考博英语语法:非谓语动词中的有关句型 5
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(1)动名词作主语的句型 ,dXJCX8so
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 _m*FHi
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. E-Y4TBZ*
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 *u ]aWx
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。 x*!%o(G
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 DdCNCXU
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. .qS(-7<
It is useless speaking.光说没用。 qyL!>kZr@
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。 Z7dyPR
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 OCEhwB0
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。 ;VS$xnZ
4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”) [Zne19/
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。 :%>TM/E N
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 cf,^7,-`"
5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) dU&hM<.|
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了,哭也无用。 IsiBn(1
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6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing Kp>fOe'KW
have作有解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. =[LUOOR*]
例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 Ru@ { b`
7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 ffR<G&"n~b
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 YK>?;U+|
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? L~E|c/
I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。 sFw;P`
8) spend/waste time doing sth. a/xnf<(H
They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。 5#~E[dr
9)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 x9\]C'*sO
This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 H1r8n$h
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么) ;s?,QvE{r#
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. yOO@v6jO)
(2)有关分词句型 1*?L>@Wdy
1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如: )yUSuK(Vu
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 !q 9PO
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。 UBw*}p
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 $l_\9J913
2)表示“致使”等意义的动词,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的结构,有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如: gWfMUl
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 lBLL45%BIN
If she catches me reading her diary,she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的。 `#?]g !
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。 g\pLQH
3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping 购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。 28>/#I9/]
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 !:Ob3Mq\
I’ll go shopping.我去商店。 7A^L
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Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? HjY! ]!4p
4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做… [I,s: mn
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。 Rbcu5.6
His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 T@d4NF#
或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 )!Zm*(
He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 i93^E~q]
5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?) |y4j:`@.
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐,你看怎么样? , 8o
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(3)有关动词不定式句型 5%w08
下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法,只能用不定式形式。 d
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can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do B#4'3Y-3
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. nnCz!:9p
(4)there be的非谓语形式 +|qw>1J(
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过,定语见1996年题10。) 6S^JmYq
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作宾语如1991年题30) }$#PIyz
1)作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构,而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如: 1cD
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind,我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 gnlU
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 |}Z2YDwO/
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 V0xO:7G^
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.(作状语) j:U6q,f]
2)作状语多用there being结构,但若置于介词之后,for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语,其它多半用there being。 8Yf=)
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语) EPU3Jban
It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) XO}SPf-
There having been no rain for a long time,the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语) TP mb]j
3)作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 ,%U\@*6=
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 !e}4>!L,(^
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 g#o9[su
4)作定语。 There be结构作定语时,定语从句中谓语为there be,there之前的关系代词常常省略。如: !J[! i"e
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.这是到南京的最快一班车。 :VE0eJ]J6
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 K+`deH_d
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