考博英语语法:虚拟语气
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非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ^8p=g-U\
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ,Y|WSKY*
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 QXTl'.SfF
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) Wr.G9zq.+
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) K&2{k+w
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 BeAkG_uG
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 ]"Y?
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Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) r(g:b
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Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) /"w%
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(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。 |G^w2"D_Z
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. <Sm@ !yx
2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 49vKb(bz{
(1)不定式作表语 nksx|i l
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。 9F[k;U
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To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。 )$[.XKoT
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
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2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 UVND1XV^f
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 oC"1{ybyl
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。 Pc"g
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 rVo0H.+N)`
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 hzG+s#
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. b#XY.+ *0
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. Fp3NWvu
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。 L[M`LZpJo
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。 ozF173iI
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 O7&