（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 C/tn0
1. 充当句子的状语。 sGc4^Z%l?
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 x$ ? {)EY
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 O5L B&s
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) }q)o LC
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. jun>(7
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 7.hn @_
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). khyn4
真题剖析 -{-w5_B$
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Ck/4 h Z
45. A. For w f,7
B. As r}+U1l3#2
C. With dl6 d!Nz*
D. Because W52AX.Nm
练习： a.y_o50#T
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. <9@I5 0;
8. A. is q1;}~}W;z4
B. having Mp:t cy,*
C. being 2a3h m8%U
D. be l23_K7
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ~B' K_#
虚拟语气(2) \`- /\N
1. (should)+动词原形 - %I]Q9
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 <iajtq<Z
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Hc ]/0 :
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 %fGS<
W;
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ZqsI\"bj
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 RX P 0
4
would rather +动词过去式 \A zl6`Em
真题剖析 E5w. w x
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … )cNG) F
47. A. do (%ra~s ?
B. did Jtnuo]{R
C. don’t 'j6PL; ~c
D. didn’t B @H.O!
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. rR@ t5
53. A. ordered 3/RmJ `c{
B. pleaded lJP6s k
C. decided h?jy'>T?b2
D. demanded `c ~Va/Yi
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ]X?~Cz/wl
15. A. took 4# MvOjA5[
B. would take TK<~ (Dk
C. will take o qH811
D. should take {|c
< 8
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. T%A45BE
V
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) KY9sa/x O
54.A. shall S^?
@vj
B.will S /Pffal
C.would vi')-1Y
KM
D.should tz \7,yGT
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Nlemb:'eP3
动名词、分词、不定式。 ?W-J2tgss{
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) g
VjI1{WTK
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 3CK4a,]Dm
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 pMnkh}Q#
真题剖析 FZ'|z8Dm
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. t"k 6wv;Tq
60. A. dropped E,&B P$B
B. to drop ^Lr) STh
C. dropping *@[DG)N
D.drops fx(^} e
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ~?4'{H c'
59. A. destructive 5RCQ<1
B. dissatisfied 3on]#/"1b
C. damaged M>^Ho2
D. derivative G,I[ zhX\
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 LDqq'}qK6
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 .^j 6
How you got there doesn’t concern me. |:Gz9u +
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. CnyCEIO-
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 U/'"w
v1 y
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 2 Pn
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 TD:NL4dm
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 SQx%CcW9d
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). O* `v1>
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 lj0"2@z3"E
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ;1Pn bU b
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 1H sfCky{
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 0 Y[LzLn
He no less than John is interested in literature. R{Q*"sf
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 9a} rE
Either my father or my brothers are coming. EfHo1Yn&
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 1vKc>+9
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 5ZeE& vG2
真题剖析 c ;_ T
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 1|
$V
53. A. none Pf&\2_H3s9
B. few OI0#@_L&
C. any _K"| }bM
D. some d,kh6'g2@
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 -4ityS
@
全部倒装 I B9[L x
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 7PQ03dtfg
There stand big buildings in this district. '.Iz*%"
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ":s1}A
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Q;r9>E!
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. (A!+$}UR
CqW:m*c
