考博英语语法：非谓语动词常考的其它结构 f>`dF?^6
(1)疑问词+不定式结构 bKg8 rK u
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如： VTy9_~q
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) [AMAa]^
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) ^=>Tk$ _2
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) H0m|1
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I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) ,XDRO./+T
(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如： *g?Po+ef%
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 *Kdda}
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B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词(如：how, what)+不定式： ;
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While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. Mmpfto%i
(2)介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 [ 8tL "G6s
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. BauU{:Sh
(3)不带to的不定式 -py@Dz K
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有： .L'.c/ s
feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 (=7Cs
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知 ;4Y%PV z~D
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 9eH$XYy
On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue. uEX!xx?Q#
2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如： j~!X;PV3
Let him do it.让他做吧。 Q ]} Hd-
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 8- 2
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(注)： ?Y@N` S
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to，如： gLOEh6
He was seen to come. j KoG7HH
The boy was made to go to bed early. @)fd}tV
②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如: R6] Gk)5
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。 DAXX; 4
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如： "'t0h{W r8
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 U|IzXQX(
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 "g1)f"pL
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。 x^y'P<y pw
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。 ~vyf4TF<#
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 >Z'NXha
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如： n CdR EXw
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 EwvoQ$#jv
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： eS~LF.^Jw
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 /w}u3|L$
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例如： wY[+Z T
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 tM'P m
He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 u)+8S/ )
3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 \RC'XKQ*n
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 " i[@P)
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。 +l<5#pazx
It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 ) Q U
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