一、 长 短 句原则 -F 5BJk
56v G R(
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:
?CpVA
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is G|6qL
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to Y;i=c6
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite XT7m3M
similar. RSX27fb4
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! ~?Zib
1f)
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 )Z7Vm2a
主 题 句原则 W06aj ~7Z
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! at uqo3
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! XwH>F7HPe
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully j G8;p41
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, i|:!I)(lh
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 6v`3/o
一 二 三原则 *+M#D^qo
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… H:fKv7XL
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 MAh1tYs4D
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) F*72g)hVh
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) VjQ&A#
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) !~#zd]0x;
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, 4XkI? l
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) w~Tg?RH:
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) WzIUHNn'I
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) Wjb_H
(D
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) -FZC|[is
8)most important of all, moreover, finally mxNd_{
n
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) rA~f68h|
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) HTQZIm
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 O}M-6!%<,
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: j=r1JV
@
I cannot bear it. :=Olp;+_
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. $*q|}Tvl#
I want it. VLuHuih
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. ">}6i9o
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 -S$F\%
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, PR8nJts W5
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital JFT$1^n
之类的形象词。再比如: ';C'9k<P:
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room $1yy;IyR
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room '=dQ$fs
小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room juF9:Eah
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room J!:BCjRdw
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room M7=,J;@
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 2Q6;SF"Z
1)加法(串联) +?J N_aR
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 63l3WvoK
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: j
iKHx_9P
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. oU\]#e^
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: E ;Z(v
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. En
\@d@j<u
其它的短语可以用: Qs1CK;+zU
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 8T1`9ITl:
2)转折(拐弯抹角) eoiz]L
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 (L(7)WbH
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. C.?^] Y
The coat was thin, but it was warm. $8\u
更多的短语: ~.T|n =
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, oJa}NH
despite, notwithstanding z|pt)Xl
3)因果(so, so, so) )Rn\6
ka
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! o;@~uU
The snow began to fall, so we went home. CnZ!b_J
更多短语: 'KH+e#?Ar
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a 9~hW8{#
result, for this reason, so that l8G1N[
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) Ar<5UnT
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 qSP&Fi
举例:This is what I can do. t=B1yvE"
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. |OeWM
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:
-
))S
When to go, Why he goes away… ==Egy:<:Q
5)附加(多此一举) S%- kN;
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 /ZyMD(_J
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. LDQ,SS,
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. '8]p]#l
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. UOb`@#
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom =\lw.59
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 Mp/l*"(
6)排比(排山倒海句) f-18nF7{
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! 6 J>A U
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated 'Q=;I
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. fG1iq<~
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such qb[hKp5K6
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean *;@wPT
tides. 1r=cCM
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, Q0(6n8i
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) wH?)ZL
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 SVo ?o|<
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! -)(5^OQ
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: bk
d`7(r
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb 0Fb];:a
the Western Hills. Go{,<
gm
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about HThZ4Kg+
three times that of &jqylX
China. Dnd; N/9
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! F
,472H
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 s)- ;74(
Q3WI@4
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! rnZ
$Qk-H
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted b=r 3WkB6
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as b7>'ARdbzX
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. 0{b} 1D
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will $~1vXe
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the [uU!\xe
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. 6C&&="uww
更多句型: ?5EH/yV;
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, $Wj= V
for example二、做比较 x.-d)]a!
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; ol"|?*3q
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through jTR?!Mt0
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: +7b8 ye
相似的比较: v\,N"X(,
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner h&i*=&<HP6
相反的比较: d[_26.
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, bvtpqI QZ
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, KzVi:Hm
…三、换言之 8NHm#Z3Ol
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 cR3d&/_,U
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! F_*']:p
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. X8*g#lO?
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love q2X::Yqk
with you. 2Xl+}M.:Y
或者上面我们举过的例子:
V8/d27\
I cannot bear it. :gV~L3YW5
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. >T[/V3Z~K
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with ^^V3nT2rR3
it or I am fed up with it. R@K\
更多短语: <gwRE{6U
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more 8QTry%
simply (C.
$w