考博英语辨错与改错就是从一个句子四个划线的找出一个错误并加以改正。句子的错误是多种多样的,涉及到语法、词汇和逻辑结构等方面,但通常以语法方面的错误为主。下面我们将辨错与改错测试中涉及到的语法要点和错误类型进行归类和分析,以帮助考生从中领悟出做这类试题的方法和技巧。 :"O=/p+*Us
(一)主、谓语不一致 '7'cKp
句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上不一致,这类试题主要涉及到以下四个方面:
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(1)主语后面有一个较长的定语或定语从句,该定语或定语从句的最后一个词,也就是谓语动词前的那个词的单数或复数一般与主语的单、复数相反,以此来干扰学生。 +U%lWE%
例1 The Capital city is noted for its many modern improvements, but in other parts of the country 8N-~ .p
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lack of enough good roads have delayed progress. i$:CGUb
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例2 The most noticeable feature of tarsiers, small animals which look like monkeys are their :@b>,{*4zS
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large eyes that allow them to see well at night. |Be.r{l
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(2)有时候,为了增加考试难度,在倒装句中考主谓语的一致。 YN>#zr+
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例3 Never before in history has so many people been interested in the study of foreign /e{Oqhf[n
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languages. x=au.@psBS
例4 On each side of the highway was hundreds of billboards advertising everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit and bedspreads. (1995年考题) Dh +^;dQ6
(3)后面由with, as well as, rather than, along with, together with, in addition to, including等修饰的单数名词作主语时,其谓语动词也要用单数形式。 ={L:q8v)
例5 The president of the college , together with the deans, are planning a conference for the B4|%E$1+
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purpose of laying down certain regulations. '{oe}].,
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(4)由连词or, nor, neither… nor, either…or, not only… but also连接的两个名词,谓语形式要与它最接近的主语一致。 zRE7 w:
例6 Neither her parents nor her teacher have persuaded her to change her mind. acGmRP9g
(二)虚拟语气方面的错误 MzG(+B
做这类题考生首先要掌握虚拟语气的构成和主、从句的搭配,熟记常见的虚拟语气类型以及一些特殊用法,重点掌握下列常用的要引起虚拟语气的形容词和动词。 IG9Q~7@
形容词:necessary, essential, urgent, imperative, possible, vital, desirable, important, natural. Y6D=tb
动 词:suggest, ask, recommend, insist, demand, decide, advise, propose, order. RXWjFv~/
例7 So great was the influence of Thomas Paine on his own time that John Adams suggested that the era was called “The Age of Paine.” (1995年考题) x(=kh%\;
例8 If you would have studied French in college you would not have found the 1
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scientific terminology(专门术语)so difficult to understand. ^c(PZ,/#JB
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(三)非谓语动词的误用 q]r!5&Z