2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 l4rMk^>>  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 `5q ;ssu  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 fiVHRSX60  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 U&UKUACn"  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) S RZL\m}  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 54{q.I@n  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. E V2 )  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). MPIlSMe  
　　真题剖析 PY`L$e  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. :P$#M C  
　　45. A. For T-gk<V  
　　B. As -Fxm
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　　C. With ~>Kq<]3~  
　　D. Because Y
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　　练习： O/Rhf[7v*  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. v.=/Y(J  
　　8. A. is =WG=C1Z  
　　B. having ibp zeuUl  
　　C. being oH#v6{y  
　　D. be >\2:
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　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 !TKkec8$  
　　虚拟语气(2) x%N\5 V1  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 =JS;;PzX[  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 nV*y`.+  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 $w#r"= )  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 HYK!}&  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 p|+B3  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 B@y(.  
　　would rather +动词过去式 \HZ9S=  
　　真题剖析 1oc J+  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … zYY$
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　　47. A. do o>Er_r  
　　B. did }8-\A7T  
　　C. don’t %+)
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　　D. didn’t ->^~KVh&  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. o Y}]UB>  
　　53. A. ordered Sh6JF574T  
　　B. pleaded fvq,,@23  
　　C. decided v``-F(i$  
　　D. demanded MPgS!V1  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. LhXUm  
　　15. A. took ;< jbLhHwD  
　　B. would take g7 V8D  
　　C. will take N==ZtKj F  
　　D. should take *OJ/V O  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. mW2,1}Jv  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) / $  :j  
　　54.A. shall 2&'|Eqk  
　　B.will cJo\#cr  
　　C.would }v9\F-0>Q  
　　D.should DZ7 gcC  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 u%/fx~t$  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 )n49lr6X  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) SzwQOs*  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) `\`>0hlu  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ;8WZx  
　　真题剖析 &AVpLf:?  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. d)cOhZy  
　　60. A. dropped =deMd`=J  
　　B. to drop W?yd#j  
　　C. dropping e^4 p%  
　　D.drops SG}V[Glk  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. |(moWY=  
　　59. A. destructive Zwcy4>8  
　　B. dissatisfied 21s4MagC  
　　C. damaged c_aZ{S  
　　D. derivative CQel3Jtt.  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 />'V !iWyz  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 vZ/6\Cz
 
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. r`)L~/  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. h)~=Dm  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 `%+ mO88o  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. [
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　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 +("7
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　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 V f-a'K&  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). J=.`wZQkS  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 {`2R,Jb%S  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ThPE 0V  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) < >UPD02  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) | mu+9  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. zlR?,h-[3  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) |ZodlYF  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. XLMb=T~S  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Ax!+P\\2~  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. VqL.iZ-  
　　真题剖析 =^H4Yck/5  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 8M@
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　　53. A. none :xKcpY[{  
　　B. few GUslPnG  
　　C. any (98Nzgxgx}  
　　D. some ''\;z<v  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 ]*7Y~dO  
　　全部倒装 <b/~.$a'  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” G,;,D9jO7  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. @ 49nJi  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. yV)la@c  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) y4+;z2'>  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. e.c3nKXZ q  
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