考博英语语法:非谓语动词中的有关句型 {i}z|'!
(1)动名词作主语的句型 3>jL7sh%|
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 s*blZdP
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. _9@D o6
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 oSDx9%
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。 >%v w(pt
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 Z33&FUU
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. 5)%bnLxn
It is useless speaking.光说没用。 o\
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It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。 h"b;e2
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 -85]x)JE
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。 IYJS>G%*
4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”) 0)c9X[sG
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。 X<6Ro
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There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 <ZF,3~v?
5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) 8|\0\Wd;vu
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了,哭也无用。 NS^(5g
6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing QH_0U`3
have作有解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. I(i/|S&^
例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 V !Cu%4
7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 ;B8#Nf
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 dr25;L? B
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? \t'v-x>2y5
I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。 3 #fOrNU2
8) spend/waste time doing sth. QQQ3U
They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。 Xx
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9)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 pHW
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This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 w&A&BE^O/
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么) )X8?m <cG
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. 4v@urW s
(2)有关分词句型 buIy+
1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如: s_`PPl_D$K
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 ZcTxE]Y
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。 _h@s)"
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 /}_OCuJJ,
2)表示“致使”等意义的动词,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的结构,有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如: fS( )F*J
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 .zm'E<
If she catches me reading her diary,she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的。 UfE41el:
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。 ?q}XDc
3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping 购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。 .JR"|;M}
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 jU 4*fzsZI
I’ll go shopping.我去商店。 Dv7/eRt
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? uYh6q1@"~
4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做… 3
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I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。 S Z@ JzOA
His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。
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或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 /eM
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He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 \
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5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?) Y0kDHG
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐,你看怎么样? {{FA"NW
(3)有关动词不定式句型 wH:'5+u:6
下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法,只能用不定式形式。 won(HK\1p
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do Y,v8eOo45S
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. 4o:
(4)there be的非谓语形式 8}Pd- .se
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过,定语见1996年题10。) 4:!KtpR[O
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作宾语如1991年题30) $Cr? }'a
1)作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构,而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如: #}^kMD >
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind,我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 B3
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They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 4<`x*8`
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We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 _IAvFJI
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.(作状语) ` r; .
2)作状语多用there being结构,但若置于介词之后,for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语,其它多半用there being。 +C~,q{u
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语) {FR#je
It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) dAOmqu,6
There having been no rain for a long time,the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语) I,{9v
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3)作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 E'p5
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 9R XT
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 05".;(
4)作定语。 There be结构作定语时,定语从句中谓语为there be,there之前的关系代词常常省略。如: v=b`kCH}
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.这是到南京的最快一班车。 %m'd~#pze
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 MKd{y~'
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