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2013-03-05 22:36 |
考博英语写作的“七项基本原则”
一、 长 短 句原则 >^GV
#z 6q>}M 工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: 0{vH .b
@ As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is ir"t@"Y;o to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to a2tEp+7? satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite nj1o
!+9>$ similar. m C`*#[ 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! 8>Cf}TvErx 强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 Rb. vyQ 主 题 句原则 x^EW'-a 国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! y_w
<3 特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! FO%pdLs, To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully p6K ~b prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, C\~}ySQc.e you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 `lWGwFg g( 一 二 三原则 ydo9 P5E 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… i?;#ZNh 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 _+NjfF| 1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) aHmg!s}& 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) X% j`rQk` 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) h7^&: 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, v/9ZTd lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) f?
@Qt<+k 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) ?]$<Ufr 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) r KUtTj 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) U4fv$g
V 8)most important of all, moreover, finally j1%8r*Jj 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) TB* t^E 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) |+W{c`KL 建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 xc 1d[dCdp 写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: [`b,SX
x I cannot bear it. N6"sXwm 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. -dA9x~o I want it. gv>DOez/ 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 2Ax"X12{6 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 -0kMh.JYR 原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, r9WR1&T) humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital K~,!IU_QG 之类的形象词。再比如: cM'MgX9 走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room JAd .\2%Y 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room m(U.BXo 小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room pNOE
KiJ 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room P|@[D=y 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room ?V8F
gd 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 s_/@`kd{ 1)加法(串联) 2=fM\G 都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and,
dxAGO( 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: k-
9i I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. >W] Wc4\ 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: S1Y,5,} Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. jyW={%& 其它的短语可以用: hGY-d}npAJ besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover W7WHDL^ 2)转折(拐弯抹角) kE'p=dXx 批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 h<3b+*wYJC The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. j%
7Gje[ The coat was thin, but it was warm. #Mn?Nn 更多的短语: N.q~\sF^ despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, =@M9S despite, notwithstanding C]mp< 3)因果(so, so, so) bT2c&VPCE 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! f\=
@jV The snow began to fall, so we went home. *Ci&1Mu^Z 更多短语: 13/,^? then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a )yb~ kbe result, for this reason, so that ~3j+hN8< 4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) 5l8F.LtO\ 有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 a. D cmy{ 举例:This is what I can do. ZrEou}z(* Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 18%$Z$K, 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: 8Gy]nD When to go, Why he goes away… h )Y.jY 5)附加(多此一举) 9?ll(5E 如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 H4
O"^#5 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. h/\Zq I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. S;Sy.Lp Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. K\Q4u4DjbJ 其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom 83V\O_7
j or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 81|[Y'f 6)排比(排山倒海句) { /!ryOA65 文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! <ndY6n3 Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated {wSz >, or simple, there is plenty in London for you. /PaS<"<P@ Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such %u9Q` as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean e/g9r tides. fI;nVRfp We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, <e
9d5-2 to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 6W YVHG 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 s7}-j2riq 既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! cCiDe`T\F 原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: ZGh6- / The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb b (HJ| the Western Hills. _M8'~$Sg Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about au=@]n#<( three times that of a|y'-r90 China. EY !o#m 如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! u"7!EhX& 文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 mDA+
.l&)b W+GBSl 思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! D5Rp<PBq, In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 4yTgH0(T every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as p {.6 sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. I4qS8~+# For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will @>ys,dy ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the Rc9>^>w seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. a|]deJU^ 更多句型: ^(T~ Q p To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, ,bM): for example二、做比较 FD%OG6db]; 方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; 7$0bgWi 世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through hc]p^/H comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: M|@@
LJ' 相似的比较: @!ja/Y^ in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner Mg}/gO%o
相反的比较: zFYzus`> on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, f#I#24)RH nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, G"L`9E<0V …三、换言之 ]M "U 'Z 没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 P%R9\iajH 实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! 'F/uD1; I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. hhU\$'0B- I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love 23houS with you. qJtLJ<=1 或者上面我们举过的例子: y=
8SD7P' I cannot bear it. (6}7z+ 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. qv:DpK 因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with \fvm6$ rZ^ it or I am fed up with it. ,j(E>g3 更多短语: &VCg`r-{~ in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more )@tHS-Jf simply y>
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