（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 um_M}t{
1. 充当句子的状语。 [V #&sAe
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 t UAY]BJ*s
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 G(Idiw#WT
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) v^lm8/ }NO
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. d)17r\*>I
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 1vR#FE?
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Z+"E*
真题剖析 ^B"_b?b
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. L[[H &#\
45. A. For sJYKt
B. As 8L9S^ '
C. With pS|JDMo
D. Because ~V$5 m j
练习： in;+d~?
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. E/ed0'|m
8. A. is C>K"ZJ
B. having V\7u
C. being )dN,b( w9
D. be aid)q&AcQ
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 },QFy T
虚拟语气(2) ^&w'`-ra
1. (should)+动词原形 $}h_EI6hS
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 U -^S<H
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 /7HIL?r
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 r Xk
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 0#[Nfe*
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 ' w$we6f
would rather +动词过去式 $ YO]IK$
真题剖析 Fb4S /_
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … d5W[A#}
47. A. do Q ]koj!mMl
B. did sVl :EVv
C. don’t C g,w6<7
D. didn’t [z t&8g
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. %;XuA*e
53. A. ordered E]G q!fA&<
B. pleaded #S74C*'8
C. decided O#Ax P}
D. demanded f Hp#Gi3Lz
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.
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15. A. took si4=C
B. would take [~H`9Ab=
C. will take K?<Odw' k
D. should take Yy;1 N{dbT
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Z"&ODVP
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) n 6+M qN
54.A. shall !LSWg:Ev+
B.will p+1B6 j
C.would r, @|Snv)
D.should S^_yiV
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（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 fO|u(e
动名词、分词、不定式。 9_^V1+
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 6h"? 3w
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) q:eAL'OkM
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 fA,!
d J
真题剖析 :7]R2JP
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. R5~ m"bE
60. A. dropped n m$G4Q
B. to drop e
q.aN3KB"
C. dropping %[;KO&Ga
D.drops N1t:i? q&
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.
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59. A. destructive uATRZMai
B. dissatisfied S!c@6&XJm?
C. damaged ` OK
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D. derivative A~t7I{`
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 T}LJk S~*l
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 =z dti'2{4
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ?q6eV~P
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. =1uI >[aN
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 B) iJH
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. c
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 a_x6 v*
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 *GMRu,u2
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). r
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ]+S QS^4
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. n(MEG'9}
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) y%AJ>@/;
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) j_g9RmZT
He no less than John is interested in literature. NoIdO/vy"
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 'LI)6;Yc
Either my father or my brothers are coming. V19*~v=u
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 woKdI)f $
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. YG|T;/-
真题剖析 '%4,!
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. _Fjv.VQ,
53. A. none 2:yv:7t/
B. few u,q#-d0g;
C. any jTIn@Q
D. some G[ea@u$?
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 R& A.F+Zgt
全部倒装 j|9 2
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1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Dr<Bd;)
There stand big buildings in this district. .nJGxz+X"
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ,#{aAx|]
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ;'urt /
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ~Gza$ K
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