XW  
　　C. damaged 'SG<F,[3  
　　D. derivative
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　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 25xt*30M  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 PL\4\dXB  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. M#],#o*G  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 2+(SR.oGq  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 % kBrxf  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. W7V#G(cpU  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 3=L5Y/  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 0[Zs8oRiI  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). G @L`[Wu  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 , YE+k`:  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. v 'y<}U  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) |oOA;JC)(  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) +{e2TY  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. .ddf'$6h  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) '! ;Xxe5  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. \xZ6+xZd1  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ve/|"RB  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. -S$Y0FDV  
　　真题剖析 eNt1P`2[  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. N*
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　　53. A. none h4M>k{  
　　B. few 7LW%:0  
　　C. any 7}e{&\0=l  
　　D. some &>auW}r  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 6$$ku  
　　全部倒装 >R6>*|~S  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” *3Ci4\E w  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. :+S~N)0j^  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 71yf+xL  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) u#34mg..  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. `OyYo^+D|.  
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