考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 n`2"(7Wj
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: p{QKj3ov
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 !ZcALtq
the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.
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A. In spite of .aRxqFi_
B. But for .VV!$;
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C. Because of 2xxwQwg8
D. As for 答案选B。 fmyS#
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But that she was afraid, she would have said no. 5~6y.S
(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 3W
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She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante Q&\ksM
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante WkmS
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If only I had more money, I could buy a car. XfDQx!gJ
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: c>k6i?u:X7
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 |n%N'-el
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 +N!{(R:"v}
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 {u][q
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I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. ~1!kU4
A. were sleeping jC7XdYp
B. would be sleeping QrA+W\=_`y
C. had been sleeping 0 pz
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D. would sleep选择 B。 p0@mumh
(4)形容词及其比较级 .U
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A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. <H#K `|Ag
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. Un+Jz
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(5)分词短语 a-=apD1RvG
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. )9,"~P2[R
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.
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(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 >{8H==P
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. zD|W3hL2&
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. aP gG+tu
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. XCoOs<O:@
It would be easier to do it this way. 4v$AM8/o
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 Q0q$ZK6C
A judicious man would not have committed suicide. 2e=Hjf
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A diligent student would have worked harder. >i<-rO>kN
(8)独立主格结构 &n
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All things considered, the price would be reasonable. <hdCO<
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(9)定语从句 !8].Z"5J
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. [x,&Gwa
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. ){~.jP=-#
(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气:
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I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. =G :H)i
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. 2)YLs5>W%
(11)动词原形表示虚拟
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动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 )ej8vm
God bless you! *yx:nwmo
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. th{h)( +H
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). oZCO$a
If that be so, we shall take action at once DQd&:J@?
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