考博英语语法：非谓语动词中的有关句型 Fj <a;oV
(1)动名词作主语的句型 Q 9JT6
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 }~<9*M-P
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. \9:IL9~F
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 N\hHu6
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。 P>*`<$FR
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 dW|S\S'&
3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. XJ7mvLM;
It is useless speaking.光说没用。 anUH'mcK*
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。 0INlo
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 R&L^+?
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。 S%Z2J)H"
4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”) dJmr!bN\;
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。 x.U:v20`
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 qI1J M =
5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) KMV&c
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了，哭也无用。 G5zsId
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6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing m' L8z
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have作有解时，后接情感名词(in可省略)，再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. %4h
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例如：We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 3*<~;Z' z4
7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 Hl*/s
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 /
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Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? X>s'_F?
I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。 :*E#w"$,j
8) spend/waste time doing sth. tc)4 $"9)
They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。 ?C|b>wM/
9)在require后只能用动名词，不能用不定式，尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 ':?MFkYC
This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 |gJI}"T
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么) !"
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I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. 4.i< `'
(2)有关分词句型 A>Oi9%OY:
1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等)，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等)。例如： dW2Lvnh!>/
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 m <e-XT
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。 Uz;
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I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 kX:d?*{KB
2)表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1)的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如： #~@Cl9[)D
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 @m(ja@YC
If she catches me reading her diary，she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。 d"hW45L
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。 KZt4 dr
3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保龄球，shopping 购物，sightseeing游览，camping露营。 [%yCnt
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 '"<h;|
I’ll go shopping.我去商店。 CLX!qw]@ +
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? *we*IhIP
4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做… h(wu5G0C#u
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。 Ju
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His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 ]&RC<imq
或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 ;J q 7E
He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 #99 fFs`w
5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?) N T<> LWo
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐，你看怎么样? pSlosv(6
(3)有关动词不定式句型 4!
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下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法，只能用不定式形式。 Yr9!</;T
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do 1 2MWO_'g8
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. W .t`
(4)there be的非谓语形式 gu~F(Fb'
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过，定语见1996年题10。) o?l9$"\sqb
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作宾语如1991年题30) lYt| C^
1)作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： Ps!~miN|>
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind，我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 %Vp'^,&S
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 b/eJE
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We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 UX& ?^]
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.(作状语) :_y}8am;H~
2)作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词之后，for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语，其它多半用there being。 -l
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There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) 2,,t+8"`
It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) N-O"y3W}
There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语) ?onTW2c G;
3)作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 H3{FiB ]
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 9n
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There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 @ !UuK;
4)作定语。 There be结构作定语时，定语从句中谓语为there be，there之前的关系代词常常省略。如： ,XJ
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This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.这是到南京的最快一班车。 'nO%1BZj+
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 3+j!{tJ
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