考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 v7V.,^6+
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: i8]2y
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 ?r`UBR+[
the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. QGWfF,q
A. In spite of AK#`&)0i
B. But for DgJG: D{
C. Because of 4\#!Gv-
D. As for 答案选B。 ?=UIx24W
But that she was afraid, she would have said no. +cDz`)N,,
(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 R)
%1GG4
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante <hYrcOt
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante BFCF+hU^6R
D. 2'R&K
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. ][ ,NNXrc&
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: vYYLn9}5
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 4z~%gt74O]
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 efK)6T^p
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 l c<&f
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. X j'7nj
A. were sleeping
5y}kI
B. would be sleeping 12NV
C. had been sleeping /1Xji0LK
D. would sleep选择 B。 )u. ut8![T
(4)形容词及其比较级 w
Wx,}=
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. `OY_v=}
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. . PzlhTL7
(5)分词短语 Hkc:B/6
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. x*)@:W!
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. %-Z0OzWe
(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 IZ2c<B5&
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. x?ajTzMv
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. nDR)UR
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. SI:+I4i
It would be easier to do it this way. S?Y,sl+A:
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 N6GvzmG#g
A judicious man would not have committed suicide. ] M"l-A
A diligent student would have worked harder. mSWh'1]b.~
(8)独立主格结构 x)X=sX.
All things considered, the price would be reasonable. %8?s3^o
(9)定语从句 9d7$Fz#
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. {9 >jWNx
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. @wWro?s'p
(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气: ]-o0HY2
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. >L#HE
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. E7eOKNVC#
(11)动词原形表示虚拟 p,y(Fc~]g'
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 !aSu;Ln
God bless you! r)
jj]$0
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. iJg3`1@j
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). D`=hP(y^
If that be so, we shall take action at once `P&L. m]|
$]/
a/!d