考博英语翻译亦是各研究生院考博常考的题型,考博翻译部分有两种可能的题型:英译汉部分和汉译英部分。 Of@LEEh6
考博论坛freekaobo为大家整理了2016考博英语翻译五大技巧供考生们参考。 f[wA]&
1.词的增减 s+omCr|H;A
汉语里无主语的句子相当多,英语则不同,句子一般都需要有主语。所以在翻译这类无主语的句子时,有时要用“There be…”结构或用it作主语,有时要采用被动式,有时要根据具体上下文选择适当的代词(或名词)来补出主语。因此,汉译英时就需要做适当的增词翻译。一个英语并列句子中,后半句中,往往得省略其重复的部分,而汉语中,有时表示排比对仗,一个词有时会出现好几遍,其目的是为了达到某种气势或是造成排比的效果。因此,英译汉也需适当增词。 ,SVl>~!
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Sample 1 k1h>8z.Tg
原文:有一个调查表明,不吸烟的妇女,如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间,那么患肺癌的危险就会加倍。 ' 5F3,/r
译文:It has been found from a survey that women,who may not have smoked themselves,would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer, if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke. Dwx^hNh
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通过对比,可以看出:由于句型变动的需要,英语译文中用了主语从句句型,就出现了It has been found from a survey that…,自然就增加了形式主语it和介词from,就连“表明”这一谓语形式也得译成has been found that等比汉语多得多的词;汉语“不吸烟的妇女”译成英语为women,who may not have smoked themselves,增加了反身代词themselves和关系代词who;“如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间”这一部分,译成英语为:if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke,先是增加了条件从句中省略的人称主语they,主句部分又在risk前增加了物主代词their。由上述分析对比可以看出汉译英时增词译法用得较多。 7kT&}`g.
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Sample 2 *mVQN1
原文:Mr.Rading explained that according to the new traffic regulations,drivers in Sweden were required to keep the lights on day and night,which helped decrease the traffic accidents. l.iT+
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译文:雷丁先生解释说,根据新的交通规则,在瑞典要强制司机日夜开灯行驶,这有助于降低交通事故的发生率。 FdcmA22k*
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在这段英译汉翻译中,译文增词的情况和汉译英大不相同。就代词而论,由于把which helped decrease the traffic accidents翻译成了独立句子,就把原来的which译成了代词“这。”又把原文的explain译成了“解释说,”加了个“说”字。在翻译drivers in Sweden were required to keep the lights on day and night这一部分时,译成“在瑞典要强制司机日夜开灯行驶,”在开灯后面又加上了“行驶”二字以符合汉语语言表达重视“末尾信息焦点”这一传统。 Ug
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Sample 3 <