考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 v,|jmv+:
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: (QTQxZ
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 `
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the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. {b|V;/
A. In spite of :}-VLp4b
B. But for O{p7I&
C. Because of [Lcy &+
D. As for 答案选B。 xFcW%m>9C
But that she was afraid, she would have said no. j-d542"
(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 !?" pnKb}
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante r 6&+pSA>
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante 9"?;H%.
D. Pv|sPIIB7
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 1:RK~_E
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: 0v#p4@Z
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 ;{Yr
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Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 OepQ Z|2
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 'Z|Czd8E
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. =3nA5'UZ
A. were sleeping v|dt[>G
B. would be sleeping >U.7>K
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C. had been sleeping #7"";"{z|
D. would sleep选择 B。
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(4)形容词及其比较级 JL
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A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. TrNh,5+b
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. mz<X$2]?
(5)分词短语 2V~uPZ
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. #=72/[
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. xVrLoAw
(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 L
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I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. &XW~l>!+
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. lk`|u$KPz
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. #bCUI*N"P
It would be easier to do it this way. 0b<Qs88yd>
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 '+GY6Ecg
A judicious man would not have committed suicide. 7V5kYYR^F
A diligent student would have worked harder. 0X$2~jV>
(8)独立主格结构 hu7oJ H
All things considered, the price would be reasonable. L=.@hs
(9)定语从句 _n4_;0
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. mRt/d
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. e.Q'l/g
(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气: ] VEc9?
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. q"WfKz!U
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. 69t6lB#;!
(11)动词原形表示虚拟 I0;gTpt9
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 7mn&w$MS4:
God bless you! XsSDz}dg
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. s7\Ee-x)s
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). R*lq.7
If that be so, we shall take action at once |x=(}g
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