考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 S*-/#j
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: ;K9rE3
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 UI>?"b6
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the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. _ X*
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A. In spite of !:^lTvYWZH
B. But for 3r(i=ac0
C. Because of V]$Tbxg
D. As for 答案选B。 ^1^muc[
But that she was afraid, she would have said no. +/E
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(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 `:I<Jp
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante Y@Zv52,
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante |#. J
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If only I had more money, I could buy a car. /=bg(?nX
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: _V`Gmy[]p
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 `bdCom
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 wA#w]8SM
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 4/Yk;X[jk
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. x(Us
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A. were sleeping ;x=kJ@
B. would be sleeping ^U`Bj*"2
C. had been sleeping E?z~)0z2`
D. would sleep选择 B。 mXH\z
(4)形容词及其比较级 [Ie;Jd>gG
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. kT+Idu
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. Ae0jfTv
(5)分词短语 vThK@P!s
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. x dT1jI
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. 1$*ZN4
(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 [a<ucJ
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. mct$.{~
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. O{^ET:K@
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. g.3a5#t
It would be easier to do it this way. 2k}" 52
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 .^fVm
A judicious man would not have committed suicide. ld-Cb3R^
A diligent student would have worked harder. }'y=JV>l
(8)独立主格结构 P,|%7'? Y
All things considered, the price would be reasonable. @MS}tZ5
(9)定语从句 &.zG?e.
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. w$X"E*~>8
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. k
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(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气: f(^? PGO
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. %[<@$qP
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. < )dqv0=
(11)动词原形表示虚拟 Y;X_E7U
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 mzh8<w?ns
God bless you! i;u#<y{E
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. Y+,ii$Ce~
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). "~1{|lj|)
If that be so, we shall take action at once ^ZxT0oaL
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