1.But it is useless to try to discourage someone [who feels (that he must act), (though the chances of this becoming famous are slim)].
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
①主句：it is useless to try to discourage someone
【译文】试图阻止某人是没有用的
②分句一：who feels…
类型：定语从句;连接词：who
分句二：that he must act
类型：宾语从句;连接词：that
分句三：though the chances of this becoming famous are slim
类型：让步状语从句;连接词：though
【全句译文】试图去阻止那些在成名的机会很渺茫的情况下仍然想要当演员的年轻人是徒劳的。
2.The transformation has occurred so quickly {that myths and misperceptions abound [about the challenges and opportunities (that China poses to America and the rest of the world)]}.
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
①主句: the transformation has occurred so quickly
【译文】这种转变太过迅速
② 分句一：that myths and misperceptions…of the world
类型：结果状语从句;连接词：that
分句二：that China poses to America and the rest of the world
类型：定语从句;连接词：that
【译文】中国给美国和世界其他国家带来……
【全句译文】这种转变太过迅速，以至于出现大量有关中国给美国和世界其他国家带来挑战的传说和误解。
3.A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof, just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid.
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
①主句：A dog might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof
【译文】一只狗可能容易担心我们人类的知觉或对知觉的缺乏
②分句一：who did comparative psychology
类型：定语从句;连接词：who
【译文】学习比较心理学
分句二：as we worry about the consciousness of a squid
类型：比较状语从句;连接词：as
【译文】正如我们担心一只鱿鱼的知觉一样
【全句译文】一只学习过比较心理学的狗可能很容易担心我们人类的知觉或对知觉的缺乏，正如我们担心一只鱿鱼的知觉一样。
4.The other was [that by surfing the Web, Europeans (who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs) were now coming into contact with it daily].
这是一个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
①主句：The other was…
②分句一：that by surfing the web, Europeans…
类型：表语从句;连接词：that
分句二：who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs
类型：定语从句;连接词：who
【译文】曾经只是在学校和流行歌曲中接触过英语的
【全句译文】另一方面在于，通过在网上冲浪，那些曾经只是在学校和流行歌曲中接触过英语的欧洲人现在每天都会接触到英语。
5.These changes are so dramatic [that it is not clear (whether the net economic effects from climate change over the next century will be harmful or helpful)].
这是个主从复合句。
原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词如下：
①主句：These changes are so dramatic
【译文】这些变化如此引人注目
②分句一：that it is not clear…
类型：结果状语从句;连接词：that
分句二：whether the net economic effects from climate change over the next century will be harmful or helpful
类型：主语从句;连接词：whether
【译文】不清楚下个世纪的气候变化所带来的净余经济效应是积极的还是消极的
【全句译文】这些变化如此引人注目，以至于不清楚下个世纪的气候变化所带来的净余经济效应是积极的还是消极的。
