考博英语语法：非谓语动词中的有关句型 @V\ u<n
(1)动名词作主语的句型 i]cD{ hv
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 m}-* B1
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. {+3
`{34e
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 -n: ~m
p
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。
2@Nt6r
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 _\2Ae\&c
3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. =K \xE"
It is useless speaking.光说没用。 LJ8 t@ui
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。 OG
R2Y
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 UR
|Au'iu
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。 Vsj1!}X:
4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”) GXnrVI
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。 3|0wD:Dy
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 {V^|9j:\K
5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) J+(B ]8aj
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了，哭也无用。 Dq~ \U&U\$
6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing X
T<SR
]
have作有解时，后接情感名词(in可省略)，再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. u9*7Buou^
例如：We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 =T- jG_.H
7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 W9G1wU
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 g7;OZ#\
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? ]~@uStHn
I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。 98rO]
rg
8) spend/waste time doing sth. JKF/z@Vbe\
They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。 Y D ,<]q%
9)在require后只能用动名词，不能用不定式，尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 0B]c`$"aD
This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 3De(:c)@
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么) >H,5MM!
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. 0<)Ep~!
(2)有关分词句型 FvXpqlp
1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等)，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等)。例如： HLX #RQ
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 yTR5*{?j
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。 aQj"FUL
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 hiEo sI
C
2)表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1)的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如： +TC##}Zmb
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 d-jZ 5nl(
If she catches me reading her diary，she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。 u)[i'ceQZ:
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。 "9IR|
3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保龄球，shopping 购物，sightseeing游览，camping露营。 [
e#[j{
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 ]$!7;
P
I’ll go shopping.我去商店。 f{-," 6Y1
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? o]B2^Yq;x
4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做… Jow{7@FG
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。 7|k2~\@q
His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 (_R!:H(]m
或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 qu0 q
LM
He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 YbF}>1/"
5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?) m A('MS2
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐，你看怎么样? |\RN%w7E8
(3)有关动词不定式句型 [W99}bi$
下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法，只能用不定式形式。 Ckhw d
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do mr,G H x
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. ]/|DCxQ
(4)there be的非谓语形式 \[
W`hhJ
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过，定语见1996年题10。) hyY^$p+
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作宾语如1991年题30) _ucixM #
1)作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： 4{h^
O@*g
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind，我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 C 't% e
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 7
6HB@'xY
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 ]UrlFiR
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.(作状语) yMOYTN@]
2)作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词之后，for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语，其它多半用there being。 #fF D|q
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) ~Fo`
Pr_
It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) +A%zFF3
There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语) <)+;Bg
3)作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 =nCV. W f
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 UJ`%uLR~
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 DvTbt?i[
4)作定语。 There be结构作定语时，定语从句中谓语为there be，there之前的关系代词常常省略。如： USXP a[
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.这是到南京的最快一班车。 xRF_'|e
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 w$749jGx
Xg;q\GS/<i
