考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 *nc4X9
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: H<xC%/8
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 5QSmim
the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. OKqpc;y:D
A. In spite of O9_YVE/-]
B. But for ^pjez+
C. Because of ]]Z,Qu#<-
D. As for 答案选B。 16>uD;G
But that she was afraid, she would have said no. <e^/hR4O
(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 TUaK:*x*
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante vVW=1(QWI#
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante W.|6$hRl)
D. KVR}Tp/R
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. *lK4yI*%o
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: vdm?d/0(^
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 8UIL_nPO
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 4I-p/&Q
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 xu=B
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. [hL1PWKs
A. were sleeping !_9$[Oq
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B. would be sleeping B@]7eVo
C. had been sleeping hU
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D. would sleep选择 B。 (UF!Zb]{
(4)形容词及其比较级 zy[=OX+
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. NVeRn
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. 0
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(5)分词短语 QYgN39gp
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. p'uz2/g
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. Qcy`O
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(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 |{)xC=
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. yXA f
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. X-1Vp_(,TP
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. Jyci}CU3\Q
It would be easier to do it this way. *Qx|5L!_
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 -FN6sNvIh
A judicious man would not have committed suicide.
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A diligent student would have worked harder. 6b70w @P!
(8)独立主格结构 _IV@^v
All things considered, the price would be reasonable. cXcx_-
(9)定语从句 1MI7l)D?
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. B21AcE
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. )H9*NB8%
(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气: %lJiM`a
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. Hu9R.[u
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. Rca
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(11)动词原形表示虚拟 pLQSG}N
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 4A/,X>W61
God bless you! zt)PZff/YQ
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. <W51 oO
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). KTK6#[8A
If that be so, we shall take action at once {9Mdt`WL
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