考博英语语法:非谓语动词常考的其它结构 r
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(1)疑问词+不定式结构
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疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: n8F5z|/
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) =gQ9>An
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
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The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) (VjU ,'h
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) <R@,wzK
(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: ,oA<xP-*
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 Q&I`uS=
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B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: DpgTm&}-
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. DaQl ip
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 /!?LBtqy
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. Ck
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(3)不带to的不定式 ^E.
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1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: 9dhEQ=K{3
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到 ^'V :T Y
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 f
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notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 l&qnqmW
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On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. r\;fyeH
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: xmvE*q"9]
Let him do it.让他做吧。 fgdR:@]-
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 jb.H[n,\
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①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如: :u14_^
He was seen to come. ?q:|vt
The boy was made to go to bed early. __g
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②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: by/H:5}7
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 f82%nT
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: ?;ok9Y
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 <e2l@@#oy
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 G#n 4g:K
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 !!y]pMjJa@
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 ?*fY$93O
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
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1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: }5;4'l8
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 8=`L#FkRp
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: 51jgx,-|$
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 X4
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2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例如: vYed_'_
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 h_%q`y ,
He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 w4U,7%V
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 ^65I,
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It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 ]`/>hH>+~9
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
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It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 3uLG$`N
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