考博英语语法:非谓语动词常考的其它结构 zm;C\s rF
(1)疑问词+不定式结构 |y!A&d=xYn
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: wy2
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When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) ?aMOZn?
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) <OPAr
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The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) }<:}XlwT%
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) ,2ar7
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(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: C7AUsYM
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 9N3eN
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: kcxAd
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. )`D:F>p*
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 SgOheN-
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. @KAI4LP
(3)不带to的不定式 3;Fhg!ZO
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: B>.qd
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到 zdH
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watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 ?bu>r=oIO]
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 :Ux_qB
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. Z%\,w(o[h
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: #LOwGJ$yVz
Let him do it.让他做吧。 v.5+7,4
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 4X|zmr:A
(注): :\U{_@?`%
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如: B7vpsSL
He was seen to come. RpYERAgT
The boy was made to go to bed early. )\^-2[;
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: ~u+9J}
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 =nHgDrA_
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: t&DEb_"De
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 29q _BR *:
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 ^G-@06 /!
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 y* h<MQ
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 {FTqu.
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 WOf 4o
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: L&OwPd
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 ItTz.sQ
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: [PKR2UEe]
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 H 7
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2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例如: uSBaDYg
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 aFIw=c(nP
He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 /5AJ.r
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 FU<Jp3<%
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 S#[j )U-
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。 /JU.?M3
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It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 w)jISu;RG
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