考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 Gm^U;u}=f
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: V#gK$uv
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。
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the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. Vd+T$uC
A. In spite of w;:*P
B. But for #r~# I}U
C. Because of bI9~jWgGp
D. As for 答案选B。 +.b,AqJ/
But that she was afraid, she would have said no. yEoF4bt
(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 2*l/3VW
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante Q1I6$8:7
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante Ee%%d
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If only I had more money, I could buy a car. $AjHbU.I{
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: !6O(-S2A
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 t:
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Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 W
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(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 Kaqc74Mv
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. a;qryUyG
A. were sleeping lc1(t:"[
B. would be sleeping ;LPfXpR
C. had been sleeping CMG&7(MR
D. would sleep选择 B。 S8
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(4)形容词及其比较级 $)ijN^hV
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. ;dtA4:IRZ4
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. v,{
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(5)分词短语 Y^;ovH~ ve
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. r,1!?s^L
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. I7vz+>Jr
(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 uLL]A>vR
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. 0$)>D==
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. n,V[eW#m'L
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. ]7F=u!/`<C
It would be easier to do it this way. ll<Xz((o
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 sV{,S>s
A judicious man would not have committed suicide. ?FeYN+qR
A diligent student would have worked harder. +>Qq
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(8)独立主格结构 U9:zVy
All things considered, the price would be reasonable. GmeQ`;9,
(9)定语从句 h-#6av:
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. Pw7]r<Q
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. z0p*
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(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气: 0neoE
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I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. j9x<Y
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The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. 1MP~dRZ$
(11)动词原形表示虚拟 g:'xae/]S
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 uy[At+%zg
God bless you! /yDz/>ID\
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. +qtJaYf/0
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). F#,90F'
If that be so, we shall take action at once R[h9"0Y^
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